Momwe mungaphunzire kusewera chess - gawo ndi dongosolo, kufotokozera zidutswa, maupangiri

Chess ndimasewera omwe amadziwika m'maiko 100. Mu 1999, IOC idawazindikira ngati masewera, ndipo mu 2018 adayamba kupanga nawo pa Olimpiki ya Zima. Chess imadziwika osati ndi chisangalalo chokha, komanso ndi kulimbitsa thupi mwamphamvu komanso luntha la chidwi cha omenyera.

Chifukwa chiyani muyenera kuphunzira masewera a chess? Zimalimbikitsa maphunziro azamisili ndi maluso monga:

• Kukhazikika kwa chidwi.
• Kuthetsa mavuto ovuta.
• Maganizo ovuta.
• Kuzindikira kwamachitidwe.
• Kukonzekera mwaluso komanso mwatsatanetsatane.
• Maganizo apakati.
• Malingaliro ndi Kuwunika.

Masewerawa amaphunzitsa kuti pamakhala zotsatira pambuyo pake. Zisankho zomwe zimapangidwa potengera kulosera komanso kulingalira zimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino kuposa kupupuluma komanso kusalingalira.

Kupatula pakupeza maluso ampikisano (mu chess, muphunziranso kuwukira ndikuteteza nthawi yomweyo), pali kufanana pakati pa masamu, nyimbo ndi chess.

Chess yodziyesera yokha kuyambira pachiyambi

Kuti muphunzire kusewera nokha kunyumba, ndibwino kuyamba kuphwanya malamulowo. Mukamaphunzira, zimavuta kugwiritsa ntchito chidutswa chimodzi chokha pa bolodi.

Njira yabwino yophunzirira kusewera ndi kusewera. Kugonjetsedwa ndi maphunziro ndi zokumana nazo zamtengo wapatali. Posachedwa mupeza kuti mawonekedwe aliwonse ali ndi phindu linalake.

Kuchokera pazomwe zimachitikira osewera ambiri, chess imatha kuphunziridwa mosavuta pama intaneti. Komanso pali zinthu zingapo zophunzirira pa intaneti. Izi zidalira kuti ndi njira iti yomwe ingakhale yabwino: kuphunzira "popita" kapena kuyambira poyambira.

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone zosankha zamaphunziro apaintaneti:

• Chess-online (Chess.com). Pulogalamu yabwino kwambiri ya chess yamitundu yonse yazida ndi tsamba lawebusayiti kuti muyambe kuphunzira chess, kusewera pa intaneti motsutsana ndi otsutsana ndi msinkhu wanu. Imasanthula masewera anu bwino ndi makina ake owunikira. Izi zimapereka chilichonse kuyambira pakuphunzitsidwa koyambirira mpaka maphunziro a tsiku ndi tsiku ambuye. Maphunziro awo pakanema potsegulira malingaliro, njira zamasewera apakatikati, njira zowunika, maunyolo, njira zowukira, ndi zina zambiri zimapereka lingaliro lakukulitsa seweroli. Tsambali lithandizira aliyense amene akuyesera kuphunzira zoyambira komanso akufuna kukonza maluso awo.
• Njira za Youtube. Ndikokwanira kuti mufufuze pa Youtube pempho loyenera kuti muphunzitsidwe kuyambira pomwepo, popeza makinawa amapereka njira zosiyanasiyana komanso makanema. Sankhani zinthu zosangalatsa kwambiri ndikuwonera mosangalala.
• Zolemba zapadera. Gulani buku lomwe limalongosola malamulo ndi zikhazikitso za chess. Sindikupangira imodzi popeza alipo ambiri ndipo ambiri ndiabwino. Fufuzani imodzi yokhala ndi zithunzi zambiri ndi zolemba zazing'ono. Mabuku ambiri ophunzitsa "a ana" amagwiranso ntchito kwa akulu.

Kufotokozera kwa ziwerengero, momwe amayendera

1. Mfumu - chofunikira kwambiri pamanambala onse ndi omwe ali ndi korona ndi mtanda.
2. Khalani nawo mfumukazi palinso korona - ichi ndiye chithunzi chachiwiri chachitali.
3. Njovu - chithunzi chokhala ndi chipewa chosongoka.
4. Rook komanso chosavuta kukumbukira, chikuwoneka ngati nsanja yachifumu.
5. Akavalo zosavuta kukumbukira.
6. Mabwana - sizikhala zovuta kuzikumbukira, ndizochepa kwambiri komanso zochuluka kwambiri.

Nayi malamulo ochepa oti muphunzire kuyambira koyambirira:

• Amfumu amayenera kutetezedwa nthawi zonse, amasuntha bwalo limodzi mbali iliyonse.
• Mfumukazi ndiye "msirikali wosunthika kwambiri" yemwe amayenda mozungulira bolodi mbali zonse.
• Njovu zimakhala ndi mayendedwe osiyanasiyana, koma molunjika, mozungulira.
• Rook nthawi zambiri amapeputsidwa ndi oyamba kumene. Imayenda "yopingasa" kudutsa bolodi - mozungulira, ngati "mfumu" m'macheke.
• Hatchiyo ndiyabwino kuchitira dala, zosayembekezereka, mayendedwe ake amadziwika kwa aliyense - kalata yaku Russia "G" paliponse.
• Mapapuni ndi abwino kutenga zidutswa za adani. Amakhala ochepa poyenda - malo amodzi okha kutsogolo.

Kanema wamaphunziro

Njira zosiyanasiyana zosewerera

Njira yayikulu yamasewera:

• Mumasankha mtundu wa zidutswazo (zoyera kapena zakuda, kapena mitundu ina yosiyanako), mdani amatenga mtundu wina.
• Mumasinthana kusuntha. Zidutswa zoyera zimayamba kusuntha.
• Cholinga: Wosewera woyamba kuti alande mfumu ya mdani wake amapambana masewerawo.

Ikani bolodi molondola. Masewerawa amasewera pa chessboard yomwe ili ndi mabwalo 64 - mizere isanu ndi mizati eyiti.

Njira yoyambira ndikugwira zidutswa zofunikira za mdani momwe zingathere kuti zifike kwa mfumu. Imachita izi posuntha zidutswazo pamabwalo pomwe theka la wotsutsa ali. Kulanda chidutswa kumachitika pochotsa kumunda.

Mwina mudamvapo mawu oti "Shah" sichoncho? Izi zikutanthauza kuti inu (kapena mdani wanu) mwayika mfumu yanu (kapena mdani wanu) pamalo pomwe sangasunthire kulikonse osagwidwa.

Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za ziphuphu. Pali zosiyana pamalamulo amodzi: ngati khwangwala sanasunthirepo, amatha kusuntha mabwalo awiri posuntha koyamba. Kuphatikiza apo, khola silingagwire mdani patsogolo pake. Koma ngati pali chidutswa cha mdani patsogolo pake mozungulira, chitha kupita pamenepo kuti akagwire. Ubwino wina wa pawn: ikafika mbali ina ya bolodi, komwe singapitirire, itha kusinthana ndi chidutswa china chilichonse (kupatula mfumu).

Pali gulu lina lapadera lotchedwa castling. Zimakhudza udindo wa mfumu ndikukhazikika. Izi sizingamveke koyambira poyamba, chifukwa chake mutha kuziphunzira pambuyo pake mukazindikira malamulo oyambira.

Tsopano gwiritsani ntchito mawonekedwe anu! Makamaka, musalole kuti ma Knights ndi mabishopu azikhala m'malo awo, chifukwa ndi othandiza kumayambiriro kwa masewerawa.

Kutsogolera mfumu yanu kumalo otetezeka. Mfumu yomwe ili pakatikati pa bolodi ndi mfumu yomwe ili pachiwopsezo.

Kuthamanga pakati! “Ili ndi lingaliro lofunikira kwa obwera kumene. Mabwalo 4 apakati ndiofunikira pakuwongolera.

Kumbukirani kuti kavalo yekha ndi amene angadumphe pamwamba pa khola. Kumbukirani kuti zidutswa zonse zimatha kubwerera chammbuyo kupatula ziphuphu.

Njira yonse yamasewera ndikukakamiza mfumu ya wotsutsana kuti igwere. Zilibe kanthu kuti mumachita bwanji - muyenera kungozichita kamodzi kuti mupambane!

Simungathe kuyang'ana pa chiwonetserocho, kapena mutha kukhala ndi chitetezo chabodza ndikusiya mwayi kwa mdani wanu kuti adzaugwiritse ntchito. Pali njira zambiri zolimbikitsira chitetezo - kuyika zidutswa zanu m'malo otsogola (mabishopu ndi ma rook ndiabwino makamaka). Tetezani theka lanu mosamala ndipo koposa zonse, sungani zidutswazo kuti zizigwirizana. Chomaliza chomwe muyenera kuchita ndikutaya mfumukazi yanu chifukwa simunathe kuyitchinjiriza kapena kusewera mwachangu.

Kutsegula koyipa koyipa kumabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa. Yesetsani kusuntha malo anu kuti mupange njira kwa mabishopu ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma knights anu. Kuda nkhawa mfumukazi ndikugundika pambuyo pake. Palibe kusuntha koyamba konse konse, ngakhale kuli kochititsa chidwi poyerekeza ndi ena. Pali osewera omwe amakonda kudzitchinjiriza, kungokhala chabe, kapena njira zamphamvu, zamphamvu. Kumagawo oyamba, yang'anani pamasewera otetezera, osachita chilichonse.

Unikani maudindo aukadaulo. Agogo aamuna nthawi zambiri amapindula ndi machenjerero. Cholinga chanu ndikupambana mdani wanu ndikupeza njira zopindulira bwino zidutswa zanu. Phunzirani zofunikira za mafoloko, zikhomo, skewers, ndi malingaliro ena. Ntchito yophunzitsira pa Chess.com ndiyofunika kwambiri. Chess imadalira kwambiri kupeza njira zofananira m'malo osiyanasiyana. Kugwiritsa ntchito malingalirowa kumakulitsani kwambiri.

Zitenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti muphunzire

Kuti mufulumizitse kuphunzira kwanu, yesani izi:

1. Sewerani chess osachepera ola limodzi tsiku lililonse.
2. Mukakhala ndi chidziwitso chochulukirapo, gwirizanitsani ma puzzles kwa mphindi 30, ndi mphindi 30 za "live" chess patsiku.

Kafukufukuyu atenga pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, ngati mumvera mphindi 30-60 zamasewera tsiku lililonse. Kupita patsogolo kwina sikuchedwa kubwera, chifukwa masewerawa adzakugonjetsani!

Momwe mungaphunzitsire mwana kusewera chess

Mwanjira zambiri, kuphunzitsa ana ndi ntchito yosavuta kuposa kuphunzitsa achikulire. M'nthawi yapaintaneti, ana amatha kuphunzira kusewera chess pawokha. Malangizo pamwambapa ndi a osewera azaka zonse.

Video chiwembu

Maphunziro m'magawo

M'magulu ndi magawo osiyanasiyana amaphunzitsa momwe amasewera chess "mwalamulo", ndiye kuti, ndikufotokozera mawu onse a chess ndi mayina amachitidwe. Perekani ndikuwonetsa njira zonse zomwe zingasunthike. Anthu omwe amadziphunzitsa okha amakonda kusewera mwachidwi, akumanga unyolo wawo womveka. Sali olimba mmawu, koma amasewera pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri.

Osewera otchuka a chess padziko lapansi ndi Russia

• Mlongo Polgar, Judit ndi Susan ndi akatswiri ku Hungary. Wamng'ono kwambiri mwa alongo, Judit (41), ndiye wosewera wamphamvu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Ubwino wake ndikuti amatenga nawo mbali ndikupambana kokha mu mpikisano wa amuna. Judit adalandira ulemu wa wamkulu wa amuna ali ndi zaka 15, kuposa zomwe akatswiri ambiri odziwika adachita. Mchemwali wake wamkulu Susan pano akupanga chess ku United States, komanso ndi mtsogoleri wapadziko lonse lapansi.
• Antoaneta Stefanova ndi mdziko la Bulgaria komanso ngwazi yaku Europe mu chess komanso chess mwachangu kwa zaka 38. Mu 2002 adakhala gogo wamkulu wapadziko lonse lapansi.
• Xie Jun ndi wosewera wa chess waku China, wophunzitsa wolemekezeka komanso ngwazi yapadziko lonse (wazaka 47). Adakhala katswiri wazaka 10, adayamba kusewera zaka 6.
• Alexandra Kosteniuk ndiye ngwazi yaku Europe ndi Russia. Mawu ake akuti "Chess ndiabwino" komanso "Kukongola ndi malingaliro ndizosagwirizana". Atsogozedwa ndi izi, amalimbikitsa chess ngati wachitsanzo komanso "kazembe wa chess", kuyesera kuyambitsa chidwi pamasewerawa padziko lonse lapansi.
• Anatoly Karpov (66) ndi Garry Kasparov (54) ndi akatswiri odziwika bwino ku Russia. Pakadali pano, amatenga nawo mbali pazandale. M'mbuyomu - akatswiri angapo padziko lapansi, Europe ndi Russia.
• Khalifman Alexander (wazaka 52) ndiwopambana katatu pa World Chess Olympiad. Tsopano amaphunzitsa achinyamata, ndiye mlembi wamabuku a chess strategy.
• Magnus Carlsen (wazaka 27) ndiye ngwazi yapadziko lonse lapansi yaku Norway, m'modzi mwa akulu akulu kwambiri padziko lapansi.
• Anand Vishwanathan (wazaka 47) ndiye mtsogoleri wamphamvu padziko lonse lapansi ku India mu chess mwachangu. Anand amasewera mwachangu kwambiri, amatha nthawi yayitali akuganiza zosunthika, ngakhale kupikisana ndi osewera kwambiri a chess padziko lapansi.

Momwe mungakhalire katswiri wa chess

Kodi mudaphunzira kale malamulo onse a chess ndipo mukupita kukakonza? Nazi zomwe mungachite kenako:

• Phunzirani notation ya algebraic. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi osewera chess kuti ajambule masewera kapena mawonekedwe a zidutswa pa bolodi kuti athe kuwerenga ndikubwezeretsanso masewera aliwonse mtsogolo.
• Phunzirani kufunika kwa mawonekedwe. Sikuti zidutswa zonse za chess ndizolimba pamasewera. Phunzirani kuzindikira kufunikira kwawo ndi kufunika kwake paphwando linalake, ndiye kuti mumvetsetsa ngati kuli koyenera kudzipereka.
• Onerani ndikusanthula masewera a agogo, akale komanso amakono. Onerani masewerawa pakati pa masters.
• Yambani pophunzira zamasewera akale kuyambira m'ma 1600 mpaka koyambirira kwa ma 1900, ndizosavuta kumva. Zitsanzo zina za akatswiri a nthawiyo: Adolph Andersen, Paul Morphy, Wilhelm Steinitz, Johannes Zuckerert, Emanuel Lasker, José Raul Capablanca, Alexander Alekhine.
• Konzani masamu kuti akuthandizeni kuzindikira ndikuzindikira mwayi wamatenda ndi zofooka.
• Phunzirani kugwiritsa ntchito injini ya chess ndi luntha lochita kupanga pofufuza. Makompyuta ndi chida chothandiza kwambiri kwa osewera masiku ano. Arena ndi GUI yotchuka ya Windows ndi Linux. Ndicho, mutha kuwonera masewera amtundu wa PGN, omwe amatha kutsitsidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana. Lembani masewera anu kuti muwunikenso pambuyo pake. Chitani chimodzimodzi mukuwonera masewera amoyo, ganizirani malowa nokha.
• Tsatirani akatswiri chess dziko. Dziwani akatswiri apadziko lonse lapansi komanso akatswiri apadziko lonse lapansi, osewera olemekezeka komanso achichepere. Tsatirani masewera apadziko lonse lapansi.

Malangizo a Kanema

Malangizo othandiza komanso zambiri zosangalatsa

Lowani nawo kalabu ya chess yakomweko. Kusewera ndi mdani wanu pamasom'pamaso ndikukhala gawo la gulu la chess ndiye njira yopangira ukadaulo. Limbani otsutsana ndi msinkhu wanu ndi omwe ali olimba. Unikani masewera aliwonse, kuloweza zomwe zikuchitika kuti mupambane ndi kutaya masewera.

Ndi maupangiri enanso:

• Kuthetsa masamu ambiri a chess.
• Gwiritsani ntchito mahatchi moyenera komanso pafupipafupi.
• Werengani mabuku a chess, mbiri za akatswiri odziwika.
• Phunzirani pa zotayika.
• Fufuzani mayendedwe.
• Ganizirani za masewera a mdani wanu.

Kuyambira pano, yambani kusewera: kusewera mobwerezabwereza. Nthawi zonse muzitsutsa nokha. Maphunzirowa atha kutenga zaka zingapo, koma kukhutitsidwa komwe mungapeze kuyenera kuyesetsa.

Osataya chiyembekezo kapena pindani ngati mwataya! Kugonjetsedwa ndi mwala wopita patsogolo kuti muchite bwino!

Onerani kanemayo: Lucius Banda - Bwerera (Mulole 2024).