Cappadocia, Turkey: 9 Zosangalatsa Kwambiri

Cappadocia (Turkey) ndichinthu chodziwika bwino cha ma geological omwe ali pakatikati pa Anatolia. Dera lamapirili, lobisika m'miyala yake yodabwitsa, mizinda yapansi panthaka, nyumba zachifumu zam'mapanga ndi matchalitchi, ndilofunika kwambiri m'mbiri yakale, momwe lidaphatikizidwira m'ndandanda wazolowa za UNESCO. Madera oyamba m'matumbo a Kapadokiya adawoneka koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 3 BC, ndipo pakubwera kwa Akhristu kumayiko amenewa, mapiri ake adakhala pothawirapo akachisi, ma cell ndi ma crypts ambiri.

Makhalidwe apaderadera a m'derali agona chifukwa cha chilengedwe chawo: mawonekedwe onse okongola awa sanapangidwe ndi munthu konse, koma mwachilengedwe zaka makumi mamiliyoni ambiri. Kamodzi ka Kapadokiya amakono ku Turkey anali wokutidwa ndi malilime a chiphalaphala, kuthawa phulusa laphalaphala lomwe limakhazikika ndikukhazikika padziko lapansi ndi phulusa. Popita nthawi, mawonekedwe apadziko lapansi adakwera mamita mazana awiri, ndipo phulusa ndi chiphalaphala zidasinthidwa kukhala mapiri ophulika - thanthwe lowala lowala. Kwa zaka mamiliyoni angapo, mphepo ndi mvula zawononga zinthu zosalalikazo, ndikuumba ziboliboli ndi miyala, mapiramidi ndi ziphuphu.

Masiku ano, Kapadokiya ndi amodzi mwa malo omwe alendo amapitako ku Turkey, ndipo mabuloni mazana ndi alendo amabwera kuno tsiku lililonse. Malowa azunguliridwa ndi Goreme National Park, yomwe ndi malo owonetsera zakale omwe amaphatikizapo zifaniziro zambiri zamiyala ndi malo akachisi. Ndipo pafupi ndi pakiyi pali mudzi wa Goreme, wokhala ndi mahotela, malo odyera ndi malo ogulitsira, komwe alendo omwe amabwera ku Kapadokiya amakhala.

Zolemba zakale

Mbiri ya Cappadocia ku Turkey, yolowerera anthu angapo ndi maufumu, ndizosokoneza, chifukwa chake asayansi mpaka lero sangagwirizane pazinthu zambiri. Ndizodziwika bwino kuti kale m'zaka za m'ma 2000 BC. minda yake idali ya Ahutu, omwe pambuyo pake adawonongedwa ndi Ahiti. Chimodzi mwazinthu zasayansi chimati ndi Ahiti omwe adapatsa malowa dzina lawo lamakono, lomwe poyambirira limamveka ngati "Cattapeda" ("malo pansipa"). Akatswiri ena amati dzinali lidapangidwa ndi Aperisi omwe adabwera kumayiko amenewa mchaka cha 6th BC. ndipo adatcha malowa "Haspaduya", omwe amatanthauzira kuti "Dziko lamahatchi okongola." Popeza njira yachiwiriyo imamveka ngati yachikondi, imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabuku onse owunikira.

M'zaka za zana loyamba A.D. Kapadokiya adakhala gawo la Ufumu wa Roma, ndipo mzaka za 4th miyala yake idakhala pothawirapo kwa akhristu omwe adazunzidwa panthawiyo. Ndiwo omwe adapeza mzinda wakale wobisika wa Ahiti, ndikuwongolera ndikuyamba kutulutsa nyumba zazikulu zazikulu ndi zipinda zazing'ono kuchokera ku tuff yosavuta. M'nthawi ya Byzantine, ndikufika kwa zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chiwiri, Aarabu adayamba kulowerera m'derali, koma boma lidakana mwamphamvu, ndikukopa magulu ankhondo olowa mu Armenia. Komabe, m'zaka za zana la 11, Cappadocia idalowetsedwa ndi anthu aku Seljuk Turks, omwe adabweretsa nyumba zawo zachikhalidwe ngati ma karavanserais, mzikiti ndi madrassas m'malo owoneka bwino.

Ngakhale Aturuki abwera ku Kapadokiya, akhristu, omwe ambiri anali Agiriki, adapitilizabe kukhala mwamtendere ndi Asilamu mdera lake ndikulalikira za chipembedzo chawo mpaka zaka za zana la 20. Chilichonse chinasintha ndi lingaliro la Ataturk posinthana Agiriki omwe amakhala ku Turkey ndi anthu aku Turkey omwe amakhala ku Greece. Pambuyo pake, nyumba za amonke zakomweko zidayamba kuwonongeka, ndipo nzika zotsalazo zidadzipereka kwathunthu kuulimi. Chidwi ku Kapadokiya chidayambiranso mzaka za m'ma 80, pomwe azungu omwe adamva zokopa adayamba kuyendera pakati pa Anatolia. Ichi chinali chiyambi cha chitukuko m'munda wa zokopa alendo, zomwe lero zimakhala m'chigawo chonse.

Zomwe muyenera kuwona

Zowoneka ku Kapadokiya ku Turkey zili ndi gawo lalikulu, ndipo ndizosatheka kuziwona zonse tsiku limodzi. Kuti musawononge nthawi, tasonkhanitsa zinthu zosangalatsa kwambiri mundimeyi, kuphatikiza:

Nkhalango ya Goreme

Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale yotseguka iyi ikufalikira m'malo opitilira 300 km², ndi nyumba yonse ya amonke: imaphatikizapo mipingo yambiri ndi matchalitchi. Zaka za 6 mpaka 9 Goreme amawerengedwa kuti ndi amodzi mwa malo akuluakulu achikhristu, omwe amakhala m'malo opitilira 400. Nyumba za amonke zambiri zidakalipobe mpaka pano, pomwe zojambula pamakoma za Chikhristu choyambirira, komanso zithunzi za Byzantine, zasungidwa pang'ono. Wotchuka kwambiri m'nyumbayi ndi Church of St. Basil, mkati mwake momwe mungayang'ane zithunzi zotsala za oyera mtima ndi zochitika za mu Uthenga Wabwino. Komanso apa ndikofunikira kuyang'ana mu Mpingo wa St. Barbara, wojambulidwa ndi mitundu yowala, ndi Apple Church yokhala ndi mizati inayi ndi mtanda wachi Greek.

Mzinda wa Avanos

Ngati simukudziwa choti muone ku Kapadokiya, ndiye tikukulangizani kuti mupite ku mzinda wawung'ono wa Avanos, womwe uli pafupi ndi magombe amtsinje wautali kwambiri ku Turkey - Kyzyl-Irmak. Chifukwa chakuti madzi a mumtsinjewu ali ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali komanso dothi lofiira, nzika zakomweko zimatha kupanga zaluso ndi zoumba apa. Simungapeze nyumba zapansi panthaka ndi mapiri odabwitsa pano, koma mudzapeza chete ndi kukhala nokha, zogwirizana mogwirizana ndi kununkhira kwakummawa. Kuphatikiza apo, mtawuniyi, aliyense ali ndi mwayi wopita kumisonkhano ina yakomweko ndikuphunzira zoyambira zoumba. Chokopacho chimadziwikanso chifukwa cha mafakitale ake opangira makapeti, Mosque wa Seljuk wa Aladdin ndi Museum of Women Hair, momwe mumasonkhanitsidwa zoposa 16 zikwi - ma curls enieni omwe kale anali atsikana ochokera kumadera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi.

Uchisar mzinda ndi linga

Tauni yabata yomwe ili pamtunda wa 4 km kuchokera ku Goreme, imawoneka ngati mudzi wawung'ono, momwe kulibe mabanki kapena masitolo. Kukhazikikaku sikumapangitsa chidwi, koma linga la Uchisar lomwe lili m'dera lake limakopa chidwi cha alendo. Kapangidwe kake kakang'ono kooneka bwino kakhoza kuwonedwa kuchokera pamalo aliwonse owonera mzindawu. Nyumbayi idapezeka munthawi ya Ufumu wa Ahiti ndipo imatha kukhala ndi anthu 2,600. Kapangidwe kakugwa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo apaulendo apa amangoyang'ana gawo laling'ono la nyumbayo. Ndikofunikadi kukwera padenga lowonera, lomwe limapereka chithunzi chachikulu cha kukula kwa Kapadokiya ndi zigwa zake zokongola.

Chimney Za Fairy

Chimodzi mwa zokopa kwambiri ku Cappadocia ndi Goreme ndi Fairy Fireplaces, yomwe yakhala yodziwika bwino m'derali. Mutha kuyang'ana paziboliboli zapadera zamwala, zopangidwa ngati chimney kapena bowa wamkulu wokhala ndi zisoti zoboola pakati, m'mbali zosiyanasiyana za chigwa choyandikira tawuni ya Zelva. Zachidziwikire, alendo amauzidwa nthano zachikondi zakuti zamatsenga zimakhala m'mizatiyo, koma zowona zodabwitsa ndizotsatira zovulaza za mvula ndi mphepo pamiyala yama tuff.

Kaymakli Mobisa Mzinda

Kaymakli ndi malo obisika mobisa okhala ndi pansi 8. Iliyonse ya iwo imakhala ndi tunnel ndi zipinda zambiri zomwe kale zimkagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nkhokwe, khitchini, makola ndi nyumba zosungira. Inali ndi makina olowetsera mpweya komanso operekera madzi, inali ndi nyumba zawo zopemphereramo komanso zoumba mbiya. Apa, asayansi adapeza ngalande yayitali yomwe imayenda makilomita 9 ndikulumikiza Kaymakli ndi zokopa zina - malo okhala m'mapanga a Derinkuyu. Amakhulupirira kuti obisika mobisa amatha kukhala ndi anthu pafupifupi 15,000. Masiku ano, alendo aku Kaymakli amaloledwa kuwona malo anayi okhawo mzindawo, koma ndikokwanira kumvetsetsa mikhalidwe yakale yamapanga omwe kale anali okhalamo.

Mzinda wa Derinkuyu mobisa

Mukapita ku mzinda wa Goreme ndi Cappadocia ku Turkey, muyenera kuyang'ana ku Derinkuyu mobisa. Mbiri ya zokopa imayamba m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu BC. Kwa nthawi yayitali, akhristu amabisala mnyumbamo, akuzunzidwa ndi Aluya chifukwa cha zikhulupiriro zawo. Mpaka pano, akatswiri ofukula zakale adakwanitsa kukumba pansi 11, zomwe ndizakuya kwa 85 mita. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti athe kukonza magawo ena 9.

Amakhulupirira kuti anthu okwana 50,000 atha kukhala m'malo omwe amakopa mobisa. Monga ku Kaymakli, kuli mpweya wabwino wokhala ndi shaft ya mita mita, komanso njira yoperekera madzi yomwe idapereka madzi pansi ponse. Lero Derinkuyu ndiye mzinda waukulu kwambiri mobisa ku Turkey.

Valley Pashabag (kapena Chigwa cha Amonke)

Pashabag ndi umodzi mwa zigwa zokongola kwambiri ku Kapadokiya, womwe umatchedwa Chigwa cha Amonke. Zaka mazana mazana ambiri zapitazo, malowa adakhala malo olalikira zachikhristu, ndiye lero mutha kuwona zotsatira za ntchito yawo - mipingo ndi matchalitchi. Nyumba yotchuka kwambiri m'chigwachi ndi tchalitchi cha St. Simeon the Stylite, yemwe adabwera ku Pashabag mzaka za 5th. Kachisiyu ali m'chifanizo chamiyala chokhala ndi zisoti zitatu zooneka ngati kondomu. Mipingo ingapo yapulumuka pano, mkati mwa makoma omwe zithunzi zake zakale zidapulumuka.

Zelve Open Air Museum

Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zomwe mungazione nokha ku Kapadokiya, musaphonye Zelva Historic Site. Kukhazikika koyamba m'makoma a nyumbayi kudawonekera mzaka za 2-5. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 11, akhristu adabwera ku Zelva, yemwe adasandutsa malo ake angapo kukhala mipingo ndi ma cell, ndiye lero mutha kuwona zomwe adapanga pano. Mpaka 1952, mapanga amakhalabe anthu, koma chifukwa chamiyala idagwa, anthu adakakamizidwa kuchoka pamalopo. Kuwonongedwa kwa Zelva kukupitilizabe mpaka pano ndipo kukhala m'makoma ake ndiwowopsa, chifukwa chake, kupita ku nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale kumakhala kochepa. Koma ngakhale kuwunika kwazovuta kuchokera kunja kudzakuthandizani kuti muzindikire kukongola kwake ndi kukula kwake.

Chigwa cha Rose

Uwu ndi umodzi mwa zigwa zotchuka kwambiri ku Kapadokiya ku Turkey, woyandikira pafupi ndi mudzi wa Chavushin. Malowa adatchedwa dzina chifukwa cha pinki yamiyala. Pali zigwa ziwiri m'chigwachi zomwe zimayenderana ndipo zimalumikizana panjira yopita kudera la Aktepe. Chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambira chimakhala cha 2 km, china cha 3 km. Pali mipingo 5 yakale ku Rose Valley, yakale kwambiri ndi Church of Saints Joachim ndi Anna, kuyambira mchaka cha 7th.

Mabuloni otentha ku Kapadokiya

Zosangalatsa zotchuka kwambiri ku Kapadokiya ndizowotcha mpweya wotentha, pomwe alendo amakhala ndi mwayi wapadera wowona malo okhala mwezi kuchokera kutalika kwa pafupifupi 1 km. Maulendo apandege amachitika chaka chonse, koma chiwonetsero chenicheni chakuwononga mpweya chitha kuwonedwa kuno nthawi yotentha, pomwe zombo mpaka 250 zimakwera kumwamba. Ndege zimachitika m'mawa kwambiri mamawa ndipo zimatha mphindi 40 mpaka 90. Zambiri pazamaulendo opumira mpweya zimapezeka m'nkhani yathu yosiyana.

Kokhala

Kukhazikika pafupi ndi Cappadocia ndi mudzi wa Goreme, ndipo ndipamene ambiri mwa mahotelowa amakhala ambiri. Pafupifupi mahotela onse mdera lino alibe nyenyezi, zomwe sizimachepetsa ntchito zawo. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mahotela ambiri amakhala m'miyala, kotero alendo amakhala ndi mwayi wabwino wodziwonera momwe zimakhalira kukhala m'mapanga enieni.

Kusankhidwa kwa mahotela ku Cappadocia ku Turkey ndikolemera kwambiri: ku Goreme kokha mudzapeza mahotela opitilira zana. Mtengo wokhala mchipinda chimodzi patsiku ndi 140 TL pafupifupi. Malo ambiri amakhala ndi chakudya chamadzulo chaulere chonsecho. Zosankha zokhala ndi bajeti zambiri zimawononga 80 TL awiri usiku, okwera mtengo 700 TL.

Mitengo ndi ya Disembala 2018.

Kuphatikiza pa Goreme ku Cappadocia, kuli malo ena akumidzi komwe mutha kubwereka chipinda: Urgup, Uchisar, Ortahisar, Chavushin ndi Avanos. Mtengo wokhala m'midzi iyi umasiyanasiyana pafupifupi pamlingo wofanana ndi mitengo yanyumba ku Goreme.

Pezani Mitengo kapena sungani malo alionse ogwiritsira ntchito fomu iyi

Momwe mungapitire ku Kapadokiya

Pali njira zitatu zopitira ku Kapadokiya ku Turkey: pa ndege, pa basi ndi pawekha m'galimoto yobwereka. Pafupi ndi zokopa pali ma eyapoti awiri - m'mizinda ya Nevsehir ndi Kayseri, komwe ndege zochokera ku Istanbul zimachitika tsiku lililonse. Mutha kuwerenga zambiri zamomwe mungapitire ku Kapadokiya m'nkhani yathu yosiyana.

Yerekezerani mitengo ya malo ogwiritsira ntchito Fomu iyi

Zosangalatsa

Ulendo wanu wopita ku mzinda wa Kapadokiya ku Turkey udzakhala wosangalatsa kwambiri ngati mungadziwe zambiri zosangalatsa za kukopa pasadakhale:

1. Chigawo chonse cha Kapadokiya chatha 5000 km².

2. Ngakhale malo owonera achipululu, malo pano ndi achonde kwambiri: pano pali mphesa zambiri, zomwe zimaperekedwa pafupifupi ku Turkey konse. Njuchi, maapurikoti, nsawawa ndi mbewu zina zimalimanso ku Kapadokiya.
3. Pali nthano yoti anali malo aku Kapadokiya omwe adalimbikitsa wotsogolera George Lucas kuti apange dziko la Tatooine mu Star Wars yotchuka. Kuphatikiza apo, malowa adasinthidwa mobwerezabwereza ngati makanema odziwika ku Hollywood monga Empire of the Wolves ndi Ghost Rider.
4. Anthu ambiri akumaloko akugwiritsabe ntchito mapanga ngati nyumba yawo yokhazikika.
5. Ponseponse, asayansi apeza malo okhala mobisa 36 ku Cappadocia, koma masiku ano ndi atatu okha mwa omwe amapezeka kwa alendo.

Malangizo Othandiza

Kuti ulendo wanu wopita ku Kapadokiya usakhale wovuta, takukonzerani malangizo angapo kutengera zokumana nazo zaomwe amapita kuno.

1. Ngati mukufuna kuwona mwamphamvu zowonera zonse za Kapadokiya, ndiye kuti muyenera masiku osachepera awiri. Ngati muli ndi tsiku limodzi lokha lomwe muli nalo, ndiye kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito kuyendera Goreme Park.
2. Ndibwino kuti mupite nokha ku Kapadokiya osati paulendo. Choyamba, mudzasunga ndalama, ndipo, chachiwiri, nthawi. Mukamayendera malowa, maupangiri amabweretsa alendo kumafakitole a onyx, maswiti ndi makalapeti, zomwe zimachotsera gawo lamkango nthawi yamtengo wapatali.
3. Ngati mupita kukaona zigwa za Kapadokiya, tikukulangizani kuti mudzidziwe bwino malamulo achitetezo am'mapiri. Alendo ambiri amanyalanyaza zikhalidwe zoyambira, zomwe zimawavulaza.

4. Miyezi yabwino yoyendera ku Kapadokiya ndi Meyi, Juni, Seputembara ndi Okutobala. Pakadali pano, sikutentha kwambiri, komanso osati kuzizira, mpweya ndi mitambo kulibe.
5. Ngati mwasankha kuyang'ana ku Kapadokiya kuchokera kubasiketi ya baluni, tengani nthawi yanu kugula ndege kuchokera ku kampani yoyamba yomwe mwakumana nayo. Nthawi zonse zimakhala zopindulitsa kugula tikiti kuchokera ku kampani yomwe ili kale pomwepo, m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito intaneti.

Izi ndiye, mwina, ndi mfundo zazikulu zonse zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa mukamayendera malo owoneka bwino ngati Cappadocia, Turkey. Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhani yathuyi idakuthandizani ndipo ikuthandizani pakukonzekera ulendowu wodziyimira pawokha ku madera akumaloko.

Onerani kanemayo: HOW HAS COVID 19 CHANGED CAPPADOCIA TURKEY? (June 2024).