Zifukwa zakusintha kwamasamba a petunia: chifukwa chiyani amasanduka oyera, amawala ndikuwoneka obiriwira?
Chifukwa cha kukongola kwa maluwa ndi kusamalira malo, petunia ndiwotchuka kwambiri ndi amayi apanyumba komanso amaluwa. Chomera chokoma ndi chosakhwima chimayikidwa pamakonde ndi mawindo; nthawi yotentha, imakongoletsa mabedi ndi masitepe.
Nthawi zina, ngakhale mutasamala bwino, pachimake choyera pamapezeka masamba. Chifukwa chiyani masamba amasanduka oyera ndipo muyenera kuchita chiyani ngati mawanga oyera atuluka? Tiyeni tione zomwe zingayambitse komanso njira zothetsera nkhaniyi. Onaninso kanema wothandiza pamutuwu.
Makhalidwe a kukula kwa maluwa
Petunia amakula ngati tchire laling'ono... Kutalika kwawo kumasiyanasiyana ndi mitundu: kuyambira masentimita 15 mpaka 30. Mitundu yayitali ya petunias imaberekedwanso, koma siyofala kwenikweni mdera lathu. Masamba a chomeracho ndi obiriwira, wobiriwira. Mitundu ya inflorescence ndiyosiyanasiyana. Kukula kwa maluwawo kumakhala kotalika masentimita 5 mpaka 13, amakhala owonekera komanso osakhwima.
CHENJEZO: Obereketsa akunja amagawa petunia m'magulu awiri, kutengera mawonekedwe amakulidwe. Yoyamba ndikutsata mbewu. Ndi mawonekedwe oyenda pomwe m'lifupi mwake ndi wamkulu kuposa kutalika. Mtundu wachiwiri ndi ampels. Magulu awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito popachika zotengera.
Kuzindikira vuto
Pa 90% ya milandu, mawonekedwe amalo oyera kapena zolembedwera pamasamba amafotokozedwa ndikukula kwa powdery mildew pa petunia, matenda owopsa a mafangasi. Maluwa oyera pa masamba a petunia amafanana ndi fumbi loyera... M'magawo oyamba, masamba ochepa okha ndi omwe amayera, ndiye magawo onse am'mimba amatenga kachilomboka. Pambuyo pake, masambawo amatembenukira chikaso, kufota, kupindika.
Kodi mawanga oyera ndi otani pamaluwa? Mafangayi amalowa m'maselo ndikuyamba kuyamwa madzi opatsa thanzi kuchokera ku petunia. Masamba atrophy, malo akufa amasanduka oyera. Ngati dera lomwe lili ndi kachilomboka likukula, njira ya photosynthesis imasokonezedwa (pamafunika njira zadzidzidzi).
Mawanga oyera ndi chizindikiro cha matenda monga downy mildew.... Mutha kusiyanitsa matendawa ndi powdery mildew pofufuza mawanga pamasamba. Ndi mawonekedwe abodza, mawanga ake pamwamba amatuluka pachimake. Komanso, matenda amasiyana malinga ndi chitukuko: chenicheni chimawoneka chifukwa chinyezi chambiri, chonama - chifukwa chosowa madzi.
Mu chlorosis, mawanga oyera amayamba chifukwa cha calcium yochulukirapo. Zomwe zimayikirazo zimakhudza mkhalidwewo. Mawanga oyera pamasamba ndi madera omwe mumapezeka kuchuluka kwake.
Mutha kuwerenga zambiri za zoyera, komanso imvi ndi maluwa pachimake pa petunias apa.
Zimayambitsa matenda
Mukasamalira bwino nthawi zonse, bowa wa powdery samalimbana ndi chomeracho ndipo samakulitsa mawanga oyera. Zina mwazifukwa zazikulu zakubwera kwavutoli, opanga maluwa amasiyanitsa:
- nthaka ili ndi nayitrogeni wambiri;
- mphikawo ndi wochepa kwa petunias;
- kayendedwe kabwino ka chinyezi, kuthirira mobwerezabwereza kapena kuyanika kwa nthaka (mawanga oyera ndi zotsatira za chitetezo chazovuta komanso matenda);
- kuthirira ndi madzi oipitsidwa ndi bowa.
Kodi nchifukwa ninji chomeracho chimawala ndi kukhala chobiriwirako?
Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha zinthu zovuta: kutentha pang'ono komanso chinyezi. Kulimbana ndi vutoli ndiko kuchotsa mochedwa kwa magawo omwe akhudzidwa kapena agwa a petunia. Chomeracho chimatenga kachilombo chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kochepa kwambiri kwa tsamba la masamba. Mawanga ofiirira obiriwira amabweranso chifukwa chosowa zakudya.... Ngati petunia ilibe zinthu zofunikira ndi mavalidwe, masamba ake amataya utoto, amakhala okutidwa ndi mawanga otumbululuka.
Kodi kuchiza?
Masamba onse okhudzidwa ayenera kudulidwa, magawo athanzi ayenera kuthandizidwa ndikukonzekera mwapadera. Pazifukwazi, Previkur, Topaz, Fundazol, Fitosporin ndioyenera. Mlingowo umadalira kuchuluka kwa masamba omwe akhudzidwa komanso momwe zimakhalira. Yankho lamphamvu kapena lofooka lingafunike. Onani malangizo a mlingo woyenera.
Mwa maphikidwe odziwika omwe atsimikizira kuti ndi othandiza, zotsatirazi zitha kusiyanitsidwa:
Sungunulani supuni 1 mu malita 4 a madzi ofunda. koloko, 0,5 tsp. sopo aliyense wamadzi... Sakanizani bwino. Kuti muthe kusungunula zinthuzo, mutha kuyika njirayo posambira. Utsi katatu, nthawi pakati pakubwereza ndi masiku 6.
- Sungunulani 3 g wa potaziyamu permanganate mu 10 malita a madzi... Muziganiza, kutsanulira mu kutsitsi botolo. Utsi masamba okhudzidwa katatu patsiku kwa masiku 4.
- Sungunulani 2 tbsp mu malita 10 a madzi otentha. mpiru... Yembekezani kuzirala. Dutsani ziwalo zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi petunia ndizotsatira zake.
- Thirani 1 kg ya phulusa losweka mu malita 10 a madzi... Ikani kusakaniza m'malo amdima kwa masiku 5-6. Muziganiza nthawi zina. Pambuyo pokakamira, yankho logwira ntchito limapezeka. Utsi iwo tsiku lililonse. Chiwerengero chochepa cha mankhwalawa ndi katatu.
Njira zodzitetezera
MFUNDO: Njira zosavuta zimathandizira kupewa malo oyera. Malamulo akulu opewera ndi kuchuluka kwa dothi (osati lolemera, osati acidic), kuthirira kwakanthawi, kugwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni ndi calcium m'nthaka.
Ndikofunika kuti madzi asayime poto. Pazifukwazi, muyenera kupanga ngalande zabwino pansi. Kuthirira petunias kuyenera kukhala nthawi imodzi patsiku madzulo.
Onerani kanema wazomwe zimayambitsa matenda a petunia ndi momwe mungathetsere mavutowa:
Kutsiliza
Mawanga oyera pa masamba a petunia ndi chizindikiro cha powdery mildew, downy mildew, kapena chlorosis. Vuto lotere limapezeka chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana kwa kutentha, chinyezi chanthaka yayikulu komanso matenda a mafangasi, calcium yochulukirapo. Mutha kuthana ndi vutoli mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala kapena mankhwala owerengeka.