Timasunga duwa. Chifukwa chiyani masamba a hoya amatembenukira chikasu ndikugwa, ndi matenda ena ati omwe alipo komanso momwe angachitire ndi tizirombo?

Hoya (wax ivy) ndi liana wobiriwira nthawi zonse wochokera kubanja la Grimaceae. Idatchedwa dzina lake polemekeza wolima dimba waku England a Thomas Hoy. Zonsezi, pali mitundu yoposa 200 ya chomerachi. Mumikhalidwe yachilengedwe, hoya imamera m'malo otsetsereka amiyala, mitengo yoluka. Malo achilengedwe - Australia, India, kumwera kwa China. Kwa nyengo yathu, hoya ndi zokongoletsa zomwe zimatha kubzalidwa kunyumba kapena m'malo otenthetsa. Tidzazindikira chifukwa chake masamba a maluwa akunyumba amasanduka achikasu kumunsi ndikugwa, kuwonetsa chithunzi, komanso kukuwuzani zoyenera kuchita kuchipatala.

Chifukwa chiyani duwa silikula?

Chifukwa chodziwika kwambiri chochedwetsa kapena kudodometsa kukula ndi ukadaulo wokula mosayenera kapena kusowa chisamaliro choyenera.

Zolakwitsa wamba mukamakula hoya:

• Mphika wosalongosoka.
• Kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe kukubwera. Hoya amakonda kuyatsa kowala. Koma nthawi yomweyo, simuyenera kuchita mopitirira muyeso, chifukwa dzuwa limawotcha pamasamba ake.
• Kuthirira kumayenera kuchitika kawirikawiri, pokhapokha nthaka itauma.
• Nthaka. Thupi lanyama, lotayirira ndiloyenera kukula.

Tinakambirananso za chifukwa chomwe hoya sichiphuka komanso zoyenera kuchita pankhaniyi. Werengani za izi m'nkhani ina.

Ndi mavuto ati omwe alipo komanso choti tichite kuti tiwathetse?

Mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa chosamalidwa bwino amapunthwa kapena kukula, kukula kwa masamba. Kuphatikizanso kumawonekera pamasamba, amapindika ndikuuma. Zizindikiro zina zimadalira matendawa.

Matenda: kufotokoza	Zomwe zidapangitsa?	Chithandizo
Masamba amasanduka achikasu	Kawirikawiri chikasu kumunsi kumawoneka pomwe muzu umawola, ndikusowa kwa michere. Kutsekemera m'mphepete mwake ndi chizindikiro cha kuthirira kosayenera kapena kuthirira ndi madzi opopera olimba, kuyanika kwa nthawi yayitali m'nthaka. Mawanga achikaso ndi chizindikiro chakuti hoya watenthedwa ndi dzuwa.	Kupeza chifukwa chenicheni ndikuwonetsetsa kuti achire. Kupopera mankhwala okhala ndi mkuwa kapena mankhwala okonzekera prophylaxis (yofooka yankho la Epin, Fitoverma).
Masamba amagwa	Chinyezi chowonjezera. Kusankha malo olakwika. Mpweya wouma komanso wotentha.	Sunthani chomeracho pamalo otentha. Kuthirira ndi madzi ofewa kutentha. Dyetsani nthaka ndi feteleza woyenera (Gumi-20 Universal kapena ma analogs).
Masamba amafota Nthawi zambiri izi ndi zotsatira za kufota kwa bakiteriya.	Wothandizira amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zoyambitsa: kuyatsa koyipa; kukula kwa mphika; nyengo yotentha; kudula ma peduncles; kusowa madzi kapena chakudya.	Kusintha kwa mndende. Chithandizo ndi mkuwa wokhala ndi kukonzekera.
Mafangayi	Chifukwa bowa wa phytopathogenic. Matendawa amapezeka pamene: kuthirira mopitirira muyeso; chinyezi chapamwamba; madzi osauka; chinyezi chokhazikika; kuthirira kuzizira.	Tumizani chomeracho mumphika watsopano komanso woyera. Kuwonjezera nthaka yatsopano. Kutsata pafupipafupi kuthirira. Chithandizo ndi kukonzekera kwapadera (Fundazol, Topaz).
Wowola wofiirira	Amayambitsa bowa Botrytis. Matenda amawoneka opanda mpweya wabwino komanso chinyezi chambiri, ngati chomeracho ndi chopanikizika kapena pagawo loumbika.	Kuteteza khungu kwa zida ndi nthaka. Kuwulutsa pafupipafupi kwa chipinda, kutentha. Kuunikira kwabwino kwa chomeracho. Njira yomaliza ndi mankhwala azamankhwala. Awa ndi 1% Bordeaux madzi kapena 0.5% yankho la Kaptan.
Powdery mildew	Wothandizirayo ndi bowa wa powdery mildew. Zowopsa: mpweya wonyowa; nayitrogeni owonjezera; kutentha kumatsika.	Kuchotsa magawo omwe akhudzidwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kwapadera (Topaz, Tiovit) ndi fungicides. Kukhathamira kwa dothi ndi manganese, zinc, sulfure.

Tizirombo ndi njira zothanirana nawo

Tizilombo tambiri tomwe timakhala ngati parasitic titha kuwononga hoya... Zizindikiro za matenda zimatha kufanana, njira zowongolera zitha kukhala zofananira. Ndiye tizirombo tomwe timakhala ndi hoya?

Whitefly

Ndi kachilombo komwe kamawoneka ngati njenjete. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa chomeracho sikumayambitsidwa ndi achikulire, koma ndi mphutsi, chifukwa maziko a chakudya chawo ndi msuzi wa masamba.

Zifukwa za mawonekedwe ndi kutentha ndi chinyezi chambiri. Kutentha kochepera kuposa madigiri 10 kupitirira zero kumatengedwa ngati koopsa kwa tizilombo, koma mphutsi zimapulumuka ngakhale nthawi yozizira.

Chotsani whitefly m'njira zovuta.

Njira zowongolera Whitefly:

1. Buku kusonkhanitsa tizilombo. Pukutani mbaleyo ndi cholembera cha thonje kapena wamsuwachi, popeza munaziyala kale m'madzi a sopo.
2. Maphikidwe a anthu.
   • Fukani nthaka mumphika ndi phulusa, perekani hoya ndi yankho la adyo (100 g pa madzi okwanira 1 litre, kusiya kwa masiku asanu, kuchepetsani ndi madzi musanakonze).
   • Chithandizo china chowerengera ndikulowetsedwa kwa dandelion: tengani 50 g ya mizu ndi masamba owuma, onjezerani 3-4 malita amadzi, siyani maola 5. Kupsyinjika musanapopera mankhwala.
3. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Uyu ndi Confidor, Aktellik, Aktara. Mlingowu ukuwonetsedwa phukusi, sankhani voliyumu yopopera mbewu zokongoletsera.

Zikande

Tizilombo tomwe thupi lake limakutidwa ndi sera. Kukula kwapakati pa anthu ndi 2-5 mm. Mphutsi zimadzaza chomera chonsecho, dziphatikize masamba ndi tsinde. Chifukwa chomwe tizirombo timawonekera ndikutentha komanso kutentha kwambiri.

Njira zowononga nyongolotsi:

• Kuyeretsa pamanja. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kusungunula thonje mumowa ndikupukuta chomeracho pomwe nyongolotsi idawonekera.
• Maphikidwe a anthu. Awa ndi madzi a sopo, madzi osungunuka a anyezi kapena adyo, kulowetsedwa kwa khungu la zipatso. Zogulitsazo zimakhala ndi fungo lonunkhira lomwe limasokoneza nyongolotsi.
• Amagwiritsanso ntchito mankhwala apadera: Actrata, Confidor-maxi, Mospilan.

Kangaude wofiira

Amawonekera m'zipinda zopanda mpweya wabwino. Amakhala kumbuyo kwa masamba, tsamba la tsamba limakutidwa ndi mawanga achikasu. Chofunika kwambiri ndi ndodo.

Njira zowononga tizilombo:

1. Kuti mumasule hoya ku kangaude, choyamba muyenera kutsuka masamba ake ndi madzi ofunda sopo.
2. Chotsani gawo limodzi la mbeu zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi tizilombo.
3. Thirani ndikuphimba chomeracho ndi cellophane, siyani masiku atatu.
4. Mankhwala othandiza motsutsana ndi nkhupakupa ndi Neoron, Apollo ndi Sunamandla.

Ma Nematode

Izi ndi nyongolotsi zowonekera, zomwe kutalika kwake kumakhala masentimita 1. Mukadwala, ziphuphu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimawonekera pamizu - ma nematode amakhala ndikuchulukirachulukira mkati mwa ziphuphuzi. Pakakhala matenda ambiri, muzuwo umafanana ndi gulu la mphesa.

Chifukwa chomwe mizu ya nematode imawonekera ndikuthirira: tizilombo timafalikira ku chomera chatsopano kuchokera kwa yemwe ali ndi kachilombo kudzera m'madzi.

Momwe mungathetsere tizilombo:

1. Njira yokhayo yothandiza ndikubwezeretsanso.
2. Wothandizira mankhwala omenyera nkhondoyi ndi Ecogel. Choyipa chake ndi chakuti sichipha tizilomboto, koma chimangochepetsa kubereka kwake. Munthawi imeneyi, chomeracho chimazika mizu ndikukula.
3. Kupewa mawonekedwe a nyongolotsi - kusintha ndi kuthira nthaka, kuyika mphika. Komanso, popewa, mutha kuwonjezera zipolopolo za mtedza kapena masamba a marigold panthaka.

Podura

Dzina lina ndi kasupe... M'malo mwake, tizilombo timeneti si tizirombo, ndiotetezeka kubzala mbewu. Koma simukuyenera kuwasiya pa hoya. Ndi anthu ambiri, podura imabweretsa mavuto ambiri.

Nthaka nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi shuga wocheperako yemwe samawoneka ndi diso laumunthu ndipo sawononga chomeracho. Kuwonjezeka kwa anthu kumachitika pazifukwa izi: kuchepa kwamadzi ndi kupanga matope pamwamba, mbali za hoya zidayamba kuvunda.

Momwe mungachotsere:

1. Pachizindikiro choyamba, muyenera kuyanika nthaka, ndikuwaza ndi fumbi kapena laimu.
2. Mankhwala a tizilombo. Bazudin, Pochin (kufalitsa timadziti pamwamba ndi kochepa thupi), Mospilan, Aktara.

Aphid

Izi ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta mitundu yosiyanasiyana (ndi lalanje, imvi, wakuda). Zomwe zimawonekerazo ndizomera zoyandikira kapena nthaka yoyambukiridwa. Komanso, zazikazi zamapiko zimatha kuwuluka kulowa mchipinda kudzera pazenera lotseguka.

Zithandizo:

• Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sichilekerera fungo la geranium. Iyi ndi njira yosavuta yochotsera tizilombo.
• Ngati geranium palibe, tsukani masamba ndi madzi a sopo.
• Kupopera mankhwala. Anadulidwa anyezi, adyo, masamba a phwetekere atsanulira madzi okwanira 1 litre, kusiya maola 6-8, kukhetsa, kutsitsi. Njira ina ndi yankho la fodya (kutsanulira madzi otentha pamasamba atsopano).
• Mndandanda wa mankhwala othandiza umaphatikizapo Confidor, Fitoverm, Engio, Actellik.

Thrips

Izi ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, mtundu wa thupi womwe umafanana ndi mtundu wa masamba (obiriwira, achikasu), chifukwa chake ndizosatheka kuzizindikira. Chofunikira pakuwoneka ndi mpweya wouma.

Timachotsa moyenera:

1. Patulani chomeracho.
2. Kuti muchotse tiziromboti, muyenera kupukuta magawo onse a hoya ndi sopo wamadzi komanso wochapa zovala.
3. Kuchokera ku njira zowerengeka, zonunkhira za zipatso, adyo kapena anyezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
4. Kuchokera kumankhwala - Fitoverm, Engio, Aktara, Aktellik.

Chishango

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa, koma zonsezi zimawononga chomeracho. Tiziromboti timayamwa madziwo kuchokera ku hoya, pambuyo pake pamakhala zotsatira zofananira ndi zilonda zina za tizilombo - masamba amatembenukira achikasu, owuma ndikugwa.

Zifukwa zowonekera kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndizofooka chitetezo cha hoya, kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni m'nthaka, mpweya wouma, kuthirira kosayenera, kuwunikira kokwanira.

Momwe mungachotsere tiziromboti:

1. Kuti muchotse tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, muyenera kuzichotsa pamasamba.
2. Ndiye muzimutsuka ndi madzi ndi mankhwala kulowetsedwa anyezi ndi adyo

Mwa mankhwalawa, Aktara ndi Aktofit ndioyenera.

Chithunzi

Pansipa mutha kuwona momwe hoya amawonekera ndimavuto osiyanasiyana.
Masamba akugwa ndi achikasu:

Kuvunda imvi:

Powdery cinoni:

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda:

Mapeto

Chifukwa chake, tsopano mupeza chifukwa chake maluwawo ali ndi matenda komanso zoyenera kuchita, mwachitsanzo, masamba akakhala achikaso.

Hoya ndi yabwino kukulira m'nyumba (mutha kudziwa ngati ndizotheka kusunga sera kunyumba, komanso kuwona chithunzi cha chomeracho, apa, ndipo munkhaniyi mupeza zinsinsi zonse zobzala mbewu kunyumba). Sichifuna chisamaliro chokhazikika komanso chokhazikika. Maluwa abwino, ndikwanira kubzala mbewu pamalo oyenera ndikutsatira malamulo osamalitsa: madzi molondola, penyani kuwunika koyenera. kumbukirani, izo kuphwanya kulikonse kumafooketsa hoyakuyambitsa matenda kapena tizilombo.