Makhalidwe a mashelufu amipando, mwachidule zosankha zomwe zingatheke

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Kukhazikika m'nyumba ndi luso lomwe limafunikira chidwi pazambiri: kukonzanso bwino, kuyatsa bwino, mkati moganizira. M'nyumba iliyonse, mashelufu omata bwino, okongoletsa nyumbayo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zowonjezera, mbale, mafano, zopereka, mabuku. Ndizosasinthika: amasunga tinthu tating'ono tating'ono, tomwe timakhala tovuta kukhala opanda. Iwo ndi osiyana mu mawonekedwe, ntchito, kapangidwe, cholinga, koma iliyonse imakwaniritsa ntchito yomwe idapatsidwa. Amakhala ofunikira kwambiri m'nyumba zazing'ono.

Zosiyanasiyana

Bokosi la mipando limawerengedwa kuti ndi mipando yakale. Koma osazilemba. Pali mtundu wa mipandoyi, yomwe ikuwonetsera momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Pali mitundu yotsatirayi:

ndi zinthu zopangidwa;
malo mu chipinda;
malo pakati pa mipando;
ntchito yomanga;
magwiridwe.

Mwa zinthu zopangira:

matabwa;
kuchokera pagalasi;
pulasitiki;
maalumali wazitsulo.

Matabwa

Zachitsulo

Pulasitiki

Galasi

Mwa malo okhala, mitundu yotsatirayi imasiyanitsidwa:

mashelufu apakona;
mashelufu opachikidwa omwe amangiriridwa kudenga;
mipando yamipanda, yolimbikitsidwa ndi zomangira.

Malinga ndi malo omwe ali pakati pa mashelufu, pali zotsatirazi:

zikuchokera gulu la maalumali;
shelufu yamipando imodzi, yapadera pakhoma.

Pali mitundu ingapo yamipando pamapangidwe ndi kapangidwe kake:

mashelufu ophatikizana okhala ndi makoma opingasa ndi owongoka. Amatha kupatsidwa ma drawer;
Mipikisano yolimba - yokhala ndi makoma okhazikika;
wokhala ndi makoma akumbuyo;
ndi khoma lokwera kopingasa, lomwe ndi mtundu wa makabati okhala ndi zitseko opanda zitseko;
mashelufu a mipando okhala ndi makoma am'mbali othandizira;
kutonthoza - mashelufu omwe ali ndi ndege imodzi yopingasa.

Malinga ndi ntchito zomwe zidachitika ndi cholinga, mipando imagawika m'magulu angapo:

ma racks apadziko lonse, zithunzi zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa posankha;
ku bafa;
alumali, mapensulo okhala ngati khitchini alumali;
kulowa panjira;
mashelufu amabuku.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mashelufu malinga ndi zomwe amapangira. Kusankha kwake kumadalira ntchito, cholinga, malo alumali.

Zida zopangira

Zipangizo zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mashelufu ndizosiyana, zimaperekedwa:

veneer;
matabwa;
mipando bolodi;
plywood;
MDF;
Chipboard.

Veneer ndi chinsalu cha mtengo woonda kwambiri (3 mm), wopezeka podula pamwamba pa nkhuni. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maonekedwe:

mtengo;
gabon;
bibolo;
wenge;
mtedza;
beech;
yamatcheri;
mapulo;
birch.

Kugwiritsa ntchito veneer popanga mashelufu kuli ndi zolinga ziwiri: kuchepetsa kwambiri mtengo wopangira ndikupanga zitsanzo zokhazokha zomalizidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya veneer yamitengo yosiyanasiyana.

Zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mawu oti "mipando" ndi matabwa, omwe amabwera ngati matabwa ndi matabwa. Izi ndi matabwa, moyo wa mipando umadalira mtundu wawo. Zimakhudzidwa ndi zifukwa zambiri:

zachilengedwe;
zaka;
nthawi yodula.

Mphamvu ya bolodi imasokonezedwa ndi ming'alu, mfundo. Mtengo wa zinthu zotsika kwambiri ndizotsika kwambiri kuposa mtengo wosankhidwa. Kuti mupeze matabwa apamwamba kwambiri, zikhalidwe zabwino pakukula kwa mitengo ndizofunikira. Zinthu zowononga chilengedwe, kupezeka kwa poizoni sikuloleza kukula kwa nkhuni zonse. Chifukwa chake, mitengo yolimba ndiyokwera mtengo kwambiri, ndipo mipando ndi zitsanzo zokha.

Ponena za mipando yamatabwa, amatanthauza mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu:

“Mipando yamatabwa” ndi dzina lomwe limatanthawuza mitundu yake yonse (matabwa opangidwa ndi utuchi wosindikizidwa, zometa);
chovala chophimba pansi pake;
mipando yolimba yamatabwa.

Choloŵa m'malo mwa nkhuni ndi bolodi la mipando, lomwe limakhala ndi mipiringidzo yamatabwa yolumikizidwa, yomalizidwa ndi mawonekedwe veneer. Mipando imakhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri, yabwino kwambiri, yopambana pamtengo wademokalase. Popanga kapangidwe ka matabwa, mipiringidzo yamitengo ya makulidwe ndi kukula kwake imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

birch;
beech;
mtengo.

Chishango chimafala pakupanga mipando, chifukwa chodziwika bwino, mphamvu, kusamalira zachilengedwe. Moyo wake wantchito ungafanane ndi zopangidwa ndi matabwa. Monga nkhuni, imatha kubwezeretsedwanso mosavuta.

Mitengo yamatabwa ndi plywood, yomwe imadziwika ndi Aigupto akale, Aroma ndi Agiriki. Zogulitsazo zimapangidwa ndi mapepala atatu pogwiritsa ntchito utomoni wa carbamide wokutira. Mitengo yabwino kwambiri yopangira plywood imawerengedwa kuti ndi birch. Mphamvu ya zinthuzo imafanizidwa ndi mtengo. Ali ndi moyo wopatsa chidwi (kuyambira zaka zisanu mpaka zana). Sizodabwitsa kuti mitundu yazaka zapitazo idapangidwa ndi plywood, yomwe idasowa, ikuyamikiridwabe.

Kwa zamkati, plywood ndimakonda kwambiri, chifukwa chake ndi mtengo wotsika, kudalirika pakugwira ntchito. Ndizofunikira pakupanga mashelufu pazinthu zosiyanasiyana:

kwa malaibulale akunyumba;
zipinda za ana;
khitchini.

Plywood ili ndi luso lokonzekera bwino: imatha kusunga mtundu wachilengedwe wa birch, imatha kujambulidwa.

MDF ndi mtundu wa zinthu zamatabwa. Ndi ulusi wopangira ulusi. Amakhala shavings, amene ali wolumikizidwa ndi urea utomoni. Zinthuzo zimawerengedwa kuti ndizoyandikira nkhuni potengera chilengedwe ndi mphamvu. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake kutchuka kwake. Zinthu zosagwira chinyezi, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mashelufu kubafa. Zinthu izi zitha kukhala:

revet ndi pulasitiki, maonekedwe, filimu;
perekani mitundu yosiyanasiyana;
kusiyanitsa ndimithunzi ndi zotsatira (kuwala, chitsulo, mayi wa ngale).

Zipangizo zomwe mashelufu amipando amaphatikizirapo bolodi lokhala ndi matabwa kapena chipboard, chomwe ndichinthu chamakono. Zimapangidwa ndi zometa ndi utuchi. Makhalidwe aluso ndi:

mphamvu;
kukana chinyezi;
kuteteza kukula, mtundu ndi mawonekedwe muzipinda zotenthetsera. Kutengera malamulo a magwiridwe antchito, mashelufu amatha zaka khumi.

Ndi ofooka kwambiri kuposa zinthu zina zamatabwa, chifukwa chake, pakugwira ntchito, izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa osati kupatsidwa katundu zomwe sizinapangidwe. Palibe chilichonse cholimba pamtengo cholimba chomwe chingafanane nacho potengera kulimba kwake komanso kulimba kwake. Koma si anthu onse amene amagula mipando kuti apitilize ndi cholowa. Chifukwa chake, mashelufu azinthu zilizonse zamatabwa apeza eni ake.

Kuphatikiza pa mashelufu amitengo, zida zina zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chinthu chimodzi, nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa:

Mashelufu agalasi amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'bafa. Galasi imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mashelufu opepuka okhala ndi zokumbutsa m'makapu;
maalumali wazitsulo adapangidwa kuti azisungira zinthu zolemera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhitchini. Amathandizira mosavuta mbale zilizonse zolemera.

Njira zosungira ndi zofunikira

Vuto lalikulu ndikusankhidwa kwa mitundu yazosungira, popeza mawonekedwe okongoletsa, kudalirika ndi chitetezo chimadalira. Zovekera zili ndi zinthu ziwiri:

ogwiritsa kapena chofukizira;
malire.

Kuchokera pakuwongolera mashelufu, zinthu za malonda ndi njira yokonzera ndizofunikira. Njira zogwiritsira ntchito zimadalira zinthu zomwe zili m'mashelufu. Ali ndi mitundu.

Kukhazikitsa zida zolimbitsa mashelefu ozungulira kumachitika motere:

olamulira amakhala oyamba;
pansi ndi pamwamba zimamangidwa ku kabati;
ndiye kuti alumali alalumikiza ku axle.

Mashelefu otulutsidwa amamangiriridwa ndi zovekera zapadera. Ili ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

atsogoleri;
odzigudubuza akuyenda limodzi nawo.

Zomangira, kutengera kapangidwe kake, ndi za mitundu ingapo:

tandem mabokosi opangidwa ndi maalumali;
zomangamanga zomangidwa mu zida;
njira zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa zisanachitike.

Kuti mukweze shelufu yotsetsereka, muyenera kuyika pobowola, zowongolera, kuyeza ndi kuyika zida. Kuyika kumachitika motere:

maupangiriwo agawika magawo awiri (gawo limodzi limalumikizidwa ndi chimango, linalo lili pashelefu);
kuwerengera ndi kusanja kumachitika kwa iwo;
kuboola ma fasteners;
kuyika kwa zomangira.

Atakonza zinthu zonse, zasinthidwa. Unsembe wa tandem mabokosi ikuchitika chimodzimodzi. Kuyika kwa zomangira zotsekemera:

chizindikiro cha omwe akugwira;
onetsetsani kuti mamitala a zigwirizizo ndi mabowo akuyenera kukhala ofanana;
konzani zonyamulira ku chimango ndi alumali.

Zokwera m'makona pamakona a nyumbayi. Mitundu momwe zinthu zolemetsa zimayenera kusungidwa ziyenera kulimbikitsidwa ndi zolumikizira zina ziwiri. Musanatseke zolumikizira pamutu (m'mabokosi), lembani mfundo pamabowo pomwe zokongoletsera zikuyenera kukhazikitsidwa. Kenako apangeni pashelefu. Kubowola mabowo ndi kubowola. Dulani zomangira pachimango ndi pashelefu.

Kwa mashelufu agalasi, zomangira zimayikidwa chimodzimodzi. Amamangiriridwa ndi bulaketi, omwe ali mtundu wa zomangira zapamutu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa maalumali wamagalasi. Ali ndi gasket wamkati yemwe amateteza magalasi.

Bulaketi ndi mtundu wina wazomwe zimamangirira (mortise). Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mashelefu omwe azigwiritsidwa ntchito polemetsa. Zomangira za mipando yopangidwa ndi chipboard zimayika zomata zobisika Ikani izo mkati mwa alumali. Zolumikiza zitha kusankhidwa moyenera, bola ngati zinthu zomwe zili m'mashelufu komanso komwe zili zimadziwika.

Ndizosangalatsa kuphatikiza mkati

Bokosi la mipando limakwanira bwino mkati mwake, popeza limasiyana mosiyanasiyana, kapangidwe kake, kukula kwake. Ndiwokongoletsa, wogwira ntchito, mogwirizana ndi zinthu zina. Ndikofunika kudziwa momwe mungayikidwire bwino kuti isasokoneze mgwirizano. Pali njira zomwe muyenera kutsogozedwa ndikuyika mashelufu muzipinda zosiyanasiyana:

pabalaza, gulu la mashelufu amakona anayi omwe ali pamwamba pamoto kapena TV adzawoneka opindulitsa;
osati mashelufu a mipando yayikulu pakhoma omwe adzawoneke bwino pamwamba pa sofa mu holo;
konzani mashelufu a mabuku mu phunziroli ndi chipinda cha ana pamwamba pa tebulo lantchito. Mutha kuyika zinthu zomwe mukufuna kuti mugwire;
shelufu yopapatiza yayitali ingakhale poyimira zithunzi;
mashelufu amalowa bwino muofesi. Amathandizira maofesi ovala zovala pakhonde, kukhitchini, kubafa;
zipinda zakutsogolo (holo, pabalaza, chipinda chogona), mashelufu amachepetsa mipando, yochita ngati zokongoletsa;
m'chipinda chilichonse, mutha kukhazikitsa mashelufu apakona, omwe amangodzaza malowa, komanso athandizanso.

Pali zosankha zambiri pamakonzedwe amalovu mkati, ndipo ndioyenera mkati.

Kukongoletsa

Mashelefu ogwira ntchito mchipinda chilichonse ndi zinthu zamtengo wapatali. Amadzaza mavutowo, amakongoletsa mkati ndi zokongola zokongola zomwe zimalimbikitsa. Mkati mwa zipinda, mashelufu enieniwo amachita ntchito zokongoletsa ndi zokongoletsa. Pali zosankha zambiri zogwiritsa ntchito mashelufu amipando. Nawa ena mwa iwo:

monga chinthu chokongoletsera, ndizotchuka kukhala ndi mashelufu osinthira amapangidwe apachiyambi;
magalasi kapena nyimbo zapulasitiki zimakhala "mpweya" wopepuka pakati pa mipando yamatabwa;
asymmetry ikhoza kukhala chinthu chokongoletsera;
mashelufu angapo amatha kutambasula mozungulira ngati njoka;
ndi malingaliro opanga, mutha kupanga chilichonse kuchokera m'mashelufu, kuphatikiza zinthu zina zokongoletsera zamkati: mawonekedwe, mitundu, kuyatsa, nsalu.

Okonza mwaukadaulo, poganizira momwe nthawi ndi mafashoni amakhalira, amapereka zosankha zambiri momwe nyimbo zovuta zomwe zimangokhala zokha pakhoma sizigwira ntchito zina mnyumbamo, komanso zimapangitsa kuti mkati mwake musalephereke.

Zomwe zitha kuyikidwa pa iwo

Mashelufu alibe zitseko, ndiye chilichonse chomwe chimayikidwa pazowonekera. Ndikofunikira kukonza zomwe zikupezeka kuti zisaphwanye chithunzi chonse ndi malamulo amkati. Uwu ndiye luso lotonthoza kunyumba, ndipo malamulo azaluso ayenera kumvetsetsa. Pamasamba a magazini, mashelufu okhala ndi zinthu amawoneka bwino. Chofunika ndikuti zinthu zonse zimapezeka pa iwo mwanjira yapadera:

muyenera kukonza zomwe zili m'mashelufu m'mizere ingapo. Makonzedwe awo owonetsera akusonyeza kuti zinthu zina zimayenderana ndi utoto, mawonekedwe, mutha kupanga zinthu zingapo zofanana kapena zofanana;
ngati mulibe malo okwanira m'mashelufu, gwiritsani ntchito chikombolecho popachika chithunzi, chithunzi, chithunzi kapena kalilole pa chimango;
Ikani mafano ang'onoang'ono pamagulu ochepa a magazini kapena mabuku. Njira imeneyi imagogomezera kufunikira kwawo;
gwiritsani ntchito zofanana poika zinthu;
madipatimenti ena atha kukhala opanda anthu;
mafoda atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazipika;
Ikani dongosolo langwiro pa shelufu;
ndi bwino kuchepetsa zinthu zolemetsa;
ndibwino kuti musakonze zinthu ndi utoto;
kuchepetsa mizere ya mabuku ndi mabasiketi, mafano;
osangoyika mabuku mozungulira. Njira ina ndi masheya opingasa.

Mashelufu ndi mipando yofunikira m'nyumba iliyonse, yabwino komanso yogwira ntchito. Amathandizira mkati mwake, amadzaza malo opanda kanthu ndikusakanikirana bwino ndi mahedifoni. Mashelufu agwiritsidwa ntchito, azolowera komanso osasinthika. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha kutchuka kwawo.