Kufotokozera kwamitundu ndi maupangiri akusamalira ma primeroses osatha

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Primrose, wochokera ku Latin Primus (woyamba), amatchedwanso Primrose, chifukwa amamasula pakati pa maluwa oyamba kumayambiriro kwa masika, pomwe chisanu sichinasungunuke.

Amamera makamaka ku Asia, Western China ndi Himalaya (mitundu 300), enawo ku Europe, Russia, Transcaucasia (mitundu 33). Amakonda malo okhala onyowa, koma ndi nthaka yopepuka: madambo, magombe amadziwe, mitsinje yamtsinje ndi yamapiri. Werengani za mitundu ya maluwa okongola awa, zopindulitsa zake ndikugwiritsa ntchito nkhaniyi.

Mitundu ndi kufotokozera

CHENJEZO: Makamaka mitundu yosatha ya primrose, zitsamba zochepa zomwe zimachitika pachaka komanso pachaka. Maluwa amakhala okha kapena amatoleredwa mu pyramidal, ozungulira, khushoni, tiered (candelabra), carpal (yopangidwa ndi belu) ndi ma umbrelate inflorescence.

Khushoni... Maluwa a mitunduyi amakhala okhaokha pazifupi zazifupi, amatuluka pang'ono pamwamba pa khushoni lamasamba.
Umbrelate... Maluwa amasonkhanitsidwa mu ambulera imodzi kapena yozungulira pa peduncle imodzi.
Sungani (ozungulira)... Zowonjezera inflorescence.
Longline (candelabra)... Ma inflorescence m'magawo angapo.
Wokhala ngati belu... Ma inflorescence of maluwa ogwa kapena opachika.

Malinga ndi gulu la Royal Society of Gardeners ku Great Britain, pali magulu atatu am'minda yam'munsi:

Makandulo (ogwedezeka).
Auricula (mwamphamvu). Nawonso, anawagawa Alpine (panja), malire (maluwa bedi), chionetsero (potted).
Primrose-polyanthus.

Pansipa pali tebulo la mitundu ndi malongosoledwe.

Mitundu ya Primrose	Kufotokozera	Chiyambi
Earsal (khutu la chimbalangondo, auricula)	Masamba ofupikira komanso obiriwira obiriwira. Maonekedwe a masambawo ndi ovoid, tsinde ndi 5-20 cm kutalika. Pamapeto pake pali maluwa 6-7 achikaso, oyera, achikasu kapena ofiirira.	M'mapiri a Central Europe, ku Western Alps
Obkonika (chosinthika conical)	Mbewu ya squat yokhala ndi maluwa akulu. Maluwawo ndi lilac yotumbululuka ndi diso lachikaso ndipo amapanga ma inflorescence a umbellate.	Zachilengedwe ku China
Zapamwamba (zotsalira)	Imafikira 30 cm m'litali ndi m'mimba mwake. Masambawo ndi otambalala, otalikirapo-oval, otalika 20-40 cm, otenthedwa m'mbali, atakwinyika. Maluwa (1.5 cm) wofiirira, lilac, nthawi zina amafiyira, oyera.	Mapiri aku Southeast Asia, Himalaya, China ndi Indochina
Wopanda (wamba)	Maluwa pa mapesi amfupi 6-10 masentimita, masamba obiriwira, makwinya, otetemera m'mbali. Mawonekedwe a masambawo ndi oblong-oval, lanceolate, 5-25 cm kutalika ndi 2-4 masentimita mulifupi.Maluwawo ndi osakwatira, ofiira achikasu kapena oyera ndi pakhosi lowala.	Carpathians, Transcaucasia, Western Europe, Algeria, Middle East
Terry Rosanna	Kapangidwe kamasamba achikopa okhala ndi mitsempha yamavuto. Maluwawo ndi akulu (3-4 cm), pinki. Kutalika masentimita 10-15. Chomera choyambirira maluwa.	Central Europe, Carpathians
Usiku (madzulo)	Chomera cha Biennial mankhwala 50 cm wamtali, kutalika-lanceolate masamba 25 cm.Maluwa amakhala achikasu okha.	kumpoto kwa Amerika
Vialya (orchid)	Makandulo a candelabra okhala ndi inflorescence wofiirira wooneka ngati kandulo.	Himalaya, Tibet, Western China
Makandulo	Zosatha mpaka 60 cm kutalika ndi mulifupi.Masamba akulu mpaka masentimita 22. Masamba ang'onoang'ono (mpaka 2 cm) achikasu-lalanje kapena ofiira ofiira amatengedwa mu inflorescence wa zidutswa 8-16.	Kuchokera kumadera akumapiri a China
Siebold	Masentimita 30 kutalika, masentimita 45. Amasiya masentimita 20. Maluwa ochokera ku lilac-purple mpaka pafupifupi oyera amasonkhanitsidwa mu ma inflorescence a ma PC 15. Pambuyo maluwa, masambawo amafa.	Japan
Polyanthus (wosiyanasiyana, Wachigonjetso)	Zabwino. Kutalika kwa 20-30 cm.Maluwa akulu amatengedwa mu inflorescence a zidutswa 5-15, zofiira ziwiri ndi diso lowala.	Transcaucasia, Ural, Iran
Chijapani	Kutalika ndi m'lifupi mwake masentimita 45, masamba mpaka masentimita 25. Maluwa ndi ochepa (2 cm) kuchokera kufiyira mpaka kufiyira, amatengedwa mu zidutswa 5-25 mu ma curls 1-6.	Kuchokera kumadera achinyezi ku Japan
Pinki	Zosintha rosette osatha. Kutalika ndi m'lifupi masentimita 20, masamba mpaka 20 cm, maluwa (2.5 cm) ofiira ofiira ndi diso lachikaso amasonkhanitsidwa mu inflorescence yazidutswa 4-12.	Afghanistan, Nepal
Zowonongeka	Kutalika ndi m'lifupi 20-30 cm, masamba masentimita 9. Maluwa (2 cm) okongola, owoneka ngati belu, ofiira ofiira, pinki, ofiyira-violet, amatengedwa mu inflorescence of 15 zidutswa.	Kuchokera kunkhalango zakum'mawa kwa Siberia ndi ku Europe, m'zigwa zokhala ndi mthunzi, m'mbali mwa mitsinje ndi mitsinje.
Danessa	Zimatanthauza mitundu yopanda kanthu. Maluwa akulu amasonkhanitsidwa mu inflorescence wandiweyani wozungulira. Masambawo ndi otambalala.	Kumadzulo ndi Central Europe, Carpathians
Mealy (owazidwa)	Pamasamba, makamaka pansi, pali maluwa oyera oyera. Bzalani kutalika kwa 15-20 masentimita, masamba a spatulate-lanceolate mpaka 8 cm kutalika, dentate m'mphepete. Maluwa (1 cm) ali ndi lilac lowala kapena lakuda ndi diso lachikaso, lomwe limasonkhanitsidwa mu inflorescence.	Asia
Chokulu-chachikulu (chikho chachikulu)	Kutalika kwa 15-35 cm, masambawo amakhala osindikizira posachedwa, oblong-ovate okhala ndi denticles. Kutalika kwa masambawo kumakhala masentimita 15, m'lifupi mwake ndi masentimita 2-6. Maluwa opangidwa ndi belu ndi achikasu owala kwambiri ndi malo a lalanje, omwe amatengedwa mu zidutswa 6-20 pa inflorescence, yomwe imakonda mbali imodzi.	Western ndi Eastern Siberia, Transcaucasia, Kumpoto kwa Iran
Bissa	Kutalika mpaka 60 cm kutalika komanso kutambalala. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono (ofikira mpaka 2 cm) ofiira kapena pinki ofiira amatengedwa mu inflorescence wa zidutswa 8-16.	Kuchokera ku China
Bulley	Zikuwoneka ngati Byssa primrose, mtundu wautali, kutalika ndi m'lifupi masentimita 60, masamba mpaka masentimita 30. Maluwa ochokera ku kirimu mpaka lalanje, zidutswa zisanu m'makutu 5-7.	Kuchokera kumapiri aku China
Tsitsi	Evergreen primrose mpaka 10 cm kutalika, 25 cm mulifupi, masamba masentimita 8. Maluwa (1.5-2.5 cm) mauve ndi diso loyera lomwe limasonkhanitsidwa muma umbrelate inflorescence a zidutswa 10-15.	Mapiri a Pyrenees, Alps
Florinda	Chosavuta cha rosette primrose. Kutalika kwa 120 cm, 90 cm mulifupi, masamba masentimita 45. Cubular kirimu, maluwa achikaso amasonkhanitsidwa pakuthira ma inflorescence.	Kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Tibet
Pamwamba	Msinkhu 10-40 masentimita, makwinya chowulungika masamba 5-15 masentimita m'litali, 2-6 cm mulifupi, pubescent. Maluwa achikasu owala (9-15 mm) amatengedwa mu inflorescence ya umbellate wa zidutswa 10-30.	Kumpoto kwa Europe, Carpathians, Transcaucasia, kumwera kwa Siberia

Chithunzi

Onani chithunzi cha khutu la khutu.

Nachi chithunzi cha primrose yaku Japan.

Umu ndi momwe mawonekedwe ozungulira primrose amawonekera pachithunzichi.

Chithunzi chotsatira cha obkonik primrose.

Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa Primrose yamadzulo.

Chotsatira ndicho chithunzi cha primrose ya mano abwino.

Komanso onani chithunzi cha terry primrose.

Pansipa pali chithunzi cha white primrose.

Zothandiza katundu wa osatha

Primrose amadyera ali ndi ascorbic acid, carotene ndi mafuta ofunikira. Masamba awo amawonjezeredwa mu supu ndikupangidwa kukhala saladi. Mizu ndi masamba owuma amawonjezeranso chowotcha. Madzi ochokera m'masamba ndi ma infusions ochokera ku ma rhizomes amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala:

Expectorant wa matenda a thirakiti lakumtunda.
Kuchepetsa ululu wa rheumatism.
Diuretic matenda a impso.
Kwa mutu, misempha komanso kusowa tulo.
Resorption mikwingwirima, hematomas.

Mwachitsanzo, decoction ya powdery primrose imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ochizira dermatitis ndikusintha kukula kwa tsitsi. Cortex imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati oyembekezera komanso ochepetsa ululu. Zokometsera zamtunduwu zimathandiza khunyu, ugonthi komanso kukomoka. Rhizome ya chikho chachikulu imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati expectorant; vitamini C imapezeka m'maluwa ndi masamba.

Kufunsira kwa zotchinga, mabedi amaluwa, mabedi amaluwa

MFUNDO: Primrose ngati chomera chophimba pansi chimakwanira bwino m'miyala yosakanikirana yamaluwa (zosakanikirana) yazomera zosatha. Mitundu yake yobiriwira idzawoneka bwino.

Auricles (woboola khutu) wokhala ndi masamba a pubescent ndi olimba kwambiri komanso osadzichepetsa, oyenereradi ma slide am'mapiri ndi minda yamiyala, minda yamaluwa. Mitundu ndi mitundu yazomera ndizosiyanasiyana kotero mutha kupanga munda wamtundu umodzi wokha kuchokera ku ma primroses - primularia.

Zabwino kwambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'minda ndi m'mapaki ngati chomera, m'mabedi amaluwa, zithunzi za alpine, m'magulu a udzu. Ma hybrids a Primrose ndi abwino kuzomera zam'madzi.

Mitundu yayikulu ya primrose imadulidwa. Kukula ndikosazolowereka komanso koyengedwa, koma kwakanthawi kochepa, amakula ngati biennials. Amabzalidwa m'mbali mwa madzi, mitsinje, m'mapiri am'mapiri a mapiri ndi miyala (maluwa owala amawoneka bwino motsutsana ndi zinyalala ndi miyala).

Makapu akulu-akulu omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndipo amapezeka m'malo ouma amapiri ndi mapiri... Ndioyenera kukhazikika, zitunda, kukongoletsa kapinga, kukakamiza.

Kufesa mbewu

Mukamakula primrose kuchokera ku mbewu, ndibwino kuti mubzale maluwawo nthawi yomweyo, koma ndi mbande zomwe zimakula m'malo otentha. Kufesa kwa mbewu sikuyenera kuyamba pasanathe mwezi wa February, popeza kuti Primrose imatenga nthawi yayitali kuti ikule, imakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo mbewu zimafunikira stratification (chithandizo chozizira) ngakhale musanafese.

Stratification kumatenga masiku 10-25 pa otsika koma zabwino kutentha (firiji, khonde, chapansi). Kumera kwa mbewu kumachitika mpaka mphukira zoyamba kuwonekera masiku 25-30 kutentha kwa 12-18 ° С.

Pambuyo pa masamba awiri oyamba a 2-3, mbande zimasunthira ndikuziika m'miphika yosiyana. Pansi panja, mphukira zokhwima zimabzalidwa kutentha kokhazikika. Ndikofunika kuti mubzale mbeu zamtundu wosiyanasiyana mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo kumapeto kwa Meyi.

Tidakambirana zaubwino wobzala primrose kunyumba ndi m'munda, komanso za chisamaliro ndi kulima m'nkhaniyi.

Kusamalira m'munda

Primula imakhudzidwa ndi mndende, poyankha ndi maluwa okhathamira kwambiri, kukula kwakukulu, kuchuluka komanso kutalika kwa maluwa. Kumayambiriro kwa masika komanso kumapeto kwa chilimwe, zomera zimadyetsedwa ndi feteleza, humus.

Musagwiritse ntchito mopitirira muyeso magawo a nayitrogeni, apo ayi masamba amakula makamaka, ndipo mwina simungayembekezere maluwa. Perekani madzi okwanira nthawi yayitali (Meyi-Juni). Nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa komanso yotayirira, musaiwale kuyimasula mutathirira.

Kenako, nthawi yakufa (Julayi-Ogasiti), amangowonetsetsa kuti dziko lapansi lisaume. Kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, Primrose imayambanso kukula ndipo imafunika kuthirira. Pambuyo maluwa, masamba amatalika.

Pokonzekera nyengo yoyamba m'nyengo yozizira, mitundu yosiyanasiyana, monga yosagonjetsedwa komanso yovuta kwambiri, imakutidwa ndi masamba ndikuthira mulch wowuma wathanzi pamizu. Siyani masambawo m'nyengo yozizira kuti muwateteze ku chimfine, ndipo kumapeto kwa nyengo, masamba akale opukutidwa amatha kudulidwa. Kotero, mawonekedwe amakulidwe amadzimadzi:

Amakonda mthunzi pang'ono.
Nthaka yodzaza bwino, yodzaza ndi humus.
Kugonjetsedwa ndi chilala.
Amafuna kugawanika nthawi zonse kuthengo ndikuyika.
Kupuma kwa madzi panthaka kuphatikiza ndi hypothermia ndikowopsa.

Mutha kupeza malangizo atsatanetsatane osamalira primrose kunyumba komanso m'munda pano.

Kuika maluwa

Kuika ndikofunikira pakatha zaka 3-4 zilizonse, komanso mitundu iwiri pakatha zaka ziwiri zilizonse. Samaloleza malo otseguka pakati pawo, akaika, kumbukirani kuti masamba azogulitsa oyandikana nawo ayenera kukhudza, kubzala kuyenera kutsekedwa. Mitundu yaying'ono imabzalidwa patali masentimita 15-20 kuchokera wina ndi mnzake, zomera zazikulu ndi masentimita 20-30.

Primrose imakula bwino mumthunzi wazitsamba ndi mitengo, kupewa dzuwa.... Kupatula kokha mitundu ya mapiri. Amakonda dothi lolowetsa chinyezi lokhala ndi mpweya wabwino, momwe madzi sangayime.

CHOFUNIKA: Ngati dothi lolemera, monga dongo, mchenga, humus, manyowa oundana ndi sphagnum moss (kapena peat) amawonjezeredwa. Nthaka yosalowererapo imakonda.

Mutha kuwerengera za kusinthana ndi kubzala zipatso kumapeto kwa nkhani yathu.

Kubereka

Primrose imafalikira ndi mbewu, kugawanika kwa tchire, ndi kudula masamba.

Pogawa ndi mphukira kumapeto kwa Ogasiti kapena koyambirira kwa Seputembala, chomera cha makolo (uterine) chimatengedwa zaka 4-5.

Amathiriridwa kwambiri, amakumbidwa pansi ndi kugwedeza mizu. Amagawaniza mizu m'magawo angapo ndi mpeni wakuthwa, kuwaza magawowo ndi mpweya kapena phulusa ndipo nthawi yomweyo amawabzala m'minda yatsopano

Ngati chomeracho chili ndi malo amodzi okha, mutha kufalitsa ndi mphukira.... Tsamba loyambirira lokhala ndi petiole ndi mphukira limasiyanitsidwa ndi kholo, tsamba limadulidwa pakati ndikuyika dothi lokonzekera bwino, lonyowa pang'ono komanso lotayirira.

Phesi limera pakatentha ka 16-18 ° C pamalo owala, koma opanda dzuwa. Mphukira zokhala ndi masamba 3-4 zituluka pachimake, zimatha kuikidwa m'miphika yosiyana ndikubzala pamalo otseguka mchaka.

Kufalitsa mbewu kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, kumafunika kuzizira koyambirira (stratification) mkati mwa masabata 3-4. Kenako nyembazo zimamera kwa masiku 30 kutentha pang'ono kwa 12-18 ° C.

Masamba oyamba atatuluka, zimamera ndikubowoka ndikubzala mumiphika kuti zikule mbande zolimba (kuti mumve zambiri za momwe mungadzalire Primrose, komanso kukula ndi kufalitsa duwa, werengani apa). Poyera, mbande zimabzalidwa chaka chamawa.

Primrose idzakhala chipulumutso chenicheni m'munda mwanu ngati sichidzitamandira m'malo a dzuwa. Mitundu ya primrose iyi ndi yokongola komanso yosiyanasiyana kotero kuti mutha kupanga munda wamtundu umodzi, wopangidwa ndi maluwa okhawo - ma primoires.

Onerani kanema wonena za mitundu ya primrose, kukula, kubereka ndi zinthu zake zopindulitsa

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