Orchid yachilendo kwambiri: kufotokoza, chisamaliro ndi chithunzi cha chomeracho

Dracula orchid ndi amodzi mwamtundu wokongola kwambiri komanso wosazolowereka. Dracula ndi Chilatini cha "chinjoka": duwa ili lidatchulidwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe apakale a inflorescence, okumbutsa nkhope ya chinjoka.

Ma orchids awa amakondedwa ndi olima maluwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo achilendo komanso ochititsa chidwi, kuchuluka kwa mithunzi komanso kutha kuphulika pafupifupi chaka chonse. m'nkhaniyi tikambirana za mtundu wa orchid, zamalamulo okula, kubzala, kusamalira ndi kubereka. Onaninso kanema wothandiza pamutuwu.

Kutanthauzira kwa mtundu

Dracula si mtundu umodzi, koma mtundu wonse wa ma orchid, ndipo pali mitundu 123 mmenemo (ena amatcha nambala 126). Dziko lakwawo ndi Ecuador, komwe kumawonekeranso mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yamitundu. Mitundu ina imapezeka ku Mexico ndi ku Peru - iyi ndi malire akumpoto kwambiri komanso akumwera kwenikweni kwa mtunduwo.

Monga ma orchids onse, dracula ndi epiphyte (chomera chomwe chimamangirira kuzomera zina, koma sichimazisandutsa, koma chimachigwiritsa ntchito ngati chithandizo). Komabe, nthawi zambiri imamera pansi. Ma orchid onse amtunduwu amadziwika ndi zimayambira zazifupi, masamba ataliitali komanso mawonekedwe amtundu wamaluwa: ma sepals atatu, osakanikirana m'munsi, okhala ndi zotuluka zazitali kumapeto.

CHENJEZO: Ngakhale lili ndi dzina lasayansi, mtundu ndi milomo yake (petal yosinthidwa mwanjira yapadera) imapatsa maluwa ambiri kufanana osati ndi chinjoka, koma ndi nkhope ya nyani. Chifukwa chake, dzina lachiwiri, losadziwika la dracula ndi nyani orchid.

Chikhalidwe china cha dracula ndi kusowa kwa pseudobulls. (mawonekedwe apadera, ofanana ndi mababu, momwe mbewu za epiphytic zimasungira chinyezi). Mwa zina, ntchito za pseudobulbs zimatengedwa ndimasamba otayirira, otupitsa.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba woimira mtundu wa Dracula adafotokozedwa mu 1870 ndi Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach wa botanist. Maluwa amenewa adadabwitsa wofufuzayo ndi mawonekedwe achilendo, pomwe adalandira dzina loti "chimera". Poyamba, idapatsidwa mtundu wina - Masdevallia, koma mu 1878, pamaziko a zomwe zapezedwa, mtundu wa Dracula udasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wa Masdevallia, ndipo "chimera" adawerengedwa kwa iwo, kulandira dzina lasayansi la Dracula chimaera.

Mtunduwo udagawika m'magulu atatu, pomwe awiriwo ndi amtundu umodzi (wopangidwa ndi mtundu umodzi):

• Dracula sodiroa - imaphatikizapo mitundu yokhayo Dracula sodiroi.
• Dracula xenosia - imaphatikizapo mitundu Dracula xenos.
• Dracula dracula - subgenus iyi imaphatikizapo mitundu ina yonse.

Chithunzi

Kenako, mutha kuwona pachithunzicho momwe orchid ya dracula imawonekera:

"Dracula Sodiroa"

"Dracula Xenosia"

"Dracula Dracula"

Kukula pakhomo

Ma orchids a mtundu wa Dracula amadziwika kwambiri ngati wowonjezera kutentha komanso zomera zamkati.... Olima amawakonda chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo owoneka bwino, kuthekera kwawo kuphuka chaka chonse, komanso chifukwa ndizosavuta kupanga zinthu zabwino za dracula kuposa ma orchid ena ambiri.

CHOFUNIKA: Mwachilengedwe, maluwa awa amakula m'mapiri, mlengalenga mukakhala chinyezi, mpweya wochepa, makamaka kutentha kwa mpweya. Kutentha kotentha kwambiri kwa ma orchids awa ndi 15 C. M'nyengo yotentha, ma draculae amatha kupirira kutentha mpaka + 25 C.

Kusankha mpando

Kusankha malo oyenera ndikofunikira kwambiri monga Ma Dracula orchids amasamala kwambiri dzuwa... M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, amakhala m'munsi mwenimweni mwa nkhalango zotentha, pomwe dzuwa sililowera, choncho dzuwa lowala kwambiri limatha kuwotcha maluwa awa - mawonekedwe owotchera adzawonekera pamasamba. Komabe, ngati malowa ndi amdima kwambiri, maluwawo sangaphulike.

Njira yabwino pamitundu iyi ndiyopepuka kapena mthunzi pang'ono. Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti awaike kumazenera akum'mawa kapena kumwera chakum'mawa. Zakumpoto ndizoyeneranso, koma nthawi yophukira-nthawi yachisanu ma orchid omwe ali pamawindo akumpoto adzasowa kuwala, ndipo muyenera kusamalira kuyatsa kopangira. Zakumwera sizikulimbikitsidwa - chomeracho chidzawotcha masamba ndikuuma. Ngati palibe njira ina, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti chomeracho chisapitirire mita kuchokera pawindo ndikuphimba ndi tulle.

Kutsika

Monga gawo lokhala ndi maluwa amenewa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito khungwa losalala bwino la mitengo ya coniferous ndi peat, utuchi, makala, komanso koposa zonse - sphagnum moss, amoyo kapena owuma. Kusakaniza kumeneku kumayikidwa muzitsulo zamatabwa kapena pulasitiki. Ma orchids amathanso kulimidwa mu sphagnum yoyera... Mukamauma, moss ayenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi ofewa, makamaka madzi amvula.

Chinyezi chamlengalenga

Madera amakulidwe achilengedwe amadziwika ndi mvula pafupipafupi komanso nkhungu zowirira. Chifukwa chake, maluwa awa amafunika chinyezi chamlengalenga - kuyambira 60% ndi kupitilira apo, abwino ndi 80-85%. Kuti muonjezere chinyezi cha mlengalenga pafupi ndi mbewu, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chopangira chinyezi kapena kukonza matayala okhala ndi dongo lonyowa.

Kuthirira

Kuthirira maluwa amenewa kumafuna madzi ofewa, opanda chlorine ndi laimu. Mvula, kusungunuka, kapena madzi osungunuka ndi abwino kwambiri, koma ngati simungathe kuwapeza, 1: 1 osakaniza madzi apampopi osungunuka komanso wokhazikika, kapena madzi ampopi osankhidwa.

Ulamuliro wothirira mwachindunji umadalira kutentha kwa mpweya komanso kuchuluka kwa kuwunikira. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chomeracho sichimangotenga chinyezi, komanso chimachokeranso pamwamba pamasamba. Kutentha kwabwino kwa orchid kuyambira 15 mpaka 22 C, pafupifupi chinyezi chofanana chimasanduka momwe chimayamwa. Koma ndikutentha, njirayi imasokonekera: kutuluka kwamadzi kumayendetsedwa, ndipo kuyamwa kumatsika. choncho m'nyengo yotentha, orchid imafunikira kuthirira pafupipafupi komanso kupangira chinyezi.

Gawo lomwe maluwa amakula liyenera kukhala lonyowa. Komabe, ngati mukukula ma orchid m'miphika, palibe chifukwa chake madzi sayenera kukhazikika pansi pamphika womwewo kapena poto - izi zimapangitsa kuti mizu ndi zovunda zizivunda.

Zovala zapamwamba

Ma orchids a Dracula amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mchere, womwe umapezeka kwambiri mu feteleza. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kudyetsa maluwawa mosamala, kuthira mankhwala omwe akuwonetsedwa phukusi kawiri kapena kanayi. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza okhawo omwe amalembedwa kuti "orchids", osapangidwira nthaka, koma gawo lomwe amakula nthawi zambiri.

Tumizani

Ma orchids a Dracula safuna kubzala nthawi zambiri... Ayenera kuziika pokhapokha gawo lapansi litapatsidwa mchere kapena chomeracho chakula kwambiri.

Pachimake

Mitundu yonse ya ma orchids a dracula, osamalidwa bwino, amatha kufalikira chaka chonse. Maluwa amenewa safunika kukhala nthawi yayitali kapena nyengo yapadera pakakhala maluwa. Ngati ndi kotheka, mutha kulimbikitsa maluwa mwa "kusiyanasiyana kwa kutentha" - ndikupanga zinthu zomwe kusiyana pakati pa kutentha kwa usana ndi usiku kumakhala madigiri 3-5 (usiku kutentha kuyenera kukhala kotsika). Pambuyo maluwa, m'pofunika kuchotsa kuyanika kwa peduncle. Nthawi zina pamafunika kubzala mbewu.

Kubereka

Ma orchids amabala mbewu zambiri, koma ndizovuta kwambiri kumera kunyumba. Ma orchids nthawi zambiri amafalikira m'masamba - kulekanitsa gawo ndi chomera chachikulire... Magawo akuyenera kuyanika kwa maola 12-20, oviikidwa mu malasha osweka, pambuyo pake atha kubzalidwa mu chidebe china.

Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

Tsoka ilo, ma orchids a dracula amatengeka ndi matenda ambiri, komanso "amakopa" tizilombo tambiri. Ndizosatheka kuwalemba onse - pali tizirombo zoposa 90 ta ma orchid, kuyambira nsabwe za m'masamba mpaka matenda a mafangasi.

Komabe, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a maluwawa ziyenera kutchulidwa:

1. Thrips Ndiwo tizilombo toopsa kwambiri. Chomera chomwe chimakhudzidwa ndi ma thrips sichingathe kuyambiranso. Pofuna kuteteza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chomeracho chiyenera kupopera nthawi ndi nthawi ndi kulowetsedwa kwa adyo.
2. Ntchentche zoyera khazikikani pa masamba ndikuyika mphutsi zawo pa iwo. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa sagonjetsedwa ndi poizoni, choncho ndibwino kuchotsa mphutsi ndi dzanja ndikupopera maluwa ndi calendula kulowetsedwa.
3. Aphid amadyetsa zitsamba zamasamba, "kuyamwa" duwa. Nsabwe za m'masamba zimachotsedwanso bwino ndi dzanja ndi swab ya thonje yothiridwa m'madzi a sopo.
4. Matenda a fungal ma orchids nawonso ndiofala. Amathandizidwa ndi fungicides yapadera ya zomera. Mukamalandira chithandizo, chomeracho chimayenera kukhala kutali ndi enawo.

Onetsetsani mosamala momwe mungasungire orchid, ndipo idzakusangalatsani ndi maluwa odabwitsa chaka chonse!

Onerani kanema wonena zakukula ndi kusamalira maluwa a Dracula: