Lubeck - doko lalikulu kwambiri ku Germany kunyanja ya Baltic
Lubeck, Germany ndi tawuni yomwe ili kumpoto kwa dzikolo m'mbali mwa Mtsinje wa Trave. Mzindawu uli m'gulu la madoko akuluakulu, ndi wachiwiri kukula m'chigawochi. Kukhazikitsidwa kuli mu Nyanja ya Baltic, mtunda wopita ku Hamburg ndi pafupifupi 60 km. Chomwe chimasiyanitsa mzindawu ndi madera ena aku Germany ndi mbiri yake yolemera, zokopa zambiri, zipilala zakale zomanga njerwa za Gothic zokhazokha za Lubeck.
Zithunzi za mzinda wa Lubeck
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti! Mzindawu uli ndi nyumba pafupifupi 100 zakale.
Zambiri za mzinda wa Lubeck
Maonekedwe a Lubeck adasungabe kukongola kwake, ndipo zowoneka zingapo zikukumbutsa za Hanseatic League yotchuka, popeza anali Lubeck yemwe anali mtsogoleri weniweni wa bungwe lazamalonda. Kuyambira 1987, zigawo zakale zamzindawu zidaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wa UNESCO World Heritage Sites ndipo sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa tawuni yaying'ono iyi imasunga malo akale osangalatsa komanso ngodya zamakedzana.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti! Lübeck ndiye malo okhala okha kumpoto kwa Germany omwe ali ndi malo odziwika bwino omwe amatsutsana ndi Nuremberg.
Mzindawu unatengera dzina lake kumudzi wokhala ku Lyubese, komwe mafuko achisilavo adathamangitsidwa pano. Adasinthidwa ndi Ajeremani, omwe adakhazikitsa malo amakono. Ndizodabwitsa kuti Lubeck sanakhale ndi tsiku lodziyimira pawokha, atsogoleri ndi zina zilizonse zotsimikizira ufulu, komabe, ndi mzinda uwu womwe unali woyamba ku Germany kupatsidwa ufulu wokhala ndi timbewu tandalama.
Anthu akumaloko amatcha kwawo "kwawo njerwa za njerwa zofiira". Chowonadi ndichakuti nthawi yomwe miyala yamiyala imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga ku Europe, idamangidwa ndi njerwa ku Lubeck. Chifukwa chake, okhalamo adawonetsa chuma chawo. Kuyambira pamenepo, malangizo a Lubeck njerwa Gothic awoneka pakupanga. Chodziwika kwambiri chomwe chapulumuka mpaka lero ndi Town Hall.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti! Nyengo ya Lübeck imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi Nyanja ya Baltic, chifukwa chake, chinyezi chambiri chimawonedwa kuno chaka chonse.
Mbiri ya mzindawu:
- 1143 - mzinda wa Lubeck ku Germany udakhazikitsidwa;
- 1226 - Lubeck adalandila ufulu wokhala mwaufumu;
- 1361 - Hanseatic League idakhazikitsidwa, motsogozedwa ndi Lubeck;
- 1630 - msonkhano womaliza wa omwe adayambitsa ndi mamembala a Hanseatic League;
- 1815 - Lubeck adalowa nawo Germany Confederation;
- 1933 - Lübeck adataya mwayi ndi mwayi wokhala mumzinda wa Hanseatic;
- 1937 - adalowa m'chigawo cha Schleswig-Holstein.
Zosangalatsa Lubeck ku Germany
Gawo lochititsa chidwi kwambiri mzindawo pankhani zokopa alendo ndi akale a Altstadt. Kuchokera apa kuti maulendo ambiri ayamba ndipo apaulendo omwe akufuna kudziwa mbiri ya mzindawo abwera kuno. Tapanga zokopa za Lubeck ndi zithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe.
Mzinda Wakale ndi Chipata cha Holstein
Magawo akale amzindawu ali pachilumba chozunguliridwa ndi ngalande ndi Mtsinje wa Trave. Tawuni yakaleyo si malo owonetsera zakale, komabe, zowonera zake zikuphatikizidwa mndandanda wazinthu zotetezedwa ndi UNESCO. Pakatikati pa mbiriyi ndi gawo losangalatsa la mzindawu, momwe zimakhala zosangalatsa kuyenda m'misewu yakale ndikusilira zomangamanga.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti! Malo osungidwa bwino ndi kumpoto kwa likulu la mbiri yakale - Koberg.
Chikhalidwe chachigawo chakale cha mzindawo ndizoyipa zamatchalitchi omwe akukwera Lubeck. Palinso mpweya wakachisi, womwe udayamba kumangidwa molamulidwa ndi a Duke Henry Mkango. Chizindikiro china cha mbiri yakale ya Lübeck, Tchalitchi cha St. Mary ndi tchalitchi chachikulu kwambiri ku Germany komanso nyumba yayitali kwambiri pakatikati pa mzindawu.
Ngakhale mu mbiri yakale Lubeck mutha kuwona ndi kuchezera:
- malo owonetsera zakale;
- nyumba zopangira ma baroque ndi classicism;
- Chipinda chamzinda;
- zisudzo zaboma;
- Chipatala cha Heilishen-Geist.
Chizindikiro cha gawo lapakati la Lübeck, komanso mzinda wonsewo, ndi chipata cha Holsten kapena chipata cha Holstein, chomwe chimangidwe chake chidayamba mu 1466 ndikutha mu 1478. Chokopacho ndichimangidwe chofanana ndi nsanja ziwiri. Chipata ndi gawo limodzi lamalinga amzindawu.
Zabwino kudziwa! Chipata cha Holstein ndichodziwika kwambiri ku Germany pambuyo pa Chipata cha Brandenburg. Ndi chizindikiro osati cha Lübeck chokha, komanso cha dziko lonse komanso Hanseatic League.
Chizindikirocho chidamangidwa ku Lubeck mu 1477 ndipo chinali chazida zinayi zodzitchinjiriza, gawo lawo lalikulu linali Chipata cha Golshin. Mwa njira, machitidwe achitetezo amzindawu anali osangalatsa - nsanja, zipilala zadothi, ngalande, ma caponiers, oponya moto - mfuti 30.
Pakati pa zaka za zana la 19, mogwirizana ndi ntchito yomanga njanji ndi nyumba zatsopano, aboma adaganiza zomanga mbali zina za malondawo. Chipata chinasungidwa, mu 1871 kumanganso kwathunthu kunachitika, ndipo mu 1931 nyumbayo idalimbikitsidwa.
Kuyambira pakati pa zaka za zana la 20, kumangidwa kwa chipata kumakhala nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ya Holstentor, komwe mungadziwe mbiri ya mzindawo ndi miyambo yake.
Zothandiza:
- ndandanda ya ntchito: kuyambira Januware mpaka Marichi - kuyambira 11-00 mpaka 17-00 (kutsekedwa Lolemba), kuyambira Epulo mpaka Disembala - kuyambira 10-00 mpaka 18-00 (masiku asanu ndi awiri pa sabata);
- mitengo yamatikiti: wamkulu - 7 €, wamagulu apadera - 3.5 €, ana azaka zapakati pa 6 mpaka 18 - 2.5 €, kwa ana ochepera zaka 6 kuloledwa ndiulere;
- ntchito zowongolera - 4 €;
- webusayiti: http://museum-holstentor.de/.
Chipinda chamzinda
Nyumbayi ndiyodabwitsa pazinthu zingapo nthawi imodzi:
- amaonedwa ngati amodzi mwa okongola kwambiri mumzindawu;
- zojambulazo zimaphatikizapo mitundu ingapo yamapangidwe;
- Town Hall yakale kwambiri ku Germany.
Chokopa chili pa Market Square, pafupi ndi Tchalitchi cha St.
Nyumba yamatawuniyo idamangidwa m'zaka za zana la 13, pomwe idakhalapo nyumbayo idamangidwanso kangapo, chifukwa chake mitundu yosiyanasiyana idasakanikirana ndi zomangamanga - Gothic, Renaissance komanso Art Nouveau.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 14th, ntchito yomanga Town Hall mu kalembedwe kachi Roma idamalizidwa pabwalopo, kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 15 phiko la Gothic lidawonjezeredwa, ndipo m'zaka za zana la 16th nyumbayo idathandizidwa ndikuwonjezeranso kalembedwe ka Renaissance.
Zabwino kudziwa! Mkati mwa Town Hall, pali zojambula pakhoma zomwe zimafotokoza za moyo wamzindawu.
Zothandiza:
- Mutha kukaona zokopazo pokhapokha ngati gawo laulendo;
- ndandanda waulendo: Lolemba mpaka Lachisanu - 11-00, 12-00, 15-00, Loweruka - 12-30;
- mtengo waulendo - 4 €, kwa omwe ali ndi makhadi a Lubeck - 2 €.
Hansa European Museum
Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ili pafupi ndi nsanja ya Burgtor, yomwe imatsalira m'malo achitetezo. Njerwa zokutira zidagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga. Chizindikirochi chikadalipo mpaka lero sichinasinthe.
Kutulutsa kwa Museum ya Hansa kumafotokoza mbiri ya mgwirizano wamizinda ya Baltic ndi Northern Europe. Mgwirizanowu udatha mpaka 1669. Kudzera pazida zama media, alendo osungira zakale amabwerera mmbuyo mpaka zaka zomwe mchere unali wamtengo wapatali kuposa ndalama. Apa mutha kuwona zombo zaku Hanseatic, zovala zamalonda.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti! Mbiri ya mizinda yambiri idakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi Hansa. Kwa Nizhny Novgorod, 1231 adapeza kuti ndi zokolola zochepa ndipo chifukwa chothandizidwa ndi a Hansa, nzikazo zidapulumutsidwa ku njala.
Gawo lapakati lachiwonetserochi limakhala ndi Lübeck ngati mzinda waukulu wa Hanseatic League. Komanso pakati pazowonetserako pali chuma chambiri chofukula zakale.
- Adilesi: An Der Untertrave 1-2.
- Ndondomeko yantchito: tsiku lililonse kuyambira 10-00 mpaka 18-00.
- Mitengo yamatikiti: akulu - 13 €, zopereka - 10 €, ana - 7.50 €, banja - 19-00 €.
- Webusayiti: http://hansemuseum.eu/>hansemuseum.eu.
Mpingo wa St. Mary
Kachisi wamkulu wa mzinda wa Lübeck ndiye kachisi wamtali kwambiri ku Gothic padziko lapansi. Ili pa Market Square, pafupi ndi Town Hall. Ntchito yomanga idayamba mu 1251 ndipo idatenga zaka zoposa zana. Tchalitchichi chinamangidwa kuti chiwonetse mphamvu ndi mphamvu zamzindawu, komanso Hanseatic League, yomwe imaphatikizapo mizinda yoposa mazana awiri. Kutalika kwa nave wapakati ndi 38.5 m, kutalika kwa belu lalitali ndi 125 m.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti! Chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa bomba mu 1942, moto udayambika mkachisi, motowo udawonetsa zojambula zakale pansi pa pulasitala.
Chiwonongekocho chinapangitsa kugwa kwa mabelu, omwe amasungidwa mkachisi. Belu yatsopano yapa tchalitchi idaperekedwa ndi Chancellor Konrad Adenauer pamwambo wokumbukira zaka mazana asanu ndi awiri. Obwezeretsa abwezeretsa mawonekedwe am'mbuyomu ampingo kuchokera pazithunzi. Kwa zaka zambiri, nyumbayi idawonjezeredwa ndi nyumba zatsopano; lero nyumbayi ili ndi matchalitchi khumi.
Zothandiza:
- ndalama zolowera - 2 €;
- ndandanda ya ntchito - kuyambira 10-00 mpaka 16-00;
- webusayiti: https://st-marien-luebeck.de.
Mpingo wa St. Peter
Kachisi wa nave zisanu adamangidwa pamalo a tchalitchi omwe adayimilira pano kuyambira zaka za 12th, ndipo adakongoletsa kalembedwe ka njerwa ka Gothic kofananira kumpoto kwa Germany. M'zaka za nkhondo, malowa adawonongeka kwambiri, adakonzedwanso mu 1987. Lero, kachisi sakugwira ntchito, ntchito sizichitikira pano, koma olamulira amagwiritsa ntchito malowa pokonzekera zochitika zachikhalidwe - ziwonetsero, ziwonetsero, makonsati.
Pamalo opangira belu pali malo okwelera okwera mamita 50. Mutha kufika pano pogwiritsa ntchito chikepe.
Zothandiza:
- mtengo wokaona malo oyang'anira - 4 €;
- ma kirediti kadi amangolandilidwa pa matikiti opitilira 10 €.
Kokhala
Moyang'anira, mzindawu umagawika magawo 10, kuchokera kwa alendo, ndi ochepa okha omwe ali osangalatsa:
- Innenstadt ndiye malo ocheperako pang'ono komanso akale kwambiri mumzinda, komwe mahotela ambiri amakhala okhazikika;
- St. Lorenz-Nord, komanso St. Lorenz-Sud - zigawozi zidasiyanitsidwa ndi mbiri yakale ya Lubeck ndi njanji, mabizinesi ogulitsa mafakitale akhazikika pano, ndipo kulibe malo apaki, mutha kusankha chipinda cha hotelo kapena nyumba zotsika mtengo pafupi ndi siteshoni ya sitima ngati malo ogona;
- Travemunde si chigawo chokha cha Lubeck, koma tawuni yaying'ono yosiyanako yomwe ili ndi mwayi wopita kunyanja, pali masitolo ambiri, malo odyera, mutha kukwera bwato.
Zabwino kudziwa! Ngati mumakopeka ndi malo oyandikira nyanja, khalani omasuka kusankha dera la Travemunde. Palibe mahotela ambiri pano, koma kupeza nyumba sizovuta. Malo ogona ayenera kusungitsidwa pasadakhale. Madera awiriwa amalumikizidwa ndi njanji, msewu umatenga mphindi 30, ndipo amathanso kufikiridwa ndi galimoto.
Mtengo wa moyo:
- chipinda mu kogona - 25 €;
- chipinda mu hotelo ya nyenyezi ziwiri - 60 €;
- chipinda hotelo ya nyenyezi zitatu - 70 €;
- Chipinda cha hotelo cha nyenyezi 4 - 100 €;
- chipinda mu hotelo ya nyenyezi 5 - 140 €.
Pezani Mitengo kapena sungani malo alionse ogwiritsira ntchito fomu iyi
Chakudya ku Lubeck
Zachidziwikire, malo ambiri omwe mungakhale ndi chotupitsa ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi amakhala pakati pa Lubeck. Palibe kuchepa pakusankha zakudya - malo okhala ndi zakudya zakomweko amaperekedwa mochuluka, komanso malo odyera omwe ali ndi mindandanda yaku France, Italy, Mexico ndi Asia.
Zabwino kudziwa! Lubeck ndiyotchuka chifukwa chazakumwa zambiri za malo omwera ndi malo omwera kumene mumatha kulawa mowa kapena vinyo wamba.
Mitengo m'malo omwera ndi odyera:
- fufuzani munthu m'modzi mu cafe yotsika mtengo - kuyambira € 9 mpaka € 13;
- cheke cha anthu awiri mu lesitilanti - kuyambira 35 € mpaka 45 € (nkhomaliro zitatu);
- nkhomaliro ku malo odyera achangu - kuyambira 7 € mpaka 9 €.
Yerekezerani mitengo ya malo ogwiritsira ntchito Fomu iyi
Momwe mungafikire ku Lubeck
Alendo ambiri amafika mumzinda ndi sitima, bwato kapena galimoto. Ndege yapafupi kwambiri ili pamtunda wa makilomita 66 kuchokera ku Lübeck ku Hamburg. Pali njira zingapo zochokera ku eyapoti kupita kumzinda:
- Sitima ya S-Bahn (imani pa eyapoti) kupita ku Hamburg, kenako sitima kupita ku Lubeck, ulendowu umatenga ola limodzi 1 mphindi 25, ulendowu udzawononga 15 €;
- pabasi yamzinda kokwerera masitima apamtunda ku Hamburg, kenako pasitima yopita ku Lübeck, kuyenda pa basi - 1.60 €.
Germany ili ndi njanji yayikulu; mutha kufika ku Lubeck pa sitima kuchokera mumzinda uliwonse mdzikolo. Zambiri pazamasanjidwe amasitima ndi mitengo yamatikiti patsamba lovomerezeka la njanji www.bahn.de.
Kuchokera kumidzi yayikulu ku Germany, mutha kupita ku Lubeck pa basi (wonyamula Flixbus). Mtengo umachokera pa 11 € mpaka 39 €. Mabasi amafika pokwerera masitima apamtunda ku Lübeck.
Ferry Helsinki-Lubeck ndi galimoto
Travemunde ili pamtunda wa makilomita 20 kuchokera mzindawu - malo opumulirako omwe amakhala ngati Lubeck. Mabwato ochokera ku Helsinki ndi St. Petersburg (katundu wokha) amabwera kuno.
Maulalo apanyanja ochokera ku Helsinki amayendetsedwa ndi a Finnlines. Ulendowu uwononga kuyambira 400 € mpaka 600 €. Mtengo wamatikiti umadalira pazinthu zingapo:
- tikiti ya bwato idasungitsidwa msanga;
- Kuwoloka bwato kumakonzedwa ndi galimoto kapena popanda zoyendera.
Ulendowu umatenga maola 29. Mabwato amachoka ku Helsinki kasanu ndi kawiri pa sabata. Kuti mumve zambiri za boti la Helsinki-Lubeck, ndandanda ndi mitengo yamatikiti, chonde pitani ku www.finnlines.com/ru.
Mpaka 2015, bwato la St. Komabe, kuyambira mwezi wa February chaka chino, ntchito zonyamula anthu paulemu zasiya, zotsalira zatsala. Chifukwa chake, njira yokhayo yochokerako ku St. Ndandanda ndi mitengo yamatikiti zitha kupezeka pa https://parom.de/helsinki-travemunde.
Tasonkhanitsa zambiri zofunika za mzinda wa Lubeck (Germany), womwe alendo adzafunika kuyendera. Zachidziwikire, tawuni yaying'ono iyi imayenera kusamalidwa, njira yabwino kwambiri yomvera utoto ndi mawonekedwe a Lubeck ndikuyenda kudera lakale ndikupita kukawona zakale.
Kanema: kuyenda pa boti ku Europe, imani ku Lubeck ndi zambiri zothandiza mzindawo.