Tower of the Madmen ndi amodzi mwa malo osungiramo zinthu zakale ovuta kwambiri padziko lapansi
Pakati pa zowoneka ku Vienna pali nyumba imodzi, mbiri yake yonse ndi yowopsa. Tower of Fools - dzinali linaperekedwa ku imodzi mwazinyumba za Museum of the History of Natural Science, momwe amisala anali kusungidwa kale munkhanza, ndipo tsopano pali chopereka chomwe chimapereka alendo ku zovuta zonse zomwe sizingachitike komanso zolakwika.
Mbiri ya mawonekedwe
Tower of Fools ndi nyumba yosanja yazipilala zisanu yomwe imawoneka ngati silinda yonyamula kunja. Ili m'chigawo cha University of Vienna. Pakati pa anthu amderali, nsanjayi imadziwikanso kuti "Rum Baba" chifukwa imafanana ndi kekeyi modabwitsa.
Pansi paliponse pa nyumbayi pali kolowera mozungulira, mbali zonse ziwiri momwe mumalowera zipinda zing'onozing'ono zenera limodzi lopapatiza. Kapangidwe kameneka kovekedwa ndi octagon yamatabwa.
Mbiri ya nsanjayi imagwirizana kwambiri ndi dzina la Emperor Joseph II, yemwe kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18 adalamula kuti kumangidwanso kwa nyumbayi ndipo adakhazikitsa chipatala chatsopano cha nthawi imeneyo. Poyamba, nsanjayo idagwira nthawi imodzi ngati chipatala, chipatala cha amayi oyembekezera komanso malo amisala, koma pambuyo pake idangokhala nyumba yachisoni, ndiye kuti idaperekedwa kwathunthu kuzosowa za odwala amisala.
Psychiatry panthawiyo inali yopanda chitukuko - inde, chipatalacho chimakhala malo osungidwira odwala atsoka. Achiwawawo anali atamangidwa maunyolo, pamene enawo anali kungoyendayenda mwaufulu m'makonde. Ma wadi analibe zitseko, nyumbayo inalibe madzi, chifukwa panthawiyo madzi amaonedwa kuti ndi owopsa kwa odwala amisala.
Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa zosangalatsa m'masiku amenewo, unyinji wa anthu achidwi anali atazungulira malo amisalowo, ndikuti ateteze odwala kwa owonerera, malo opusa adatsekedwa ndi khoma. Nyumbayi imadziwikanso chifukwa chakuti mwa lamulo la Joseph II, imodzi mwazitsulo zoyambira mphezi zidakhazikitsidwa osati ku Austria kokha komanso padziko lapansi. Olemba mbiri amati cholinga chake chinali kuyesera kugwiritsa ntchito zotulutsa mphezi pochiza matenda amisala.
Pakati pa zaka za zana la 19, Tower of Fools ku Vienna idakhala malo osungira amisala, omwe amawoneka kuti alibe chiyembekezo, ndipo omwe amayesa kuchiritsa adasamutsidwira kuchipatala chatsopano. Ndipo mu 1869 malo othawirako amisalawo adatsekedwa, ndipo kwa zaka 50 zotsatira nsanjayo idalibe kanthu.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, nyumba yopanda kanthuyo idaperekedwa m'chipinda chogona cha ogwira ntchito pachipatala cha mzinda wa Vienna, pambuyo pake panali malo ogulitsira mankhwala, malo ochitira zokambirana, komanso malo azachipatala a madotolo. Ndipo mu 1971, Tower of Fools idasamutsidwa kupita ku ulamuliro wa University of Vienna, pomwepo idatsegulidwa malo owonera zakale, ndipo chosonkhanitsa chachikulu kwambiri osati ku Austria kokha, komanso padziko lonse lapansi, choyimira mitundu yonse yazovuta ndi zolakwika za thupi la munthu.
Zomwe zimawoneka mkati
Zosonkhanitsazo, zomwe zidapanga maziko owonetsera zakale zakale, zomwe zimagwira ntchito ku Tower of the Mad, zidayamba kusonkhanitsidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18 ndi katswiri wazachilengedwe a Joseph Pasqual Ferro. Anatsatiridwa ndi dokotala wamkulu wa chipatala cha Vienna City Hospital Johann Peter Frank, yemwe adayambitsa bungwe loyambirira ndi malo osungiramo zinthu zakale ku Austria. Kuyambira pamenepo, zosonkhanitsazo zakula mpaka ziwonetsero zoposa 50,000.
Kwa zaka zoposa mazana awiri, madokotala ochita opaleshoni ku Austria, akatswiri azachipatala komanso asayansi akhala akusonkhanitsa ziwonetsero zomwe zikudzaza zipinda zambiri za Tower of the Mad ku Vienna lero. Zosonkhanitsazi zimadzazidwa kwambiri makamaka munthawi ya miliri yomwe imakonda kupezeka masiku amenewo. Kwa anthu ochepera mtima komanso okomoka, kupita ku maholo owonera zakale kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zambiri. Iwo omwe adapita ku Kunstkammer ku St. Petersburg amatha kulingalira mosavuta zomwe zili mgululi.
Mitundu yonse yamatenda osiyanasiyana imafotokozedwa pano, ponseponse ngati sera zopangidwa mwachilengedwe komanso pokonzekera mowa. Mudzawona zomwe akatswiri azachipatala sangathe kuziganizira pochita: fetus ndi makanda okhala ndi zovuta zonse, ziwalo zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana owopsa, ma helminths ndi zinthu zina zazing'ono zokongoletsa ndi zochitika.
Palinso zida zochitira opareshoni zochokera munthawi zosiyanasiyana, zokumbutsa zida zakuzunza, zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutsata kusintha kwa nthambiyi. Muthanso kuwona mipando yamano ndi amayi ndi zida zina zamaofesi azachipatala akale.
Apa mutha kudziwanso mbiri yoopsa ya Tower of Fools komanso zikhalidwe zopanda chilungamo zomwe anthu omisala amangidwa, kuyang'anira ma wadi omwe amawoneka ngati ndende, okhala ndi matcheni omwe akuwonetsa odwala. Pali chipinda chosungira mosungira, chomwe chimapangidwanso m'malo onse, komanso malo ogwirira ntchito a wadwala.
Kujambula zithunzi ndi kujambula makanema m'malo osungiramo zinthu zakale ndizoletsedwa. Koma aliyense amene akufuna kusintha nthawi ndi nthawi zomwe adaziwona m'makumbukiro ake atha kugula kabukhu kazosonyeza zinthu zakale zosungidwa ndi zithunzi zamtundu.
Zambiri zothandiza
Pathological Museum of Vienna, yotchedwa Austria ngati Tower of Fools, ili pafupi ndi likulu la Vienna, pabwalo la yunivesite.
Adilesi ndi momwe mungafikire kumeneko
Chokopa chilipo ku: Spitalgasse 2, Vienna 1090, Austria.
Njira yosavuta yopita kumeneko ndi kudzera pa metro, kutenga U2 kupita ku siteshoni ya Schottentor. Muthanso kutenga tram kuzungulira kuzungulira mpaka ku Votivkirche stop, ndikuyenda pang'ono.
Maola ogwira ntchito
Tower of the Mad (Vienna, Austria) imatsegulidwa kwa anthu masiku atatu okha pa sabata:
- Lachitatu 10-18
- Lachinayi 10-13
- Loweruka 10-13
Pezani Mitengo kapena sungani malo alionse ogwiritsira ntchito fomu iyi
Mtengo woyendera
Mtengo wamatikiti olowera ndi € 2, umakupatsani mwayi wodziyendera pawokha m'maholo a chipinda choyamba. Kwa iwo omwe akufuna kuwona chiwonetsero china chonse pamodzi ndiulendo wowongolera, mtengo wamatikiti uzikhala € 4 pa munthu aliyense.
Zambiri zokhudzana ndi Tower of Fools ku Austria zitha kupezeka patsamba lovomerezeka la Pathological Museum Vienna: www.nhm-wien.ac.at/en/museum.
Ulendo wopita ku Austrian Pathological Museum, yomwe ili mchipilala cha zomangamanga ndi mbiri yakale ku Vienna, chotchedwa Tower of Fools, sichikutsimikizira kukondweretsedwa. Koma palibe kukayika kuti sikusiya aliyense wosayanjananso.