Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizirombo ta mandimu. Njira zowongolera komanso zopewera

Ndimu ndi chomera cha citrus chomwe sichitha matendawa. Tizirombo tofala kwambiri ndi tizilombo toyamwa.

Gulu ili limaphatikizapo tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, nsabwe za m'masamba, thrips, nthata za kangaude, nematode ndi tizilombo tonyenga. Kuti muchotse majeremusi, muyenera kutsuka chomeracho ndikukonzekera mankhwala owopsa.

Kuti muwongolere kwambiri tizilombo, m'pofunika kupeza ndikuchotsa zomwe zimawonekera, ndikudziwitsa njira zodzitetezera.

Mitundu: malongosoledwe, chithunzi, zifukwa zowonekera ndi chithandizo m'malo opumira

Pali zifukwa zingapo zazikulu zowonekera tizirombo pa mandimu opangidwa ndi okhaokha:

• Tiziromboti tikhoza kulowa mchipinda mumsewu kudzera pazenera lotseguka;
• mazira a tizilombo nthawi zambiri amapita m'nthaka yogulidwa;
• Tizirombo timakopeka ndi mpweya wofunda mnyumba.

Kuchotsa nyamakazi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Komabe, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti mankhwala ophera tizilombo atha kuwononga chomeracho. Chifukwa chake, zothetsera sopo kapena mankhwala azitsamba ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yayikulu yolimbana ndi majeremusi.

Chishango

Mwakuwoneka, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timafanana ndi akamba, kukula kwake sikupitilira 5 mm. Ndimu siimagonjetsedwa ndi akulu okha, komanso ndi mphutsi. Zomalizirazi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kuthamanga kwambiri, chifukwa chake amatha kusuntha kuchokera ku chomera china kupita ku china. Pakufikira chandamale, mphutsi zimamangirira pamitsempha pamasamba ndi zipatso za mandimu.

Pachiyambi choyamba cha kukula, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timayera komanso kutuluka.... Pakukula, kuchokera kumafinya apadera kumbuyo, amatulutsa madzimadzi, omwe amateteza khungu lawo kutuwa. Nyanjayi imateteza tizilombo kuti tisapopera mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Tiziromboti timayamba kuzungulira.

Mosiyana ndi mphutsi, akulu samasuntha. M'chaka, amabereka ana katatu. Chifukwa cha majeremusi, masambawo amatembenukira mwachikasu ndikufota, okutidwa ndi pachimake chomata. Zokolola za mandimu zikugwa.

Ndikosavuta kutulutsa gulu laling'ono pomwe tizilombo timatha kuyenda kwambiri. Munthawi imeneyi, muyenera kusonkhanitsa zipsera pamanja, pambuyo pake muyenera kupukuta madera omwe akhudzidwa ndi ubweya wa thonje ndi mowa kapena yankho la sopo wochapira. Pofuna kuthana ndi tizilombo tambiri, kukonzekera mankhwala azitsamba kumakhala kothandiza:

1. Msuzi wa Capsicum... 10 g wa zipatso zouma ayenera kuthiridwa ndi madzi okwanira 1 litre. Kusakaniza kumayenera kuphikidwa kwa theka la ora ndikusiya maola 48. Musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwala 1 tbsp. osakaniza wandiweyani ayenera kutsukidwa mu madzi okwanira 1 litre, kuwonjezera supuni 1 pamadziwo. sopo ochapa zovala. Chomeracho chimatha kutsukidwa ndi madzi pakadutsa maola awiri mutagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawo. Njira yoyeretsera iyenera kuchitika milungu iwiri iliyonse mpaka tiziromboti titheretu.
2. Mafuta-madzi emulsion... Mu 250 ml ya madzi ofunda, muyenera kusakaniza 1 tsp. mafuta amafuta, 40 g wa sopo ochapa zovala ndi 2 tbsp. ufa wosamba zovala. Njira yothetsera vutoli iyenera kuikidwa ndi ubweya wa thonje, pukutani masamba onse ndi nthambi zake.

   Pewani kulowetsa pansi. Kuti mupewe kufooketsa chomeracho, tsekani nthaka ndi kanema wonyezimira musanayambe mankhwala. Maola 4 mutatha ndondomekoyi, muyenera kutsuka mbewuyo posamba.
3. Kusakaniza kwa adyo... Kuti mukonzekere malonda, muyenera kuthira adyo ndi sopo wochapa zovala. Kuchulukako komwe kumachitika kuyenera kutsanulidwa ndi madzi mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1: 3. Kusakaniza kofanana kumafalikira padziko lonse la mandimu pogwiritsa ntchito mswachi. Muzimutsuka ndi madzi pambuyo pa mphindi 60.

Kulowetsedwa tsabola wotentha kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi akangaude kapena magulu a nsabwe za m'masamba.

Tikukupemphani kuti muwonere kanema momwe mungachotsere nkhanizi ndimu ikawonongeka:

Aphid

Nsabwe za m'masamba ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono toyamwa tokhala ndi thupi lozungulira, osapitilira 1-5 mm kukula. Tizilomboti sakusuntha, tili ndi mtundu wina - pali tiziromboti tachikasu, zoyera, zobiriwira komanso zakuda. Amachuluka mofulumira. Nyamayi imamwa madzi a mandimu, ikukhazikika m'magulu am'munsi mwa masamba achichepere, masamba ndi maluwa. Nsabwe za m'masamba ndi chonyamulira cha tizilombo matenda zomera.

Masamba okhala ndi tiziromboti amapunduka kapena kupindika... Kukula kwa mbeu kumachedwetsa kapena kuyima. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono amataya mtundu ndikukhala owonda. Nsabwe za m'masamba zimatulutsa madzi otsekemera, ndiye kuti tsamba limakhala lolimba.

Kuti muchotse nsabwe za m'masamba, muyenera kutsuka bwino masamba, nthambi ndi tsinde la mandimu ndi madzi sopo. Kuti mukonzekere, muyenera kupukuta 30 g wa sopo wochapa mu madzi okwanira 1 litre. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, nthaka iyenera kuphimbidwa ndi zojambulazo. Zinthu zapoizoni zitha kuwonjezeredwa ku yankho ngati wowonjezera:

1. Kulowetsedwa masamba a fodya... 50 g ya chopukutira chouma iyenera kulowetsedwa madzi okwanira 1 litre kwa maola 24, pambuyo pake madziwo ayenera kuwiritsa kwa maola awiri. Zotsatira zake ziyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi okwanira 1 litre.
2. Kulowetsedwa kwa mankhusu a adyo... 40 g ya mankhusu amafunika kuthira madzi okwanira 3 malita ndikuumirira tsiku limodzi.
3. Peel mankhwala... 30 g wa mankhusu a anyezi amafunika kuthiridwa ndi madzi okwanira 1 litre. Madziwa amayenera kulowetsedwa masiku asanu. Musanawonjezere sopo wochapa zovala, yankho liyenera kusefedwa.

Njira ziwiri zomaliza zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi nthata za kangaude.

Thrips

Ma thrips ali ndi mawonekedwe oyera oyera opindika pamimba... Kukula kwa tizilombo kamasiyana kuyambira 0,5 mpaka 3 mm m'litali. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala ndi makapu oyamwa owoneka ngati bubble, chifukwa tizirombo timathamanga kwambiri. Akuluakulu amasiyana ndi mphutsi pokhapokha pali mapiko opapatiza owala.

Tizilombo timadetsa masamba a mandimu pomwa timadziti. Ndikotheka kuzindikira follicle ndi ma silvery smudges omwe amakhalabe pomwe ma thrips amadutsa masamba. Madontho owala amawoneka pamwamba pa chomeracho. Masamba amatuluka khungu ndikufota msanga, maluwawo amakhala opunduka. Kukula kwa mtengo kumachepa.

Kuti muthane nawo m'malo azipinda, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zotsatirazi:

1. Kulowetsedwa mpiru... 70 g wa ufa wa mpiru ayenera kuchepetsedwa mu madzi okwanira 1 litre ndi kusakanikirana bwino mpaka misa yofanana ipezeke. Chosakanikacho chimayenera kulowetsedwa masiku atatu mu chidebe chotsitsimula. Musanakonze mtengo wa mandimu, tsitsani misa ndi madzi mu 1: 3.
2. Dandelion kulowetsedwa... 30 g ya mizu yazomera kapena masamba 50 g ayenera kutsanulidwa ndi madzi kutentha kwa + 50 ° C. Kusakaniza kumayenera kusiya pamalo otentha kwa maola 4, kenako yankho liyenera kusefedwa. Madziwa amayenera kupopera pamtengo ndi nthambi zonse.
3. Kutsekemera kwa mphukira za phwetekere... 500 g ya nsonga ziyenera kuthiridwa pamadzi okwanira 1 litre ndikuwiritsa kwa mphindi 30 kutentha pang'ono. Kuyimitsa komwe kumachitika kuyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 3, kenako ndikugwiritsa ntchito ndimu.
4. Kulowetsedwa kutengera nsonga za mbatata... 10 g wachichepere kapena 75 g wa mphukira zouma ayenera kuthiridwa pa 1 litre la madzi otentha ndikupatsidwa maola atatu. Pambuyo pa nthawiyi, chisakanizocho chiyenera kusefedwa.

Kulowetsedwa kwa masamba a mbatata kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pasanathe maola 24. Pakatha tsiku limodzi, malonda ake amakhala osayenera kukonzedwa.

Kangaude

Akuluakulu a tizilombo amafika 1 mm m'litali. Pamutu pa tizilombo pamakhala mawanga awiri ofiira omwe amawoneka bwino. Thupi la kachilomboka kali kozungulira, lokutidwa ndi ma bristles abwino, ofiira kapena apinki. Tiziromboti timaberekana mofulumira pansi pa masamba pamalo ouma komanso otentha kwambiri. Ndikutentha kwambiri, tizilombo timabisala, kukumba mabowo pansi.

Chizindikiro choyamba cha kupezeka kwa tiziromboti ndikuwonekera kwa masamba ang'onoang'ono achikaso pamasamba, omwe amakhala ndi zofiirira pakapita nthawi. Mtengo wa mandimu umakutidwa ndi nthititimba. Mphukira zazing'ono zimauma, zokolola zimawonongeka.

Tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito nyali ya ultraviolet kuti muthane ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu. Kamodzi pa sabata, siyani chomeracho pansi pa radiation kwa mphindi ziwiri. Mankhwala azachipatala ndi othandiza kwa anthu ochepa:

1. Kulowetsedwa kutengera yarrow... 10 tbsp youma zosonkhanitsira, muyenera kuthira madzi okwanira 1 litre ndi kusiya tsiku pansi chivindikiro chatsekedwa. Unikani yankho musanakonze.
2. Sulfa-laimu msuzi... Mu 300 ml ya madzi, muyenera kuchepetsa 20 g ya laimu ndi 40 g wa sulfure wambiri. Chosakanikacho chimayenera kuphikidwa pamoto wochepa kwa ola limodzi. Musanagwiritse ntchito, m'pofunika kuchepetsa kusungunula ndi madzi, omwe voliyumu yake imakhala 20 kasanu ndi kawiri.
3. Kulowetsedwa kutengera adyo cloves... 100 g ya mankhwala ayenera kudutsa mu adyo atolankhani kapena grated. Thirani misa yophwanyidwa mu madzi okwanira 1 litre, kusiya masiku asanu. Musanapopera mandimu, tsitsani 50 ml ya yankho mu madzi okwanira 1 litre. Pambuyo maola awiri mutalandira chithandizo, mandimu ayenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi. Ndondomekoyi iyenera kubwerezedwa masiku asanu aliwonse mpaka majeremusiwo atheratu.

Monga njira yothanirana ndi nthata za kangaude, muyenera kukhala ndi chinyezi chokwanira mchipinda ndikumapukuta masamba amtengowo ndi nsalu yonyowa.

Tikupangira kuwonera kanema momwe mungachitire ndi kangaude pa mandimu:

Zikopa zabodza

Mwakuwoneka, zimagwirizana ndikufotokozera za zikopa: thupi lokhazikika, lodzikongoletsa lokhala ndi chishango kumbuyo. Amasiyana mtundu wa chipolopolo - Zinyengo zabodza zimakhala ndi mthunzi wabulauni wofiirira.

Scutellum si waxy carapace yomwe imakhalapo pakukula, koma khungu loyanika la mkazi wakufa. Tizilombo timamwa madzi a masamba, ndikukhazikika m'malo osiyanasiyana a mandimu.

Ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tambiri, masamba omwe ali pamitsempha amakhala ndi pachimake cha tizilombo tambiri. Pali kuchedwa pakukula ndi kukula kwa mtengo wa mandimu, masamba amatembenukira chikasu ndikugwa. Zishango zabodza zimatulutsa phula lokhazikika, pomwe bowa wa sooty amapangidwanso ngati madontho akuda.

Kupaka masamba ndi yankho la sopo ochapa zovala ndi anabasine kamodzi pa sabata kumathandiza kuthana ndi tizirombo. Madzi a anyezi atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati madzi opopera.

Nyongolotsi

Nyongolotsi zimakhala zofanana ndi nsabwe zazikulu... Tizirombo ndi achonde kwambiri. Makoloni a tiziromboti amagawidwa mofananamo padziko lonse lapansi la mandimu, amadyetsa madzi a zipatso ndi kutulutsa chinsinsi chokoma. Nthawi zambiri, chomeracho chimagwidwa ndi mealybugs kapena tizilombo tomwe timamva zomwe zimakhudza mizu.

Pambuyo pa majeremusi, chovala choyera choyera chimatsalira pamasamba, chomwe ndi chizindikiro choyamba cha kuwonekera kwa tizirombo. Kukhalapo kwa njuchi zomwe zimakhala ndi mandimu kwa nthawi yayitali zikuwonetsedwa ndikukula kwa mitu yakuda. Awa ndi bowa wamasamba omwe amakula mmera chifukwa cha timadzi tokoma ta tizilombo.

Kuti muchotse tiziromboti, mutha kupukuta masambawo ndi madzi kapena madzi a sopo. Nyongolotsi zimazindikira chinyezi, chifukwa chake sizingayime kuyeretsa chomeracho. Pofuna kupewa, mutha kukhala ndi swab ya thonje ndi mowa pamwamba pa mandimu.

Ma Nematode

Poyerekeza ndi tizirombo tina tating'onoting'ono, ma nematodes amachulukana m'nthaka ndipo amakhudza kwambiri mizu ya chomeracho, koma amathanso kuwonongeka pamagulu amandimu. Nematode ndi nyongolotsi zazing'ono kwambiri zomwe sizipitilira 2 mm kukula kwake.

Masamba odzaza ndi mphutsi amakhala achikasu ndikutuluka mwachangu. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, gawo la muzu wa mandimu limafa ndi necrosis. Zizindikiro zowonongeka zimawonekera pamlengalenga.: masamba azipiringa, zipatso zimasiya kubala zipatso ndikukula.

Pofuna kuthana ndi ma nematode, miphika yokhala ndi dothi iyenera kuthiridwa mankhwala poisunga m'madzi otentha kwa mphindi 60. Nthaka iyenera kusinthidwa. Malo omwe poto anaimapo ayenera kuthiridwa mankhwala ndi mowa.

Mankhwala ophera tizilombo kapena mankhwala azitsamba sangakuthandizeni kulimbana ndi ma nematode.

Nthawi zambiri, ma nematode amatha kusokonezedwa ndi ma earthworms. Yotsirizira imagwera mumphika kuchokera mumsewu ndipo imawonekera pamwamba ngati chomeracho chimathiriridwa kwambiri. Ngakhale alibe ndimu, amatha kunyamula matenda owopsa kwa anthu.

Kuti muchotse mphutsi, muyenera kuthirira mbewu ndi madzi kutentha kwa + 40 ° C... Zovala za mvula zikakhala pamwamba, ziyenera kusonkhanitsidwa ndikuzitaya. Njirayi iyenera kubwerezedwa kangapo.

Kupewa

Njira zopewera zithandizira kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha tizirombo tomwe timakhudza ndimu:

• Kuyang'anitsitsa bwino mbewu zomwe zagulidwa... Kwa masabata 3-4, duwa logulidwalo liyenera kusungika kwaokha - liyike mosiyana ndi maluwa ena amkati. Munthawi yonseyi, chomeracho chikuyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala ngati kuli tiziromboti. Masamba a maluwa ayenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi kapena mowa.
• Maluwa omwe ali ndi maluwa ayenera kuikidwa kutali ndi zomera zamkati... Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikhoza kulowa m'chipindamo ndi zomera zina kapena maluwa omwe amakula panja. Chifukwa chake, bouquets iyenera kuikidwa pamalo olekanitsidwa ndi mbewu zina. Njira yodzitchinjirayi itithandizira kupewa kuchuluka kwa tizilombo.
• Kutsuka kwa nthawi ndi nthawi... Kamodzi pamwezi, muyenera kutsuka masamba ndi nthambi za mtengo wa mandimu ndi madzi. Musanachite izi, tsembani nthaka ndi zojambulazo.

Tizilombo ta mandimu tikuchulukirachulukira ndipo nthawi zambiri timakhazikika m'magulu am'mlengalenga. Tizilombo kapena zochitika zakupezeka kwawo pamaluwa amnyumba zimawoneka ndi maso. Chifukwa chake, chikwangwani kapena mawanga akamawonekera pamasamba, tizilomboti tiyenera kudziwika mwachangu ndipo tiyenera kuchitapo kanthu kuti tithetse. Ngati palibe zotsalira za tizilombo pamtunda, ndikofunikira kumasula malo ochepa kuti muwulule njirayo.