Chithunzi cha mitundu ya clivia ndikuwasamalira
Nthawi zambiri, m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri monga zipatala, masukulu, malo owerengera, mumatha kupeza zomera zobiriwira m'nyumba zobiriwira zobiriwira bwino. Amawoneka ngati malupanga okhala ndi nsonga zowongoka ndipo amakwezedwa bwino.
Ili ndi gawo lodzichepetsera la chiwindi chazitali, lomwe limakhala ndi maluwa ofiira ofiira omwe amakhala pachimake m'chigawo chachiwiri cha dzinja. Muphunzira momwe mungasamalire maluwa osakhwima amenewa m'nkhani yathu. Onaninso kanema wothandiza.
Kufotokozera ndi chiyambi
Clivia ndi wa banja la Amaryllis ndipo amatchedwa Charlotte Clive, ma Duchess odziwika ku Northumberland. Amakonda zokolola zamaluwa ndipo anali woyamba kukwaniritsa maluwa ku chomera chakumwera ku England kozizira komanso kwamitambo. Dzinalo linapatsidwa ndi katswiri wazitsamba wa ku England a John Lindley. Mtundu woyamba wa clivia, Nobilis, udapezeka mu 1828 ku Cape Province ku South Africa.
CHENJEZO: Clivia alibe tsinde, masamba ake amapanga tsinde labodza, osonkhana pamizu mu rosette ndikuphimbirana mwamphamvu ndi mabowo. Masamba a Clivia ndi owala, amtundu umodzi, obiriwira mdima. Ali ndi mzere wofanana, xiphoid, wokhala ndi maupangiri akuthwa. Masamba amatambasulidwa mndege imodzi, alibe mtunda wa kotenga nthawi, komanso osalala.
Maluwa a Clivia ndi oyera, achikasu, owala lalanje, kapena ofiira. Woboola pakati pa Bell, tubular, woboola pakati. Maluwa pamapesi ataliatali amatoleredwa mu umbellate ozungulira kapena olekerera a racemose inflorescence, omwe ali pamtolo wopanda kanthu.
Clivia ndi chomera chanthawi yayitali; amakhala kunyumba kwa zaka zosachepera 15., ndipo pansi pazikhalidwe zabwino kwambiri zimatha zaka 30-40. Chomeracho chimakulirakulira, chimakhala ndi ma peduncles ambiri: zomera zakale zimapanga 40-50 peduncles.
Poizoni komanso zothandiza
Mukawonongeka, msuzi wachikasu-lalanje watizoni amatuluka m'masamba a clivia. Masamba a Clivia ndi ma rhizomes ndi owopsa chifukwa cha ma alkaloid omwe ali nawo. Mu Mlingo waung'ono, zinthu izi zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa malovu, kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba. Mochuluka, ngati atamwa, amatha kuyambitsa ziwalo ngakhalenso kufa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kusamba m'manja mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito chomeracho ndikusunga ana ang'ono ndi ziweto kutali.
Sikovomerezeka kugwiritsa ntchito Clivia ngati mankhwala, ndizowopsa... Koma mu pharmacology, mankhwala amapezeka kuchokera ku clivia omwe amayendetsa kayendedwe ka magazi.
Mitundu yotchuka
Mitundu ya clivia yachilengedwe imadziwika ndi masamba ataliatali obiriwira komanso maluwa ofiira a lalanje ofiira. M'magulu amasiku ano, masambawo samangokhala amodzimodzi, komanso okhala ndi mikwingwirima yowala pambali pa tsamba.
Mtundu wa maluwawo umakhala wonyezimira, nsomba zamchere, matanthwe ofiira mpaka kufiyira kwakuda, ndipo, zachidziwikire, amaperekedwa mumitundu yonse yachikaso ndi lalanje. Maonekedwe a maluwa amakhalanso osiyanasiyana: pali mitundu ya hybrids yokhala ndi maluwa okongola a kakombo kapena tulip.
Mitundu ya clivia
| Onani | Kufotokozera | Chiyambi |
| Cinnabar (lalanje, kakang'ono, kutsogolera kofiira) | Masamba ndi xiphoid (45-60 cm), amakula m'munsi (mpaka 6 cm). Wamtali peduncle (40-50 cm) wokhala ndi maluwa 10-20 pamiyala yayitali (3 cm), yomwe imasonkhanitsidwa mozungulira ngati inflorescence. Zikuluzikulu (pamakhala 4-5 masentimita) maluwa ofiira ofiira kapena lalanje okhala ndi diso lowala lachikaso. | Poyamba kuchokera kuchigawo cha Natal (South Africa) |
| Nobilis (wokongola, wolemekezeka) | Chomera chochepa (30 cm), masamba obiriwira amdima 40 cm, xiphoid wokhala ndi nsonga zakuthwa masentimita 4-6.Peduncle 30-50 cm masentimita, ali ndi maluwa 40-60 patali (mpaka 3 cm). Perianth wokhotakhota, maluwa ofiira apakatikati, lalanje wooneka ngati ndere. Petals pafupifupi 2 cm kutalika, kotchulidwa ndi wobiriwira pamwamba. | Chigawo cha Cape (South Africa) |
| Citrine (yoyera) | Maluwa achikasu achikasu mumambulera inflorescence ndi zipatso zachikasu. Mdima wobiriwira wobiriwira. | Kwazal Foothills in Natal Province (South Africa) |
| Gardena | Masamba ndi ofiira, obiriwira obiriwira, xiphoid, amakula mpaka pansi (3-4 cm). Peduncle mpaka masentimita 45 kutalika ndi maluwa 10-16. Maluwa ndi opapatiza, okhala ndi ma tubular, owoneka ngati ndodo. Miyala yamchere yamchere yokhala ndi nsonga zobiriwira, lanceolate (3-3.5 masentimita m'litali). | M'mapiri a Transvaal ndi Natal (South Africa) |
| Tsinde | Masamba akulu ngati lamba (kutalika mpaka 60 cm, m'lifupi mpaka 7 cm). Peduncle pafupifupi masentimita 100 ndi maluwa 10-20 mu racemose inflorescence. Maluwawo ndi ofiira, ofiira lalanje ndi nsonga zobiriwira zobiriwira. | Madera akumpoto ndi Kum'mawa kwa South Africa |
| Zodabwitsa (mirabilis) | Imalekerera chilala ndi dzuwa. Masamba ndi a xiphoid, maziko ake ndi obiriwira mdima, wofiirira wakuda m'munsi. Pali pakati pake papepala loyera. Maluwa pamiyala yayitali amasonkhanitsidwa mu carpal inflorescence. Maluwawo amakhala amtundu wofiyira kwambiri wokhala ndi malangizo a mandimu. | Kuchokera kumadera ouma a Northwest South Africa |
| Wamphamvu (chithaphwi) | Imakula mpaka masentimita 150-180. Imasiya mpaka 90 cm kutalika ndi 6-10 cm mulifupi. Maluwa otumbululuka a coral tubular pa racemose inflorescence. | Amakonda mapiri achinyontho a ku South Africa |
Chithunzi
Kenako, mutha kuwona chithunzi cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya clivia, kuphatikiza cinnabar:
Chisamaliro
Clivia nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi mazenera akum'mawa ndi kumadzulo okhala ndi kuwala kofewa.... Sankhani malo owala bwino ndi kuwala kosakanikirana, kopanda dzuwa. M'chilimwe, mutha kutengera chomeracho panja mumthunzi pang'ono. Clivia amakonda kuyatsa kosakhalitsa. Ndikusowa kwa dzuwa, makamaka nthawi yakukula ndi maluwa, chomeracho chimakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo sichimasula muvi wa peduncle.
MFUNDO: Ndikofunika kukulitsa clivia kutentha pang'ono pakukula (masika mpaka kugwa koyambirira) ndi maluwa (nthawi yozizira) pa 20-25 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, kuyambira mu Okutobala, kutentha kumatsika mpaka 12-14 ° C, kenako clivia imatulutsa peduncle ndikukonzekera maluwa.
Pambuyo pakuwoneka kwa peduncle, clivia imakonzedwanso pamalo otentha kutentha kwa 20 ° C, kuthirira ndi manyowa. Clivia amakonda kuthirira moyenera mchaka ndi nthawi yophukira ndi madzi ofunda, okhazikika kamodzi pamasiku 10-14. Yesetsani kusiya madzi poto kuti mizu ya clivia isawonongeke. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, kuthirira kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, kupatsa chomeracho mpumulo mpaka kutulutsa peduncle mpaka 10-15 cm.
Chomeracho chikayamba kutulutsa masamba, chimatha kuthiriridwa pang'ono, koma nthawi zambiri chimakhala chokwanira kupopera nthaka kuchokera mu botolo la utsi. Masamba a Clivia nthawi zina amapukutidwa ndi siponji yonyowa ndi kupopera kuti athetse fumbi.
Clivia amamasula theka lachiwiri la dzinja, mu February. Maluwa amamasula pang'onopang'ono pamasabata 3-4. Kuti maluwa azisangalala nthawi zonse, kupumula ndikofunikira, kakulidwe kakale, nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Kwa maluwa ambiri komanso ataliatali, clivia amabzalidwa mumiphika yocheperako. Pambuyo maluwa, muvi sunadulidwe: ukauma, umadzitambasula mosavuta. Ngati peduncle ndi yaying'ono ndipo masamba atayika m'masamba, kukakamiza kumachitika. Chomeracho chimabzalidwa pang'ono kuchokera pazenera kuti muvi utambasulidwe.
Pakati pa kukula kwakanthawi kuyambira masika mpaka kumapeto kwa chirimwe, chomeracho chimadyetsedwa kawiri pamwezi ndi feteleza wamadzi ndi mchere, mosinthana. Nthawi yonse yopuma, kudyetsa kumachotsedwa kwathunthu.
| Nyengo | Kuyatsa | Kutentha | Kuthirira | Zovala zapamwamba |
| Kukula (masika-chilimwe) | Mthunzi pang'ono, pewani kuwala kwa dzuwa | 20-25 ° C | Wapakati, kamodzi masiku 10-14 | Maminolo ndi feteleza feteleza mosinthana kawiri pamwezi |
| Nthawi yogona (nthawi yophukira-nthawi yozizira) | Kuunikira pang'ono | 12-15 ° C | Palibe, akhoza kupopera pansi | Kulibe |
| Kukula (nyengo yozizira) | Kuwala kowala koma kofalikira | 20-25 ° C | Wokwanira, kawiri pamwezi | Mchere feteleza kawiri pa mwezi |
Phunzirani zambiri za mawonekedwe a chisamaliro, komanso mitundu ina yazakulira kunyumba, apa.
Tumizani
Mizu ya Clivia ndi yokoma, yowutsa mudyo, silingaloleze kubzala bwino ndikuphwanya mosavuta... Mizu yosweka yothirira zambiri imatha kuvunda. Samalirani madera owonongeka ndi phulusa kapena malasha osweka. Zomera zazing'ono zimabzalidwa chaka chilichonse, zimakhwima nthawi iliyonse zaka 2-3. Zitsanzo zakale (kuyambira zaka 10) zomwe zafika kukula kwakukulu ndikukhala m'miphika sizimaikidwa. Amangowonjezera nthaka yatsopano (5 cm) ndikuwadyetsa feteleza.
Ngati chomeracho chikukulabe ndipo mizu yake ikukwawa kuchokera mumphika, ndi nthawi yodzabzala. Zovomerezeka pambuyo pa maluwa. Chomeracho chimadulidwa pamodzi ndi dothi ladothi. Konzani nthaka: magawo awiri a sod, gawo limodzi la tsamba, gawo limodzi la humus, gawo limodzi la peat ndi gawo limodzi la mchenga. Nthaka ndiyofunika kutayirira komanso acidic pang'ono. Ndikofunikira kuyala ngalande pansi pa mphika.
Mutabzala, mutha kupopera mankhwala oteteza thupi kumatenda (Epin, Tsikron, Kornevin) kuti athandize mbewuyo kupirira kupsinjika ndikulimba. Musamamwe madzi kwa masiku angapo, ndibwino kungopopera ndi kukhomerera pansi mutabzala. Bzalani mumphika wolimba (2-3 cm wokulirapo kuposa wakale), musazame (kolayo muzu uyenera kukhala pamwamba pake).
CHOFUNIKA: Ngati mphikawo ndi waukulu kwambiri, ndiye kuti maluwawo sadzaphuka mpaka mizu yake itadzaza mphika wonsewo.
Onerani kanemayo wonena za kubzala kwa clivia:
Dziwani zambiri zakusunthira clivia kunyumba munkhani yapadera.
Kubereka
Clivia imatha kufalikira ndi magawano kapena mbewu... Mbewu imapezeka mwezi wachitatu (masabata 10) mutatha maluwa, imafesedwa nthawi yomweyo pamtunda wa masentimita awiri kuchokera wina ndi mnzake. Mbande imapezeka mwezi umodzi (masabata 4-6). Pambuyo popanga tsamba loyamba, mbande zazomera zimabzalidwa m'miphika yopingasa masentimita 7, kenako zimabzalidwa chaka chilichonse, ndikuwonjezera mphikawo ndi masentimita 2-3.
M'chaka chachitatu, mbewu zazing'ono zimakonda kukhala nthawi yayitali, kuzisunga popanda kuthirira komanso kutentha kwa 15 ° C kwa miyezi iwiri Okutobala-Novembala. Pambuyo pa nthawi yoyamba kugona, 30% yazomera zazing'ono zimamasula. Ndikufalitsa mbewu, chisangalalo chimatsimikizika kuti chidzaphuka pakatha zaka 4-5.
Kunyumba, ndikosavuta kubzala ana ndi ana.... Mukamabzala zipatso chaka chilichonse, mverani ana omwe ali ndi masamba osachepera anayi. Amatha kuzika ndi mwayi waukulu. Mbewuzo zimabzalidwa munthaka yosakanikirana ndi perlite kapena mchenga, ndipo zikuyembekezera mizu m'miphika kutentha kwa 16-18 ° C. Mizu ya Clivia ndi yofooka kwambiri ndipo imavunda mosavuta ikathiridwa madzi, chifukwa chake mukabzala, imani pang'ono ndikuthirira masiku angapo. Mu mbewu zakale, mbewu zimachotsedwa kuti zisawononge zomera.
Phunzirani zambiri zamomwe mungapangire zipatso zapakhomo komanso kubzala mbewu m'nkhaniyi.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Mwa tizirombo, owopsa kwambiri ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono (chishango cha nsabwe) ndi mealybugs. Musanathamange, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muthane ndi dothi poyeserera mu uvuni kwa mphindi 10 kapena kulithira ndi potaziyamu permanganate yofooka pang'ono.
Chikopa (chishango aphid) tizirombo tomwe timafala kwambiri ku clivia. Amayamwa timadzi tating'onoting'ono, tomwe timakhala tambiri ngati bulauni ndipo timadontho tating'onoting'ono topezeka patsamba ndi masamba. Masamba amatuwa, owuma ndi kufa. Pofuna kuthana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, masamba a clivia amapukutidwa ndi madzi a sopo ndikuwonjezera palafini pogwiritsa ntchito siponji. Kenako chomeracho chimatsanulidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo (actellik).
Mealybugs imawoneka ngati ubweya woyera wa thonje ndipo imakhudza magawo onse a chomeracho. Imasiya yoluka, youma ndikugwa.
Ndikofunika kupukuta masamba ndi madzi sopo ndikuchotsa tizirombo ndi swab ya thonje. Zikawonongeka kwambiri, chomeracho amachizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo sabata iliyonse mpaka itachira.
Mizu yowola... Masamba amayamba kutuluka chikasu, kuvunda pamizu, chomeracho chimafa.
Ndikofunikira kutulutsa chomeracho mumphika, kuchotsa mizu yowonongeka. Sanjani magawowo ndi malasha osweka ndikuyika mabowowo m'nthaka yatsopano yopanda mankhwala.
Mavuto ena:
- Malangizo a masamba a Brown. Ndikuthira madzi, kuvunda kwa mizu ndi maziko a zimayambira.
- Short peduncle. Kusowa kwa madzi komanso kutentha pang'ono nthawi yachisanu ndi yotentha.
- Mawanga oyera kapena oyera achikaso pamasamba a kutentha kwa dzuwa.
- Masamba osowa komanso kusowa kwa peduncle osakwanira kudyetsa.
- Kupanda mtundu wokhala ndi tulo tating'onoting'ono, kutentha kwambiri komanso kuwala kokwanira.
- Masamba amasanduka achikasu. Ndikukalamba kwachilengedwe ndikufa masamba, ndi kucha zipatso, pomwe michere yonse imathamangira ku zipatso.
Kuti mumve zambiri zokhudzana ndi matenda a clivia, kuphatikiza chifukwa chomwe masamba samaphuka kapena masamba amauma ndikusintha chikaso, pezani nkhani ina.
Clivia ndi chomera chochititsa chidwi komanso chokongola ngakhale chopanda maluwa, chifukwa cha masamba ataliatali a xiphoid, anakonzedwa mu fan yokongola. Kodi tinganene chiyani za nyengo yamaluwa, pomwe mu February maluwa amoto ofiira a lalanje amatuluka pachimake chachitali.
Kuti izi zitheke, ingokumbukirani kuti clivia imafunikira mtendere nthawi yachisanu yophukira komanso malo okhazikika. Clivia sangakhale ndi nkhawa, osamusintha nthawi yopuma ndi maluwa, ndipo akusangalatsani ndi maluwa omwe akhala akudikirira kwanthawi yayitali.