Malangizo kwa alimi maluwa oyamba kumene: momwe mungasamalire ma geraniums onunkhira? Chithunzi cha maluwa

Chifukwa cha ntchito yoswana mwakhama yopanga mitundu ya mbewu za mbeu izi, mitundu yambiri yapezeka.

Mwa mitundu 400 ya ma geraniums omwazikana padziko lonse lapansi, geranium onunkhira saonekera chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake okongoletsera, koma chifukwa cha fungo losalekeza. M'madera otentha, herbaceous perennials amakula m'minda ndi m'minda. M'madera a Russia, geranium onunkhira amakula bwino m'nyumba.

Chifukwa cha obzala mbewu, mitundu yatsopano yosatha idapangidwa, ikufalitsa zonunkhira zoposa 150. Kodi chomera ichi chikuphuka kapena sichikuphuka?

M'nkhani yomwe ili pansipa, tidzayankha mafunso okhudza kusamalira ma geraniums kunyumba, komanso mtundu wa maluwa.

Ndi chiyani icho?

Geranium wonunkhira ndi wa banja la Geraniev. Dziko lakwawo ndi South Africa. Amapezeka ku South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe. Kuchokera kumayiko akumwera, oyendetsa sitima aku England adabweretsa chomeracho ku Europe m'zaka za zana la 17. Geraniums adakhazikika ku Great Britain; malo akulu kwambiri onunkhira osakhalitsa apangidwa pano. Shrub yonyansa idabwera ku Russia m'zaka za zana la 17 ndi 19. Icho chinakulira mu malo osungira obiriwira a olemekezeka.

M'chigawo cha Cape ku South Africa, wachibale wapafupi wa geranium onunkhira ndiofala - kubzala nyumba monga onunkhira kapena onunkhira (onunkhira) pelargonium (Pelargonium odoratissimum). Muphunzira zambiri za geranium onunkhira pano, ndikuwerenga za mawonekedwe azipindazi pano.

Kufalikira kwa ma geraniums padziko lonse kudathandizidwa chifukwa chodzichepetsa komanso kusinthasintha mikhalidwe yakomweko. Chomera chakunyumba chokoma chimalimidwa mumiphika ndi zotengera. M'nyengo yotentha, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa masitepe, njira, zosakanikirana, mabedi amaluwa.

Mizu yovuta. Maluwa ndi ochepa, oyera, amasonkhanitsidwa mu inflorescence. Masamba okutidwa ndi tsitsi lalitali kwambirizomwe, zikakhudzidwa, zimatulutsa kununkhira kwa timbewu ta apulo kosalekeza.

Kufotokozera kwa mawonekedwe

Geranium wonunkhira ndi chitsamba chokhazikika chomwe chimakula mpaka mita 1. Mizu yake imapangidwa bwino. Masambawo ndi obiriwira wowala, atadulidwa chala. Maluwa ndi ochepa, ofiira (oyera, pinki). Amakhala ndi masamba asanu, makamaka maluwa amodzi, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi inflorescence. Kodi ikufalikira kapena ayi? Mitundu ina simamasula kunyumba kwazaka, imasungidwa kuti masamba azioneka bwino komanso fungo labwino. Pambuyo maluwa, zipatso zimawonekera - bokosikumene mbewu zimapsa.

Chomeracho chimakhala ndi fungo lake losazolowereka ndi tiziwalo ting'onoting'ono kunja ndi mkati mwa masamba. Amawoneka ngati tsitsi labwino. Zotupitsa zake zimadzazidwa ndi mafuta ofunikira. Fungo limafalikira chifukwa chokhudza masamba. Mphepo imatha kuyambitsa, ndipo ngati muupaka ndi manja anu, fungo losalekeza la duwa, mandimu, sinamoni kapena timbewu tonunkhira tidzawoneka. Izi sizomwe ndimanunkhira osiyanasiyana opangidwa ndi obereketsa.

Zambiri. Mafuta onunkhira a geranium amafalitsa ma phytoncides mchipindacho, omwe ali ndi zotsatira za maantibayotiki ndikuthandizira kugona. Masamba ake amakhala ndi mafuta ofunikira, flavonoids, organic acid ndi mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala, zonunkhira, komanso kuphika.

Tidalemba za mankhwala ndi zotsutsana ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mankhwala onunkhira a geranium munkhaniyi.

Mitundu yotchuka yazomera ndi zithunzi za mitundu

Awa si mafungo onse, mutha kupeza mitundu ndi fungo la zipatso, masingano, tsabola, kokonati, ginger kapena chowawa.

Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya geranium onunkhira imasiyana pakununkhira, mawonekedwe a masamba, mithunzi ya maluwa. Zina mwa izo zidapangidwa zaka mazana angapo zapitazo:

• "Mkazi Plymouth" - imodzi mwazinthu zoyambirira kubadwa ku Great Britain (1852). Masambawo ndi obiriwira-ofiira, ogawidwa, m'mphepete mwake. Maluwa amakhala okha, ochepa. Lavenda. Ndikununkhira ngati duwa.
• "Royal Oak" - Masamba ndi osema, obiriwira okhala ndi zigamba zofiirira. Maluwawo ndi otumbululuka pinki ndi zikwapu za burgundy. Fungo ndikutentha kw nkhalango.
• "Peppermint Yoyipa" - chomeracho chimakula bwino m'nyumba. Masamba ndi ojambula, obiriwira-wobiriwira, maluwa ang'onoang'ono a pinki. Imafalitsa fungo lamphamvu la timbewu tonunkhira.
• Apple Cider, Fringet Apple - osatha ndi fungo la maapulo. Tchire ndilophatikizana, masamba ndi obiriwira mopepuka ndi m'mbali zamakona. Maluwawo ndi oyera kapena owala pinki.
• "Chariti", "Lemon Rose wa Robert" - chodziwika bwino cha mitundu iyi ndi chisakanizo choyambirira cha fungo la mandimu-pinki. Masambawo ndi aakulu, obiriwira.

Malamulo okhutira ndi maupangiri

Mafuta onunkhira amakula mumiphika kapena panja. Zomera panyumba ndizovuta, koma ma geraniums amisewu amafunika kubzalidwa nthawi iliyonse ikagwa. Popanda kusungira nyengo yozizira, imafa ndi kuzizira. Ngati geranium yabzalidwa panthaka yotseguka, imafikira kukula kwakukulu chilimwe. Zovuta zimabuka mukamaika.

Malangizo. Olima wamaluwa odziwa bwino amalimbikitsa kuti aike m'manda ndi mphika. Izi zidzakupulumutsani ku mavuto akugwa. Geranium imafuna mpweya wabwino, posachedwa umatengedwa kupita kukhonde kapena pamtunda. M'nyengo yozizira, ndibwino kuti mpweya uzikhala bwino.

Kodi mungasankhe bwanji mpando?

Chomera chozolowera dzuwa la ku Africa chimafuna kuikidwa pamalo owala kwambiri. Ili ndiye mbali yakumwera kwa nyumbayi. Geranium samaopa kuwala kwa dzuwa, koma pakatentha ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito chishango choteteza masamba kuti asatenthedwe. M'nyengo yozizira, kuyatsa kowonjezera kumafunika ndi nyali. Chitsamba chimasonyeza kusowa kwa kuwala ndi mphukira zazitali ndi mtundu wotumbululuka wa masamba.

Ndi nthaka yanji yomwe ili yolondola?

Mafuta onunkhira amafunikira nthaka yopanda ndale. Mutha kugula dothi losakanizika lokonzekera kumera mbewu izi (Garden of Miracles "Geranium"). Nthaka imakhala ndi mchenga wokwanira komanso michere yokwanira. Kawirikawiri pakukula kosatha, dothi limakonzedwa palokha... Iyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zingapo:

1. nthaka yamasamba;
2. mchenga;
3. humus.

Zosakaniza zimatengedwa mofanana. Musanagwiritse ntchito, dziko lapansi liyenera kukhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - kutenthedwa mu uvuni, kuthandizidwa ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate.

Onunkhira geraniums obzalidwa miphika ya ceramic yaying'ono yaying'ono... Dothi lokulitsa liyenera kutsanulidwa pansi kuti lituluke. Kubzala mbewu kumachitika mizu ikadzaza danga lonselo. Mphika watsopano uyenera kukhala waukulu masentimita 2-3 cm.Nthawi yoyenera ya njirayi ndi kuyamba kwa masika. Pambuyo pobzala, geranium sifunikira kudyetsa kwa miyezi iwiri.

Bungwe. Mizu yotuluka m'mabowo olowa mumphika imathandizira kudziwa nthawi yoti muikemo.

Malamulo osamalira

Geranium wonunkhira samakonda kutentha kwambiri, m'chilimwe, amakhala bwino pa 18-25 °, ndipo nthawi yozizira - pa 14-15 °. Chomeracho chimatha kupanga chinyezi m'masamba ndi tsinde, chifukwa chake sichisowa kuthirira pafupipafupi. Nthaka imanyowetsedwa pambuyo pouma pamwamba. M'chaka - masiku awiri kapena atatu aliwonse. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthira madzi kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa kolala ya mizu.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mavalidwe apamwamba, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni kumalimbikitsa kukula kwa masamba, koma kumachepetsa kununkhira. Kubereketsa geraniums ndikofunikira panthawi yakukula. Pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ovuta, mlingo woyenera umachepetsa. Zinthu zakuthupi sizimayikidwa bwino ndi chomeracho, ndi bwino kukana. Maluwa obiriwira amathandizidwa ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. M'nyengo yozizira, mutha kukana kudyetsa.

Kuti mukwaniritse maluwa ochuluka komanso chomera chokwanira, tikulimbikitsidwa kudulira masika onse. Siyani masamba osaposa atatu kuchokera pakukula pachaka. M'chilimwe, mphukira zimaphatikizidwa, ndikupanga mawonekedwe oyenera a chitsamba. Chisamaliro chimayamba ndi chiyambi cha kukula kwa geranium kuchokera ku cuttings. Popanda kudulira, chomera chimayamba kukula, mpesa wamtali umapezeka.

Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

Mafuta onunkhira a geranium amalimbana ndi matenda, chifukwa chachikulu cha mawonekedwe awo ndi chisamaliro chosayenera. Kutentha kwambiri ndi acidity wochepa wa nthaka kumayambitsa matenda a fungal. Tsinde, mizu ndi zowola zaimvi zimakhudza mbewuyo mukamwetsa madzi.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndi mafangasi a fungalkufalikira m'malo achinyezi. Kuola kwa mizu kumafewetsa mizu, kuwola kwa tsinde kumakhudza ma petioles, kuwapangitsa kukhala akuda ndikulira. Imvi yovunda imawoneka ngati chikwangwani pamasamba ndi peduncles. Pochiza, fungicides imagwiritsidwa ntchito: Fundazol, Fitosporin-M, Topaz, Gamair. Baktofit. Mu cuttings, zowola zakuda sizichiritsidwa. Ndi bwino kuwononga chomeracho. Samatenthetsa nthaka.

Kutentha kwamlengalenga, nthata zimatha kukhazikika pamasamba. Tizirombo timabisala pansi pa masamba. Amaboola ndi kuyamwa timadziti tathanzi. Tsambalo limakhala lodetsedwa, louma komanso lopindika. Ngati majeremusi apezeka, chomeracho chimathandizidwa ndi sopo. Kapangidwe kamasiyidwa kwa maola 2-3, kenako ndikutsukidwa ndi madzi. Pakakhala kuwonongeka kwakukulu, pamafunika mankhwala: Karbofos, Karate Zeon, Fitoverm, Antiklesch.

Tizilombo ta Geranium timaphatikizira ma thrips ndi ntchentche zoyera. Misampha yomata imapachikidwa pa iwo m'nyumba zosungira. Zomera zodwala zimathandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo: Aktara, Aktellik, Confilor.

Zoswana

Kufalitsa kwa Geranium kumachitika m'njira zitatu:

1. kugawa chitsamba;
2. zodula;
3. kubzala ndi mbewu.

Njira yosavuta komanso yothandiza kwambiri ndikuzika mizu ya cuttings. Ikuthandizani kuti muzisunga zonse zomwe amayi amamera. Tsinde labwino la apical lomwe lili ndi masamba 3-4 amasankhidwa kuti aberekane. Kuyika mizu kumachitika m'madzi kapena mwachindunji pansi.

Petiole wodulidwayo ayenera kugona kwa maola osachepera awiri musanadzalemompaka chilonda chidapola. Kenako imviikidwa kwakanthawi ku Kornevin (choletsa kukula). Nthaka yobzala iyenera kukhala yotayirira, yopumira. Njira yabwino ndi 1: 1 chisakanizo cha nthaka yachilengedwe ndi perlite. Petiole imayamba m'masabata 2-3.

Kusamalira izi ndikosavuta:

• kuyatsa kosakanikirana;
• kuthirira nthawi ndi nthawi.

Bungwe. Nthawi yabwino yoswana ma geraniums okhala ndi zonunkhira bwino ndi Marichi.

Chomera chatsopano chopangidwa kuchokera ku cuttings chimayamba kuphulika pakatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Kugawidwa kwa chitsamba cha amayi kumapezekanso mchaka. Amachotsedwa mumphikawo ndikugawana magawo angapo, lililonse limakhala ndi muzu wake ndi mphukira. Zomera zimabzalidwa m'miphika yosiyana.

Kufalitsa ma geraniums okhala ndi mbewu zonunkhira kudzafuna nthawi yambiri ndi khama. Pofesa, dothi limatengedwa, lopangidwa ndi peat, mchenga, nthaka ya sod (1: 1: 2). Nthaka imachiritsidwa ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate. Mbeu zimayikidwa pamwamba ndikuwaza nthaka. Sungunulani nthaka.

Chidebecho chimakutidwa ndi galasi kapena polyethylene kuti apange wowonjezera kutentha. Chidebecho chimasungidwa m'chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kosachepera 20-22 °. Pambuyo kutuluka, chivundikirocho chimachotsedwa. Masamba oyamba amapezeka miyezi 1-2. Maluwa ayenera kudikirira osachepera chaka.

Mafuta onunkhira a geranium siosavuta kukongoletsa chomera. Chifukwa cha fungo lake labwino komanso labwino, zimathandizira kupanga mawonekedwe osangalatsa mnyumbamo. Osatha ali ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu cosmetology ndi mankhwala.

Onerani kanemayo: How to overwinter Cannas, geraniums and begonias!Garden Style nw (July 2024).