Mitundu ndi mitundu yama marigolds osatha komanso apachaka. Kudzala ndikuchoka. Zithunzi zazomera
Marigolds (kapena Tagetes) ndi mtundu wazomera zosatha kapena zapachaka za banja la Asteraceae kapena Asteraceae.
Dzinalo linaperekedwa ndi Carl Linnaeus polemekeza mwana wa Jupiter Tages. Choyamba chidachokera ku Latin America kupita ku Spain, kenako chinafalikira ku Europe konse.
M'mayiko osiyanasiyana ali ndi mayina osiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, ku Ukraine - "ometedwa wakuda", ku Great Britain - golide wa Mary, ku Germany - "duwa la ophunzira".
Miyambo yazomera ndi mbiriyakale
Oyamba kusilira maluwa awa - Aaztec - anafesa minda yonse kukongola. Posakhalitsa, maluwa agolide adagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza komanso kupewa malungo., kuwonongeka ndi matenda a impso. Iwo sanaiwale za ma marigolds pamiyambo yamwambo.
Amwenyewa anali otsimikiza kuti maluwa a ophunzira amamera kulikonse komwe golide amapezeka. Ndipo tsopano aku Latin America amalemekeza ma marigold osatha ndikukongoletsa nyumba zawo nawo pa Tsiku la Onse Akufa ndipo nthawi zonse amabzala manda ndi mbewu izi. Ndi kufalikira kwa Tagetes padziko lonse lapansi, kutchuka kwawo sikuchepa konse: m'maiko ambiri, ma marigolds akuimira moyo wautali.
Kulongosola kwa botanical ndi momwe amawonekera
Zimayambira maluwawo ndi olunjika ndi nthambi, zimatha kukula kuyambira 20 cm mpaka 120 cm, kutengera mitundu. Mizu ndiyofunikira. Zojambula nthawi zambiri zimagawika, ndi mano. Zonse zimakhala zobiriwira komanso zobiriwira, zomwe zimayang'anizana, ndipo nthawi zina zimasinthasintha ("makwerero").
Ma inflorescence ngati dengu, pali ziwiri komanso zosavuta, mutha kupeza zomera zamitundu yonse yachikaso, lalanje ndi bulauni.
Mitu ya oimira mitundu iyi ndi yayikulu kukula, yomwe imapangidwa ndi mzere umodzi wa masamba omwe adakula limodzi. Amamasula kwa nthawi yayitali - kuyambira Juni mpaka chisanu choyamba.
Pamakalata. Zipatso za marigolds zili ngati mbewu yakuda kapena yakuda. Zitha kusungidwa kwa zaka 3-4.
Mitundu ndi mitundu
Mwachilengedwe, mutha kuwerengera mpaka mitundu 55 ya omwe amapanga mochita zakuda.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya marigolds osatha komanso apachaka amagawidwa ndi kutalika: kuchokera pansi (mpaka 45 cm) mpaka chimphona (mpaka 120 cm).
Zolondola
Dzina lachiwiri ndi African, ngakhale kuti kwawo ndi America. Mitunduyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi sinewy, mitengo ikuluikulu yayitali ndi inflorescence, m'mimba mwake yomwe imafika masentimita 15. Mitunduyi imaperekedwa mumithunzi yachikasu ndi lalanje.
Zitsanzo za mitundu:
- Antigua.
- Gelber Stein.
- Gold Gold.
- Goldlicht.
- Sonnenschein.
- Zamgululi.
Wakanidwa
Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa Chifalansa. Mitunduyi ndi yotsika kwambiri - kutalika kwake sikupitilira masentimita 40. Kukula kwake kwa masamba kumakhalanso kocheperako - masentimita 4-7 okha, koma izi sizikutaya kukongola kwawo. Mtunduwo umatha kukhala wachikaso, lalanje, komanso bulauni, ndipo nthawi zina maluwawa amatidabwitsa ndi mitundu iwiri.
Izi ndi izi:
- Mpira Wagolide
- Mfumukazi Sophia.
- Ndimu kupanikizana.
- Alirezatalischi.
- Zovuta.
Wopepuka
Apa mudzachita chidwi ndi masamba osakhwima omwe amakula pamunsi (mpaka 30 cm). Ma inflorescence ndi ochepa - 1-2 cm, koma ofiira amawonjezeranso phale lodziwika bwino.
Oimira mitundu iyi:
- Mphete yagolide.
- Mtsinje.
Muphunzira zambiri zamtundu wa marigolds okhazikika, okanidwa komanso owonda munkhani ina.
Kufikira Tagetes
Kutchulidwa. Kubzala marigolds sikungayambitse vuto ngakhale kwa wolima kumene, chifukwa ichi ndi chimodzi mwazomera zosadzichepetsa, zomwe 99% zimakula bwino ndikusangalatsa aliyense ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Duwa la ophunzira limera mosavuta ngati njere zafesedwa pamalo otseguka, koma izi sizingachitike mpaka Meyi, nthaka ikakhala yotentha mokwanira. Koma ngati mukufuna kusilira maluwa m'mbuyomu, sikungakhale koyenera kuyamba ndi mbande.
Chithunzi
Onani chithunzi cha marigolds osatha komanso apachaka pansipa.
Kuswana mbande
Muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama pogula mbewu m'sitolo kamodzi, chifukwa muzaka zotsatirazi mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zomwe mwapeza kuchokera maluwa anu owuma. Chofunikira ndikuti mbeu ziume chaka chonse.
Koma ndi njirayi yopezera mbewu, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti marigolds makamaka ndi hybridi, chifukwa chake mbadwo wachinayi uliwonse wa mbewu udzakhala ndi mtundu umodzi wokha wa makolo awo. Zokhudza alimi odziwa zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mbewu zomwe zatuluka. Mutha kuwapeza nawonso. Izi zimafuna:
- Konzani mbewu m'mbale, yophimba ndi nsalu yothira madzi.
- tumizani mbaleyo mu thumba la pulasitiki ndikuyiyika pathupi.
M'masiku enieni atatu, mudzalandira mbewu zomwe zimaswa.
Nthawi yobzala mbewu kwa mbande imangotengera kukhumba kwanu. Mukamafuna kuwona maluwa, mukamabzala mbewu m'mbuyomu, izi zimatha kuchitika ngakhale koyambirira kwa masika. Pali mitundu ina yobzala yomwe siyenera kuphonya. Mwachitsanzo:
- Kapangidwe ka nthaka, komwe kuyenera kuphatikizapo humus, peat, turf ndi mchenga. Zonsezi ziyenera kutetezedwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena potaziyamu permanganate.
- Musaiwale za ngalande zazitali zazitali masentimita atatu ndi feteleza (koma osati manyowa!).
- Pangani mabowo ndikufalitsa nyembazo patali ndi 1.5-2 cm, kenako nkuwaza dothi lochepa.
- Samalani kwambiri mukamathirira kuti musasambe mwangozi nthangala zamadzi. Ndipo onetsetsani kuti dothi lisaume.
- Ndikofunika kuyika mabokosi ndi mbande pamalo pomwe kutentha kumafika madigiri 22-25 pamwamba pa zero.
- Muyenera kuwona mbande pasanathe masiku asanu ndi awiri, kenako sungani zotengera pamalo owala, ndipo kutentha kumatha kutsika pang'ono mpaka 15-18 degrees Celsius.
Muphunzira za momwe mungakulire marigolds kuchokera ku nthanga pano, ndikuwerenga momwe mungamere mmera wanu pano.
Tumizani kumalo otseguka
Marigolds imatha kubzalidwa panja pokhapokha chiwopsezo chakadutsa. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala mochedwa Meyi - koyambirira kwa Juni. Koma njirayi imatha kuchitidwa pokhapokha ngati pali masamba osachepera atatu pa mphukira, ndipo mizu imapangidwa mokwanira.
Nthaka ya maluwa agolide nthawi zonse imafunikira bwino popanga chomeracho, ndipo ngati sichikhala chachonde, ntchito yanu ndikudyetsa nthaka ndi feteleza panthawi yokula ndi maluwa a marigolds. Kupanda kuthirira kumatha kubweretsa kuti masamba ndi zimayambira ndizofooka, ndipo ma inflorescence ndi ochepa.
Kusankha mipando
Chernobryvtsy amakonda dzuwa. Izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa posankha malo okwerera. Maluwa awa ndi abwino kumalire.
Zolemba! M'munda, ndibwino kuti mubzale pafupi ndi kabichi, mbatata ndi zipatso zosiyanasiyana - maluwa adzakuthandizani polimbana ndi tizirombo.
Zomera zokhwima sizifunikiranso kuthirira kochuluka. Ndi bwino kuti musabzale marigolds kwambiri, maluwawa amakonda ufulu. Tinalemba mwatsatanetsatane za momwe tingabzalidwe marigolds pamalo otseguka m'nkhaniyi.
Chisamaliro
Ngati ziweto zanu zikupezeka pamalo pomwe mphepo yamphamvu imawomba pafupipafupi, ndiye kuti ziyenera kukhala zowateteza. Ndikofunika kuti musapitilize ndikuchokapo. Zovala zapamwamba siziyenera kuchitidwa kamodzi pamwezi., chifukwa apo ayi chitsamba chimangokhalira kukula, osati kuphuka.
Ndikofunika kuwunika mosamala kuti palibe kuchepa kwa chinyezi, komwe kumayambitsa matenda, kuvunda komanso kusowa kwa maluwa a marigolds (momwe mungasamalire komanso momwe mungadyetse marigolds kuti akhale ndi maluwa ochuluka?). M'nyengo yotentha kwambiri, ndi bwino kuthirira maluwa madzulo.
Mwachizoloŵezi chapadera, muyenera kuchotsa namsongole ndi kumasula nthaka, chifukwa chomera chilichonse chiyenera kupuma, ndipo nthaka yodzaza siyilola kutero. Kudulira kumalimbikitsidwa nthawi yotentha kuti apange zitsamba zobiriwira patsogolo. Ndibwino ngati mukukumbukira kudula masamba omwe adazilala. Kuchokera apa, zatsopano zidzatsegulidwa mwachangu komanso mwamphamvu. Tinafotokozera mwatsatanetsatane momwe tingasamalire ma marigolds kuti aphulike munkhani ina.
Werengani za kusamalira ma marigolds mutabzala panja pano.
Matenda
Blackleg
Nthawi zambiri amapezeka muzomera zazing'ono. Amadziwika ndi utoto wowala pansi pa tsinde, womwe umayamba mdima ndikuwonongeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewu yonse ifere.
Kuti mupewe izi, muyenera kukumbukira kuthira mankhwala padziko lapansi mukamabzala mbewu, koma musapitirire ndi potaziyamu permanganate. Ngati njira zodzitetezerazi sizinateteze maluwa ku matendawa, Ndikofunika kudula madera omwe akhudzidwa ndikuchepetsa kuchepa kwamadzi ndi kuchuluka. Chitani izi pokhapokha dothi lapamwamba litauma. Ngati izi sizikuthandizani, ndipo chomeracho chikupitilira kufa, tikulimbikitsanso kuti tikudzanso mu nthaka yatsopano.
Mizu yowola
Chifukwa cha zovuta za marigolds, mizu yowola imatha kuwaukira. Zimadziwikiratu pakukula pang'onopang'ono kwa chomeracho komanso chikaso cha tsinde ndi masamba. Kuti mupewe tsokali, muyenera kuganizira malingaliro onse pakusankha malo obwera omwe aperekedwa m'nkhaniyi pamwambapa.
Zofunika! Osabzala maluwa pomwe maluwa omwe ali ndi matendawa amapezeka chaka chatha.
Mutha kudziwa zoyenera kuchita ngati marigolds awuma, masamba akufota ndi masamba akuda, mutha kudziwa m'nkhani ina.
Tizirombo
Kangaude
Zimadziwonetsera zokha ngakhale pa mbande ngati zili mchipinda chokhala ndi mpweya wouma. Koma nthawi zina zomera zopangidwa kale zitha kudziwitsidwa ndi zoopsazi nthawi yamvula. Zizindikiro za kuwonongeka: masamba amakhala oyera, kenako chomera chonse chimafa.
Mutha kulimbana ndi nkhupakupa pofewetsa mpweya. Alimi ambiri amaluwa amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito tincture wa fodya. Konzani motere: tsanulirani magalamu 200 a fodya ndi malita atatu amadzi ndipo mulole apange kwa masiku awiri. Kenako imasefedwa ndi kusungunuka mpaka malita 10 amadzi ndikuwonjezera magalamu 50 a sopo wochapa mpaka itasungunuka. Njirayi ndi yokonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo. Kuti mumve zambiri pazomwe mungachite ngati kangaude kapena tizirombo tina tawoneka pa marigolds, werengani nkhaniyi.
Whitefly
Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timapezeka nthawi yotentha kwambiri ndipo timayamwa madziwo m'masamba, ndipo mphutsi zake zimayambitsa masamba ndi fungus, yomwe imasanduka yakuda. Pofuna kuthana ndi ntchentche zoyera, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera ogulidwa m'sitolo.
Slugs ndi nkhono
Iwo amapita kuukira mu konyowa nyengo, gnawing zimayambira ndi masamba. Pofuna kulimbana ndi slugs, mumangofunika kuwatenga kuchokera kuzomera ndi kuwaza nthaka mozungulira ndi phulusa ndi laimu.
Mutha kuphunzira zambiri zamatenda onse ndi tizirombo ta marigolds mwapadera.
Zoswana
Sizingakhale zopanda pake kukukumbutsani zakufunika kosintha mbewu zanu zaka zitatu kapena zinayi zilizonse, chifukwa pambuyo pake, marigolds ataya mawonekedwe ake.
Zonse zokhudza marigolds. Kudzala, kulima, kusamalira, tizirombo, matenda, kudyetsa ndi kubereka: