Mitundu yotchuka ya koleria wamba komanso wotsikirapo, komanso malamulo owasamalira
Coleria ndi wa a Genserians, m'mbuyomu amatchedwa Tydea.
Dziko lakwawo la chomera lili kumapiri akumwera ndi pakati pa America.
Swiss Michel Kohler, wasayansi yachilengedwe, adatcha dzina lomweli m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi.
Kuyambira pamenepo, Tropicana wowala komanso wowoneka bwino walowa munyumba ndi minda molimba mtima ngati chomera chokongoletsera.
Mitundu
Muzu wa coleria umawoneka ngati babu wokhala ndi mamba, ndipo maluwa amafanana ndi mabelu, masamba ake omwe ali ndi madontho ndi zikwapu. Masamba ake pamwamba pake amakhala okutidwa ndi fluff. Mtundu wa mabelu, kukula kwa chomeracho, mtundu wa m'mphepete, ndi zina zotero - zonsezi ndizosiyana mitundu yamitundu, yomwe imagawidwa ndikusankhidwa ndi mayina ena.
Pali mitundu pafupifupi makumi asanu yazomera kapena pang'ono pang'ono, ndipo nyengo yabwino imatha kuphuka pafupifupi chaka chonse. Zomera zazing'ono zimaphuka ndi mphukira imodzi, pomwe akulu amatulutsa maluwa awiri kapena asanu.
Duwa lirilonse limamasula ndi belu-chubu, likuwonjezera kukongola ndi kusazolowereka kwa chomera chowala komanso chosiyanacho. Mwa mitundu yonse yamitundu mitundu, pafupifupi mitundu khumi mitundu imakula kunyumba. Izi makamaka ndimitundu yosakanizidwa, yowolowa manja maluwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Makina amtunduwu amaimiridwa ndimayendedwe ofiira, lalanje, ma coral ndi burgundy ndi mitundu yawo yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza.
Mapuloteni otulutsa chubu kapena akulu
Mitunduyi imapezeka m'malo otentha aku Colombiya komanso ku Costa Rican. Chimakula ndi wopitilira theka la mita, ukufalikira ndi maluwa amoto, ofiira ndi lalanje, modzaza modzaza ndi masamba ataliatali ooneka ngati oval, omwe pamwamba pake amakhala obiriwira mdima wandiweyani, komanso mkati mwake ndi ofiira. Maluwawo ndi achikulire msinkhu, 2-2.5 aliyense.
Anayankha
Nkhalango zaku Colombiya ndizomwe zimakhala. Masamba ake onse ndi mphukira zake zimakutidwa ndi mphonje zowoneka ngati ulusi wambiri woyera kwambiri. Masambawo, okhala ndi kakulidwe kakang'ono ka tchire, amakhala akulu, lanceolate, mpaka masentimita angapo m'litali, mpaka 12 cm mulifupi. Ma petioles, omwe masamba ake amaphatikizidwa ndi tsinde, ndi achidule.
Kohleria digitaliflora imamasula ndi maluwa asanu, omwe amakhala pama axillary inflorescence... Thubhu yapa corolla ndi yoyera, ndikusintha kwakapinki kumtunda, pafupifupi masentimita atatu m'litali. Maluwa ndi akulu, matchulidwe oyera amapambana. Kuchokera mkati, pharynx imakhala yobiriwira komanso yofiirira, yamtundu wa madontho. Maluwa otentha kwambiri amapezeka kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi gawo loyamba lachitatu la nthawi yophukira. Monga mtundu wokwanira, mtundu wa foxglove sunatchulidwe, chifukwa mphukira zolimba zimasokoneza kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mbewuyo.
Lindeniana kapena otsika
Habitat - mapiri okongola ku Ecuador. Mphukira imavala m'mbali yoyera, masamba a lanceolate amakhala masentimita asanu ndi awiri m'litali, mpaka masentimita angapo mulifupi. Mdima wandiweyani, wobiriwira masamba obiriwira pamwamba pake ndi utoto wobiriwira wobiriwira komanso wonyezimira wa mitsempha, ndipo mkati mwake mumakhala ndi utoto wonyezimira. Kutalika kwa chitsamba sikudzaposa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mita.
Ma peduncles amafika masentimita asanu ndi limodzi ndipo amatseguka m'matchimo amodzi kapena angapo momwe masamba amawonekera. Maluwawo ndi ang'onoang'ono, mabelu amakhala pafupifupi sentimita imodzi. Chitoliro chimakongoletsedwa ndi m'mphepete mwayera komanso mkati mwake chachikaso.
Pharynx ndi yoyera ndi utoto wonyezimira, ndipo pali zikwapu zofiirira pamagulu opindidwa. Kutalika kwa maluwa kumachitika mu theka loyamba la nthawi yophukira mpaka pakati. Mbali yapadera ndi fungo labwino kwambiri komanso losiyana.,
Amabilis, ndi wabwino
Mapiri aku Colombia ndiye malo achilengedwe a Coleria otsika. Amakula makamaka pamtunda wa mamita 800 pamwamba pa nyanja. Mphukira zobiriwira ndi zofiira, atavala zoyera, amatambasula mpaka masentimita makumi awiri pansi pazikhalidwe, ndipo m'malo abwino amatha kukula mpaka masentimita makumi asanu ndi limodzi.
Ma petioles ndi 2.5 cm, pamiyalayo pamakhala masamba ovoid, omwe adakonzedwa moyang'anizana, pafupifupi masentimita asanu ndi awiri mpaka khumi m'litali ndi atatu m'lifupi. Zili zojambula pamwamba pamtundu wobiriwira wakuda wobiriwira kapena wobiriwira wobiriwira wokhala ndi zikwapu zofiirira, mkati mwa tsamba ndikopepuka poyerekeza ndi kamvekedwe kake.
Maluwa amtundu wa Axillary amaphimbidwa ndi kutulutsa kofewa panja, chubu mu corolla ndi pinki. Khosi limayera, pamiyendo pamakhala mawanga ofiira kwambiri, a carmine kapena kapezi. Mtundu wokongola umamasula pafupifupi chaka chathunthu.
Hirsuta kapena waubweya
Malo achilengedwe - Central America. Ndi tchire lomwe limakula bwino lokhala ndi ma ovoid, masamba osongoka pang'ono, okutidwa ndi m'mphepete mofiira mkati ndi m'malire.
Masamba ake amakhala ndi mkuwa wamkuwa, ndipo maluwawo ndi owotcha kunja ndi dzuwa lachikasu lokhala ndi mabala ofiira mkati. Maluwawo amafotokozedwa ndi mzere wachikaso m'mbali mwake. Mitundu yoyambirira imapanga mtundu wamtundu uwu makamaka wokongoletsa.
Eriantha kapena fluffy
Amakula ku Mexico. Chitsambacho chimakula pafupifupi masentimita 45, masamba ake obiriwira obiriwira kapena a emerald amakhala atavala zokutira zokutira pang'ono pabira pang'ono pamalire. Coleria amamasula ndi mabelu akulu, ojambulidwa ndi mawu ofiira ndi lalanje, okhala ndi maubweya oyera, obiriwira kapena achikasu.
Bogotensis kapena Bogotan
Dothi lamiyala la nkhalango ku North America ndi kwawo kwa Bogotan Coleria. Masamba obiriwira kapena obiriwira, masamba, mpaka masentimita 7.5 kutalika mpaka 3.5 cm mulifupi, amafanana ndi mitima, komanso amakhala ndi malire m'mphepete mwake. Ndizosangalatsa kuti pubescence imayenda pamitsempha. Pamwamba pa tsamba ndikuda kwambiri kuposa mkati. Kutalika kwa chitsamba kumafika masentimita makumi asanu ndi limodzi. Mphukira ndiyokwera, popanda nthambi.
Mu Julayi, imamasula ndi masamba ofiira achikaso-dzuwa ndi mabanga a kamvekedwe ka burgundy ndipo amamasula mpaka nthawi yophukira. Ma peduncles ndi aatali kwambiri, m'mphepete mwake, corolla imakutidwanso mu velvet villi. Pakati pa chilimwe, Bogotá koleriya imapanga maluwa ozungulira, mainchesi 2.5 masentimita, omwe amakula amodzi kapena awiriawiri.
Payipiyo, yofiira lalanje m'munsi, yokhala ndi utoto wofiyira pang'ono m'litali, imakutidwa ndi ulusi wandiweyani wakunja. Kuchokera mkati, ndiyosalala komanso yachikaso, ndimikwapu yofiira ndi timadontho. Nthawi yamaluwa imatha kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira.
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono, pokhudzana ndi kutalika kwa chitsamba.
Kufotokozera ndi zithunzi za mitundu
Mitundu yosankha ya koleria imayimiriridwa ndimitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ali yolimbana ndi mitanda yolunjika kwambiri ndipo imadzichepetsa kuzinthu zapakhomo... Momwemonso, kulima mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazokongola kumadera otentha kunyumba sikusiyana, mitundu ya malo ogulitsira sikutanthauza njira yapadera.
Flashdance
Coleria Flashdance adabadwa mu 2001 ndi woweta wochokera ku Sweden - Susanne Hvegholm.
Zokometsera zapinki zapinki zokhala ndi chikasu chachikasu zimakhala ndi mabala ofiira ofiira. Khungu lofiira lowala limathamanga m'mphepete mwa duwa. Masambawo ndi obiriwira pang'ono.
Jester
Mitunduyi idapangidwa mu 1982 ndi woweta P. Worley. Adapangidwa ndikudutsa mitundu iwiri ya colerias Amabilis Bogotensis ndi Eriantha /
Pa tsinde lolunjika, lolimba lomwe lili ndi masamba obiriwira, obiriwira, ndikusiya mawu amkuwa, mabelu oyera oyera amamasula pansi ndi ofiira amdima kutalika kwa chubu... Pamiyendo, pamakhala pamakhala yoyera potulutsa magazi owoneka ofiira. Mikwingwirima yakuda ya pinki imathandizira mtundu wa phale. Maluwa owala kwambiri amatsindika ndikuti mawanga amaphatikizika ndikumenyedwa, kuphatikiza kuphatikizika ndi mawonekedwe amtundu.
Masamba amatsetsereka pansi, m'mbali mwake ndi m'mbali. Chitsamba chomwecho ndi chaching'ono, koma chimamasula kwambiri.
Karl Lindberg
Coleria Karl Lindbergh ndi imodzi mwamitundu yakuda kwambiri. Machubu akuda kwambiri a lavender, monga velvet, amatsekedwa ndi khosi loyera ndi masamba opepuka oyera pamiyendo, okhala ndi mabala ofiira a burgundy, akukhathamira kumunsi kupita ku mzere wopingasa wopitilira chubu.
Mfumukazi victoria
Mfumukazi ya Kolleria Victoria ndimaluwa osakhwima bwino omwe ali ndi maluwa akulu akulu, pang'ono apinki. Mtundu wa pinki umakwezedwa ndi khosi loyera, masamba okhala ndi zotupa ndi madontho akuda a beetro okhala ndi zipsinjo zapinki. Masamba amapendekera pansi, mumtundu wakuda wobiriwira.
Chofiyira chofiira
Machubu akulu akulu ofiira ofiira okhala ndi khosi loyera ndi masamba. Miyezi wandiweyani ndi madontho amdima wamatcheri akuda ndi maluwa ofiira amdima amawoneka osangalatsa. Masamba otsetsereka pansi, mtundu wa mdima wandiweyani wobiriwira.
Kuzungulira
Mabelu owala a lalanje ndi ofiira okhala ndi pakhosi loyera kwambiri loyera komanso masamba okhala ndi zotupa m'miyendo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zopopera za pinki-fuchsia zolemera mosiyanasiyana ndipo zimapangidwa ndi masamba obiriwira. Chomeracho ndi chophatikizana komanso chowala.
Kalapeti waku Persian wa SRG
Idapangidwa mu 2013 ndi woweta S. Saliba. Persian Carpet amatanthauza kapeti yaku Persian. Coleria ndi yolemera kwambiri komanso yokongola ngati mawonekedwe akum'mawa.
Maluwa akulu, velvety osavuta, mawu ofiira ofiira okhala ndi khosi lachikaso loyera. Miyendo ya chikasu cha dzuwa imakongoletsedwa ndi nandolo zazikulu zofiira ndipo imakutidwa ndi kapezi kakang'ono kakang'ono ka pinki wakuda. Mawanga a halo wachikaso amawoneka owala, makamaka akuwala ndi kunyezimira kwa dzuwa.
Masamba otambalala mumtundu wobiriwira wamdima wokhala ndi malire ofiyira amathandizira kupanganaku. Chimamasula kwambiri, ndipo tchire palokha ndilophatikizana, limakula ngati kapu yobiriwira.
Dzuwa
Maluwa akulu achikaso, okhala ndi timiyala tofiira ndi zikwapu zomwe zimawala ngati cheza chochokera ku gorlyshka. Masamba obiriwira pang'ono. Chomeracho ndi chaching'ono, chosonkhanitsidwa, mtundu wake ndi wochuluka kwambiri.
Malamulo oyambira
Kuunikira ndi malo
Chomeracho ndi chojambula kwambiri, koma kuwala kwa dzuwa m'nyengo yotentha kumatha kuvulaza. Zingakhale bwino kuyika mphika ndi chomera pafupi ndi zenera lakum'mawa kapena lakumadzulo nthawi yachilimwe, komanso nthawi yozizira - pafupi ndi kumwera.
- Ngati sizingatheke kukonzanso mphikawo kuchokera kumwera chakumwera nthawi yotentha, ndiye kuti kumeta ndi nsalu ndikofunikira.
- Ngati m'miyezi yozizira sikutheka kuyika mtundu pafupi ndi zenera lakumwera, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kupanga chowunikira china chowonjezera pogwiritsa ntchito phyto-babu kapena kuyatsa kwa fulorosenti.
- Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa kuwala, mtundu wa utoto sungapereke utoto, ndipo ukakhala wowala mopitirira muyeso udzauma ndikukhala wachikaso.
Kutentha
Coleria sakonda kutentha. M'nyengo yachilimwe ndi chilimwe, kutentha kwa + 20-25 ° C kumakonda, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira kumakhala madigiri asanu mpaka asanu, amakhala ndi zaka 12, koma izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti akhale ndi thanzi labwino. Coleria imatha kupirira kutentha, koma kwa kanthawi kochepa, ndipo kutentha kotentha kumatha kufa mosavuta.
Choipa kwambiri pazomera izi ndikutulutsa ndi kusintha kwa kutentha. Pachifukwa ichi, ndizosavomerezeka kusiya zojambula pazenera nthawi yachisanu panthawi yolowera. M'nthawi yotentha, amakonda kukhala panja, kuti mumutumize bwino kukhonde kapena kumuika m'munda.
Zofunika! Pakatentha kuposa + 25 ° C, masambawo amadzuka ndipo kukula kotere kumachitika kotero kuti mizu imatha kulimbana ndi ntchito yodyetsa mphukira mokwanira. Zotsatira zake, koleria imakhala yolemera komanso yosakhazikika, imasokoneza maluwa. Chovomerezeka kwambiri panthawiyi ndi kutentha kwa + 20 ° C.
Chinyezi
Amakonda malo ozizira kwambiri, opitilira 60%, koma amakhalabe ndi nyengo yozizira. Komabe, simuyenera kukulitsa vutoli poika mphika wazomera pafupi ndi makina otenthetsera.
Ndibwino kuti mupange zowonjezera zowonjezera chinyezi kuzungulira koleria, kuyika miyala kapena kukulitsa dothi mozungulira mbaleyo ndi madzi ndikuyika miyala kapena dongo lowonjezeka poto wakuya, ndikumawanyowetsa ndi madzi nthawi zonse. Kungakhale bwino kuyika chopangira chinyezi pafupi nacho.
Muthanso kupopera malo ozungulira duwa, koma osati maluwawo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti tsamba lamasamba lotsekemera limatchera madontho amadzi, chifukwa chake, likauma, limapanga mawanga oyera omwe amawononga mawonekedwe. Pachifukwa chomwechi, amagwiritsa ntchito madzi ofewa komanso opopera abwino kwambiri. Kuwonjezeka kwa chinyezi ndikofunikira makamaka mchilimwe, ndipo nthawi yomwe nyumbayo ili ndi nyengo youma kwambiri, chifukwa cha kutenthedwa, ndiye m'nyengo yozizira.
Kuthirira
Kutentha kumafunika nthawi zonse komanso zambiri, koma osati mopitirira muyeso. Chizindikiro chothirira ndi kuyanika kuchokera kumtunda kwa dziko lapansi. Kuwotcha kwathunthu kwa dothi losakanikirana mumphika sikuvomerezeka, komanso kuchepa kwa madzi mumphika, zifukwa izi zitha kupha koleria. Ngalande ayenera kukhetsa madzi owonjezera. Abwino kuthirira thireyi lakuya - kuchokera pansi.
M'nyengo yozizira, njira yothira nthaka ndi theka. Pafupifupi, mchilimwe ndi masika, amathiriridwa masiku anayi aliwonse, ndipo kugwa masiku aliwonse a 7-12, komanso nyengo yachisanu milungu itatu kapena inayi iliyonse.
Feteleza
Chomeracho sichikonda kudya kwambiri. Njira zothetsera mchere zimadyetsedwa koleriya kuyambira kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira mpaka koyambirira kwa nthawi yophukira, kamodzi milungu iwiri iliyonse. Gwiritsani ntchito mavalidwe amchere ponseponse pazomera zapakhomo, yankho lokhalo limapangidwa lofooka kawiri kuposa momwe akuuzira. Kuchuluka kwa phosphorous mu kapangidwe kamalandiridwa. Feteleza sagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yonseyi.
Nthawi yogona
Maluwa onse atafota, amayamba kukonzekera koleriya kupumula nthawi yozizira. Maluwa owuma, nthambi zakale zowuma zimachotsedwa, mphukira zazitali kwambiri zimadulidwa.
Zofunika! Muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti sagona panthawiyi, koma amagwa pang'onopang'ono m'zinthu zonse zamoyo. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuyika chomeracho pamalo ozizira komanso madzi pang'ono.
Pali mitundu ina yomwe imatha kuwonjezera ndikuwala ndikupitilizabe kuphulika, koma ambiri a Coleria amafunika kupumula.
Kuyambitsa
Nthaka yopepuka, yopangika pang'ono, yosakanikirana komanso yotayirira, idzachita. Mwachitsanzo, dothi la saintpaulias. Pansi pamphika mumadzaza masentimita awiri kuchokera ngalande kapena njerwa zofiira.
Maphikidwe osakaniza a dothi a koleriya:
- peat, mchenga, tsamba lapansi 1: 1: 4;
- mchenga, peat, nthaka, 1: 2: 1: 1;
- peat, humus, nthaka yamasamba, mchenga 1: 1: 2: 1.
Kudulira
Ndi bwino kudulira nthawi yachilimwe, munthawi ya kukhazikitsa kwa tchire. Kuchulukitsa maluwa ndi kupanga kukula kolondola kwa mphukira.
Mtundu wa ampel
Tsinani nsonga pang'ono, kukonza kukoka, ndikupangitsa kuti nthambi ziziphuka.
Zachilendo
M'chaka chachiwiri cha moyo, yambani kudulira mphukira ndi theka kapena lachitatu. Izi zikhazikitsa mawonekedwe ofukula.
Tumizani
Amapangidwa kumapeto kwa nyengo kuti atsitsimutse tchire kuti lisunge mawonekedwe ake okongoletsera, zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zilizonse. Njira yosinthira ndiyabwino kwambiri. Mphika umatengedwa wokulirapo kuposa wakale, mphika waukulu ndi wabwino kuya kwakuya.
Kubereka
Koleriya amaweta pogawa mizu ndi kudula kuchokera pamwamba pa mphukira, kapena ndi mbewu. Njira yothandiza kwambiri komanso yosavuta pankhani ya koleriya imagawika ndi mizu.
Kugawidwa kumachitika pakukweza. Mizu ya mtundu wa rhizome imagawika kotero kuti pamakhala gawo limodzi lokhalitsa pagulu lililonse, chidutswa cha muzu chimayikidwa mozungulira, chimera m'mwamba. Chinyezi ndi kutentha zidzamuukitsa ndipo apatsa moyo watsopano, ndikupanga chomera chodziyimira pawokha. Mizu sayenera kuikidwa m'manda yopitilira awiri kapena atatu masentimita; kuthirira mosamala kumafunika. Mawonekedwe a masamba kuchokera pagawoli amatanthauza kuti zonse zidayenda bwino. Gawoli limachitika kusanachitike koyambitsa kukula, m'mwezi woyamba wa masika.
Mbeu zimamera m'mitsuko pa gawo lapansi, makamaka mu February. Saziwazidwa ndi nthaka, koma zokutidwa ndi galasi pamwamba, pamadigiri + 22-24, kupuma mpweya ndikuthira nthaka nthawi zonse. Pambuyo masiku 10-12, masamba amayamba, ndipo atatu atatu atawonekera, mbandezo zimakhala m'miphika yosiyana.Njira yambewu imagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, chifukwa magawo a mayi woberekayo samapititsidwa molondola kwa senate. Palinso zovuta ndi maluwa - zimatenga nthawi yayitali kudikira kuposa cuttings.
Pakumikiza, zidutswa nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe zimadulidwa pamwamba pomwe mukudulira. Abwino kuswana cuttings ndi oposa mmodzi nodule. Zimakhazikika mumchenga wokhala ndi mchenga, wopanda madzi. Pambuyo pa masabata angapo, zidutswazo zimakhala ndi mizu yawo ndipo zimabzalidwa mu makapu, ndipo kuchokera pamenepo, zitakula, m'miphika yosiyana.
Mutha kuwerenga zambiri zakusamalira koleria pano.
Otsatsa otchuka ndi mndandanda
Chilengedwe
Akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo nthawi zonse amayeretsa mitundu ya koleria. Kuwunika kwakukulu kunachitika mu 1992. Ndipo mu 2005, mitundu iwiri ya Capanea idalimbikitsidwa kukhala ma colerias. Karole Linden's Coleria adakwezedwa kukhala gulu lodziyimira pawokha la Gloxinell. Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20, mtundu wosazolowereka wa koleria wokula msinkhu wokhala ndi ubweya wapa chubu udapezeka.
Mitundu yophatikizika ya interspecific imakhala pafupifupi khumi, mwachilengedwe izi ndizofala. Mwachitsanzo, Trinidad imapezeka chifukwa chodutsa ma colerias aubweya ndi ubweya.
Kudzera mwa kuyesayesa kwa akatswiri osankha, mitundu yoposa zana idapangidwa ndikukula kwamitengo yosiyanasiyana ndi magawo achilendo odabwitsa, mitundu yatsopano ndi mawonekedwe, masamba okhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndikusintha mawonekedwe. Maluwa ochuluka a mitundu yosankhidwa nthawi zambiri amakhala okwera, chizolowezicho chimakhala chokwanira, ndipo duwa limakula pang'onopang'ono, lomwe limasungabe zokongoletsa zazitali.
Anthu
Odyetsa aku America a Patrick Worley, a John Bogtan, a Robinsons Ma ndi a Ralph adapanga mndandanda wa Bristol, ndipo Brandon Erickson adapanga mndandanda wa Bud.
- Wolemba Canada James Yang - mndandanda wa Peridot.
- Taiwan Vivien Liu, Rick Hang wazosiyanasiyana, omwe adayitana ndi mayina awo. Alfredo Lin adapanga mndandanda wa Designer.
- Anthu aku Sweden a Gunilla Svensson ndi Ivona Fors adabereka ma colerias angapo omwewa.
- Wobzala ku Romania a Serge Saliba, waku Czech Miloslav Malinovski nawonso adapanga mndandanda womwewo.
Mwa machitidwe olumikizana aumunthu ndi chilengedwe, kulemera kwa mitundu ndi mitundu ya chomera chowala ndi chokongola ichi chachulukitsidwa.
Malangizo! Chosangalatsa pamapangidwe amtundu ndikusintha mtundu wamaluwa pomwe mphukira imatsegulidwa, imayamba kusewera ndikuwala mothandizidwa ndi alimi othandiza.
Mapeto
Chomera chochokera ku Colombia chiziwunikira nyumba iliyonse, ndikupangitsa kuti chilengedwe chikhale chowoneka bwino komanso chodzichitira. Chidutswa cha madera otentha m'malo mwathu ndichinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri, kawirikawiri palibe amene amakumbukira kuchokera kumayiko akutali koleria wokongola yemwe anabwera kudzatichezera.