Lofofora yachilendo ndi zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa za izi

Pamapiri a mapiri a calcareous otambasulidwa kuchokera ku Texas kupita ku Mexico chomera chodabwitsa - Lophophora, m'Chilatini - Lophophora.

Chikhalidwe ichi chili ndi dzina lachilendo komanso mawonekedwe achilendo kwambiri. Lofofora ndi wa banja la Cactus, ngakhale amasiyana pakakhala minga.

M'nkhaniyi, tiona mwatsatanetsatane momwe mtundu uwu wa cactus umachulukitsira, momwe ungasamalire moyenera, komanso kuphunzira za mbiri yazomwe zidachitika.

Kufotokozera kwa botanical

Tsinde limatha kukhala lokulirapo masentimita 15 ndipo limakhala lathyathyathya pafupifupi 3 cm, lomwe limakhala ndi nthiti zazikulu, kuyambira 6 mpaka 10, ndipo pamtunduwu, pali ma tubercles ofotokozedwa mofewa. Chodabwitsa, ma villi a mbewu amatoleredwa m'mitolo. Maluwa amatha kukhala oyera, achikasu ndi pinki ndipo pambuyo pa miyezi 9-12 mbewu imawonekera. Zipatso zake ndi zotumbululuka.

Muzu wa chomeracho uli ndi katundu wodabwitsa monga kubweza tsinde kumtunda wapamwamba wa dziko lapansi nyengo yamvula. Chinthu champhamvu chomwa mankhwalawa chimapezeka mu tsinde la chomerachi, chimapangidwa kuti chikhale chitetezo.

Mbiri yoyambira

Maluwawo ali ndi mbiri yakale yakale. Amadziwika ndi amwenye ndipo amatchedwa "Peyote". M'mabuku asayansi kwa nthawi yoyamba amapezeka mu 1894 pansi pa dzina la Analonium, ndipo ndi mu 1922 okha pamene adapeza dzina lake.

Malo okhala

Amagawidwa pamtunda wa 200-2000 pamwamba pa nyanja mumthunzi wa zitsamba zomwe sizikukula kuchokera ku USA (Texas) kupita ku Mexico.

Mitundu yotchuka ya Lophophora

Kukula (diffusa)

Mtundu uwu ndi cactus wobiriwira wachikasu, womwe umasowa magawano omveka bwino ndi nthiti. Ma villi omwe amasonkhanitsidwa m'magulu amagawidwa mosafanana pamwamba pa nkhadze. Maluwawo ndi oyera komanso achikasu. Imakula m'mapiri otsetsereka komanso m'mitsinje pansi pa mthunzi wa tchire lomwe silikukula. Chomeracho chimakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu, popeza malo ake amakhala ochepa, komanso, amakololedwa mosaloledwa, osokonezeka ndi mtundu wina.

Fritsch (Fricii)

Maluwa a Lofofora Fritsch ndi pinki yowala (mutha kuphunzira zambiri za cacti wokhala ndi maluwa apinki pano). Chomera chimodzi choterechi chimatha kukhala ndi poizoni, koma mtundu uwu ndi wosowa kwambiri. Izi zimakhudzana ndi kuletsa kwa amwenye akale a Tarahumara kuti asonkhanitse ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito mwanjira ina.

Jourdaniana

Ndi mtundu wosakanizidwa. Maluwa amatha kukhala ofiira ndi oyera (werengani za cacti wokhala ndi maluwa ofiira pano). Zambiri, koma osati zonse, mbande mpaka 2 cm kukula kwake zili ndi minga.

Williams

Mtundu wotchuka kwambiri wa Lofofora. Mtundu wa tsinde umayambira buluu-imvi mpaka imvi wobiriwira. Amamasula kangapo nthawi yachilimwe, maluwa amakhala pinki. Lili ndi chinthu chomwe chingayambitse kuyerekezera koyipa kapena kowoneka bwino, koma sichipangidwa ku equator komanso m'malo azipinda.

Kusamalira kunyumba

• Kutentha ndi kuwala. Ngakhale kuti kutentha kwa madigiri 40 Celsius sikungavulaze chomeracho, mukufunikirabe kuwonetsetsa kutentha kwabwino. Poyamba nyengo yachisanu, onetsetsani kuti kuzizira - osaposa madigiri +10. Chomeracho chimafuna kuwala kowala, koma ngati mukulilola ndikulola dzuwa kulowa, tsinde lidzasintha mtundu kukhala wofiira, ndipo chomeracho chimakula ndikukula pang'onopang'ono. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kupereka zowunikira.
• Kuthirira. Mphamvu yothirira imadalira zinthu monga nyengo, nthaka. M'chilimwe muyenera kuthirira nthaka ikauma.

  Zofunika! Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tileke kuthirira kuyambira Seputembara mpaka Marichi, apo ayi chomeracho chimauma ndi kufa!

• Nthaka. Njira zazikulu pokonzekera nthaka ndizosasunthika komanso kupezeka kwa madzi. Acidity woyenera pH 6-6.5. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nthaka yabwino iyenera kukhala ndi 1/3 ya zinthu zakuthupi, ndi 2/3 ya ngalande.

  Podzaza ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito izi: nthaka yakuda, tsamba la humus. Pazodzaza ngalande: mchenga wonyezimira, nsangalabwi kapena tchipisi ta njerwa, perlite .. Olima alimi odziwa zambiri amalimbikitsa kuwonjezera chakudya chamafupa pang'ono panthaka.

• Mphika. Cactus akadali wachichepere, mphika umasinthidwa chaka chilichonse masika, kenako zikafunika. Mukamasankha mphika, muyenera kukumbukira kuti chomeracho chili ndi mizu yamphamvu, chifukwa chake muyenera kulabadira kutalika kwake.
• Tumizani.
  1. Musanabzala, musathirire mbewuyo masiku asanu ndi awiri, komanso iyenera kuchotsedwa padzuwa.
  2. Mukamudula, muyenera kudula 1/4 ya mizu ya chomeracho.
  3. Pofuna kupewa kuwola, malo odulidwa amawaza ndi makala kapena makala osweka, owuma.
  4. Chosanjikiza chimayikidwa pansi pamphika watsopano, ndikutsatiridwa ndi chosakaniza cha organic.
  5. Pambuyo pomuika, muyenera kutsatira ndime 1.
• Zovala zapamwamba. Cactus iyenera kudyetsedwa kokha panthawi yakukula, kamodzi pamwezi. Gwiritsani ntchito feteleza wapadera wa cacti.
• Nyengo yozizira. M'nyengo yozizira, Lofofore ayenera kuwonetsetsa kuti kutentha sikupitilira 10 digiri Celsius, siyani kuthirira. Kuika mbeu ndikoletsedwa panthawiyi.

Njira zoberekera

Mbewu

1. Nthaka yotentha yodzala maluwa ndikukonzekera mchenga wosamba wowerengeka ndi 3: 1, motsatana.
2. Chotsani mbewu kuzipatso. Pochita izi mutangotsala pang'ono kubzala, mutha kukulitsa kumera kwa mbewu ndi 80%.
3. Bzalani mbewu panthaka. Pewani pang'ono.
4. Zakudya zomwe mudabzala mbewu zimamizidwa m'madzi kwa mphindi 20 kuti dothi likhale lonyowa.
5. Kenako, tsekani bokosilo ndi mbewu ndi zokutira pulasitiki, ndikupanga zotsatira za wowonjezera kutentha.
6. Kutentha kuyenera kukhala 20-30 degrees Celsius, kuyatsa kowala kwa maola 12. Musaiwale za kuyendetsa ndi kusungunula nthaka ikamauma.
7. Mphukira zoyamba zimawoneka m'masabata awiri, ndipo pakatha masiku 45 mbewu zimatha kubzalidwanso.

Mphukira ("ana")

Kuswana kotereku sikoyenera mitundu yonse ya Lophophora, koma ndiyothandiza.

1. Dulani kuthawa.
2. Fukani mdulidwe ndi mpweya wotsegulidwa.
3. Ikani mphukira pamphasa ndi perlite.
4. Patsani kuzizira m'chipindacho, ndikutsanzira nyengo yachisanu, pomwe mphukira zimalimba ndikupatsa mizu yabwino.
5. Pofika kasupe, mphukira zakonzeka kubzala.
6. Timabzala pansi.

Nthawi yamaluwa

Lofofora imamasula kangapo nthawi yachilimwe. Ngati duwa lanu silikuphuka, musadandaule, chifukwa maluwa amayamba kuyambira zaka 5-6 za moyo wa nkhadze yopatsidwa. Malingana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, maluwa amatha kukhala oyera, ofiira, achikasu ndi pinki, komanso ndi mitundu yautoto. Amafika 2-3 cm m'mimba mwake, ndiye kuti, zitha kunenedwa kuti maluwawo ndi ochepa, ndipo mbewu yonseyo yonse.

Matenda omwe angakhalepo ndi tizirombo

Zofunika! Kukula pang'ono pang'ono kwa duwa, pafupifupi 1 cm pachaka, sizitanthauza kuti chomeracho chimakhudzidwa ndi matenda aliwonse, izi ndi zachilendo pamtundu uwu!

Mavuto amabwera chifukwa chophwanya malamulo osamalira mbewu. Mabakiteriya ndi bowa amakhala pachomeracho, koma osachivulaza mpaka nthawi yomwe chilengedwe chikhala chabwino kwa iwo, mwachitsanzo, kuthirira kwambiri.

Maluwa ofanana

• Astrophytum (Astrophytum). Ali ndi malo omwewo - kuchokera ku Texas kupita ku Mexico. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa mitunduyi ndi kupezeka kwa timitengo tating'onoting'ono. Amamasula chikasu kwa masiku angapo, kenako amatha.
• Masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ili ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, osanja pang'ono, maluwa ali pamwamba. Maluwa ndi aatali, koma amayamba kuphuka pokhapokha kumayambanso kwa zaka 2-3.
• Kudzudzula. Tsinde liri ndi mawonekedwe a mpira wathyathyathya. Pamwamba pake pali ma tubercles omwe amapezeka mozungulira. Imayamba pachimake mchaka chachiwiri chamoyo. Mutha kudziwa zambiri zazing'ono za cacti kuchokera ku mtundu wa Rebutia m'nkhaniyi.
• Echinocereus Reichenbach. Tsinde lake ndi lozungulira, lokhala ndi nthiti mpaka 19 ndipo lopindika pang'ono. Maluwawo ali pamwamba pa nkhadze ndipo ndi pinki. Apa mutha kuphunzira zambiri za Echinocereus, komanso munkhaniyi ndimitundu ya chomerachi.
• Echinofossulocactus. Amamera makamaka mumthunzi, pansi pa tchire kapena muudzu. Ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira ndi nthiti - kuyambira 30 mpaka 120 zidutswa.

Malangizo! Kukula kwa Lofofor Williams kudera la Russia ndikoletsedwa pamalamulo. Kukhalapo kwa duwa kumakhala mlandu.

Chifukwa chake, titasanthula zonse zomwe zilipo, titha kunena kuti Lofofora ndi chomera chodzichepetsa... Malingana ndi zikhalidwe zina, duwa lidzakusangalatsani chaka chilichonse ndikukula ndi maluwa.