Timayankha funso lotchuka: kodi orchid ingabzalidwe m'nthaka wamba?

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Masiku ano, chakuti ma orchid samakula pansi kwadziwika. Koma pamabwalo olima maluwa nthawi ndi nthawi pamakhala zidziwitso kuti "orchid yanga imakula ndikuphuka pansi ndikumva bwino!" Ndiye wolondola ndani, ndipo kodi ndizotheka kumera chomera chodabwitsa m'nthaka wamba?

Kuchokera m'nkhaniyi muphunzira ngati ma orchid amatha kumera m'nthaka wamba, ndi mitundu iti yomwe ili yoyenera kuchita izi, momwe mungasamutsire maluwawo pansi.

Kodi kutsika kumaloledwa?

Ponena za ma orchids ndikubzala kwawo panthaka, choyamba muyenera kusankha mtundu wa orchid womwe ukutanthauza. Amatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu akulu:

Epiphyte - safuna malo, koma mumere pamitengo. Mosiyana ndi zomwe ambiri amakhulupirira, ma orchids a epiphytic si majeremusi, amatenga chinyezi ndi michere zofunikira mlengalenga ndi m'mvula.
Mafinya - amakula m'malo osayerekezeka pakuwona koyamba: pamiyala yopanda kanthu. Ili ndiye gawo laling'ono la ma orchid.
Maluwa a orchid - amapanga gulu laling'ono. Mosiyana ndi awiri oyamba, ali ndi mizu yapansi panthaka kapena ma tubers. Monga lamulo, mitundu iyi imakula m'malo otentha ndipo siabwino ngati kukongola kwachilendo kotentha. Izi zikuphatikiza Bletilla striata, Pleione, Orchis, ndi Cypripedium.

Buku: Mitundu yomwe yatchulidwayo imalekerera bwino osati kungokula pansi, komanso nyengo yozizira. Chifukwa chake mutha kuwabzala mosavuta ... m'munda.

Kotero, musanadzale orchid pansi kapena mu khungwa, muyenera kudziwa kuti ndi gulu liti. Ngati orchid ndi yapadziko lapansi, imakula bwino m'nthaka yakuda. Koma ndi ma epiphyte, zinthu sizabwino kwenikweni.

Chifukwa chiyani izi zimatsutsana pazomera zambiri?

Ma orchids a Epiphytic amabzalidwa kokha mu gawo lapansi, dziko lidzawawononga mwachangu. Kuchokera ku chiyani? Zonse ndizokhudza mizu yawo. Mizu ya orchid epiphytic ndiye gawo lofunikira kwambiri kwa iyo, yochita izi:

Amamangiriza orchid ku gawo lapansi, kulilola kuti likhale lokhazikika ndi lokhazikika.
Mwachangu, pamodzi ndi masamba, amatenga nawo mbali pa photosynthesis. Mitundu ina imatenga kuwala kwa dzuwa makamaka kudzera mumizu - imayenera kubzalidwa m'miphika yowonekera.
Tengani chinyezi ndi michere yakumlengalenga (ndi pang'ono) kuchokera ku khungwa la zomera) - kuwonetsetsa ntchito yofunika ya mbewuyo.

Kuti mukwaniritse bwino ntchitoyi, mizu ya ma orchids imakutidwa ndi chinthu chapadera - velamen - mnofu wonyezimira wonyezimira... Chifukwa chake, mizu imasunga chinyezi, ndikupatsa chomeracho pakufunika. Koma ayenera kukhala owuma. Kuti mumvetse chifukwa chake zili choncho, taganizirani chinkhupule. Imagwira mosavuta ndikusungunuka chinyezi.

Koma chimachitika ndi chiyani mukaisiya ili yonyowa kwa nthawi yayitali komanso yopanda mpweya? Ndiko kulondola, siponji imayamba kupangidwa. Zomwezo zimachitika ndi mizu yosakhwima ya orchid, yotsekedwa m'nthaka wamba. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake (wandiweyani, amachititsa kuti chinyezi chisamayende bwino - mpweya), sichimauma kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo mizu imangolemetsa popanda mpweya. Ngati chomeracho sichidulitsidwa mwachangu, mizu imayamba kuvunda, kenako chomeracho chitha kufa.

Zofunika: ngakhale kufunika kwa mizu, orchid yokhala ndi mizu yovunda iyenera kuyambiranso. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kupanga kuti azitha kutentha (kuziyika mumphika popanda gawo lapansi, koma ndi madzi komanso mufilimu).

Kodi mitundu ya epiphytic ingakhudzidwe bwanji ndikuwayika mu chernozem wamba?

Zazikulu, ndipo, tsoka, Kuyesa kosayembekezereka pakukula kwa ma orchids mdziko wamba kunachitika nthawi yoyamba kumayambiriro kwa Europe... Olima minda, atachita chidwi ndi kukongola kwa mbewu zam'malo otentha, anali okonzeka kulipira mitengo yabwino kwambiri ndipo adawapatsa dothi labwino kwambiri: nthaka yakuda yolemera. Koma pazifukwa zina zomerazo zinafa mochuluka ...

Ngati mungayese kubzala mitundu yomwe sanaikidwe mu nthaka yakuda, chomeracho sichikhala motalika. Mwachitsanzo:

Phalaenopsis - ma orchid omwe amapezeka kunyumba. Amafuna mpweya wabwino kwambiri, ndipo amafera mumiphika yokhala ndi khungwa lolimba kwambiri. Ngakhale mutangowaza mizu yawo ndi nthaka wamba, chomeracho posachedwa chidzatsamwa. Nthawi yomweyo, phalaenopsis ndi duwa lodzichepetsa lomwe limatha kukhalapo nthawi yayitali m'malo ovuta. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mutha kupeza zitsanzo ikamakula komanso imamasula mumphika ndi dothi.
Koma chozizwitsa chotere sichikhala motalika: mizu idzaola pang'onopang'ono ndipo chomeracho chidzafa. Mwa njira, ngati phalaenopsis iphulika m'nthaka, mwina ndizopweteka, chifukwa maluwa a orchid nthawi zina amapezeka ngati momwe zimakhalira ndi zovuta.
Wanda... Chomerachi chimakhala chosasunthika ndipo sichiyenera woyambitsa kumene. Imafunikira kufikira mpweya nthawi zonse kotero kuti imakula bwino mumiphika yopanda gawo lililonse, yokhala ndi mizu yopanda kanthu. Ikalowa m'nthaka, imatha msanga masamba, kenako imafa. Wanda sangathe kuphulika mdziko lapansi.
Ascocenda... Monga Wanda, amakonda kuyendetsa mpweya, amafunikira mphika wapulasitiki wokhala ndi gawo lochepa. Ngati mudzabzala m'nthaka yakuda, ndiye kuti posakhalitsa mudzawona chikasu cha masamba, kenako amayamba kugwa. Mukachikumba panthawiyi, mutha kuwona kusintha m'mizu: osafikiranso mpweya, amasintha kukhala achikaso ndi theka atazungulira. Kubzala mwachangu kokha ndi kumene kungapulumutse mbewuyo.

Ndi mitundu iti yomwe imamera m'nthaka?

Ngati mwagula orchid ndipo mukukayikira zomwe mungabzala, muyenera kudziwa kuti ndi mitundu yanji. Ngati chomeracho chimapezeka ku Himalaya, Australia kapena Southeast Asia, ndiye kuti mwina chingafune malo. Ndiwo ma orchid omwe akubala mwachangu masiku ano, ndipo chifukwa chake, zimapezeka zimphona zomwe zimasinthidwa kukhala nyumba komanso nthaka. Mwachitsanzo:

Hemaria (Haemaria);
Makode (Macode);
Anectochilus (Anoectochilus);
Goodyera.

Palinso ma orchid omwe amamera ku Ukraine, Russia ndi Belarus., ndipo malo awo ndi gawo lodziwika bwino. Ndi:

Limodorum;
Maluwa;
Ophris;
Lyubka;
Anacampis;
Mungu;
Chala-chala;
Choterera cha Lady ndi ena.

Nthawi zambiri, cymbidium imagulitsidwa ngati maluwa omwe amamera pansi. Amafuna nthaka yolemera yomwe imatha kusunga chinyezi pafupi ndi mizu, komanso kuthirira pafupipafupi. Amatha kukhala ngakhale panthaka yakuda wamba, ngakhale khungwa komanso nthaka yamasamba (humus) zimaphatikizidwa pakupanga dothi labwino kwambiri la cymbidium.

Kodi ndiyenera kusungunula nthaka?

Nthaka ya orchid yogulidwa nthawi zina imakhala ndi nthaka. Mutha kuwonjezeradi ngati muli ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imakonda chinyezi chambiri. Koma osati dothi wamba lakuda! Mutha kusokoneza nthaka yotchedwa masamba: iyi ndi nthaka yomwe imapezeka masamba atawonongeka m'nkhalango. Ndi wolemera kwambiri ndipo chomeracho chimakula bwino mmenemo. Mutha kuzikumba nokha, kenako nkusani mosamala ndikuwonjezera malinga ndi kaphatikizidwe kamene mukukapanga (mutha kuwerenga zambiri za nthaka ya ma orchids pano, mwatsatanetsatane za zomwe ndibwino kuchita kunyumba kapena kugula dothi lokonzedwa bwino, mutha kudziwa ). Koma kuchuluka kwa nthaka sikuyenera kupitirira 40%.

Mwachitsanzo, mu chisakanizo cha khungwa, nthaka, mchenga ndi malasha, maluwa a Ludzia amakula bwino (zosiyanasiyana ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira komanso maluwa ang'onoang'ono onga ngale).

Kusankha kosakanikirana

Mukapeza orchid yapadziko lapansi, mudzakumana ndi vuto: kulibe zosakanikirana zokonzedwa kale za iwo. Kutalika komwe sitolo ingakupatseni ndi gawo lapansi la ma violets. Koma imakhala ndi peat imodzi yokwanira ndipo siyoyenera ma orchid.

Muyenera kupanga nokha chisakanizo. Zida zonse za gawo lapansi lamtsogolo zitha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu:

Malo oyambira nthaka (tsamba, kuwaika kapena nthaka ya coniferous, peat).
Kumasula zowonjezera (osati masamba ovunda kwathunthu, moss, malasha, makungwa kapena polystyrene).
Manyowa achilengedwe (dongo ndi mullein wouma).

Upangiri! Pogwirizanitsa magulu atatuwa, mutha kupeza chisakanizo choyenera.

Momwe mungasamutsire maluwa?

Kuyamba, pezani maluwa omwe muli nawo... Mitundu yonse yapadziko lapansi ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri:
- Zowonongeka - zomwe zimafuna kubzala kachiwiri pachaka. M'nyengo yadzuwa masamba ndi mizu yonse imafa. Amafuna dziko lapansi kukhala lowala momwe zingathere komanso nthawi yomweyo kuti akhale ndi thanzi. Izi ndi monga: ma calantes, ma katazamu, ma playon, ma bletios, bletilla. Kusakaniza kwabwino: dothi lamasamba, nthaka yamatope, humus, peat wofiira, mizu ya fern, mchenga wamtsinje (tengani chiwonetsero cha 2/2/2/1/2/1).
- Nthawi zonse zobiriwira zomwe sizikusowa kubzala pachaka. Amabzalidwa pomwe gawo lapansi livunda kapena mizu imatuluka m'mphepete mwa mphika. Izi zimaphatikizapo ma cymbidiums, mitundu yobiriwira yobiriwira ya paphiopedilums, fajus, mitundu yambiri ya phragmipediums, yomwe yasonkhanitsidwa. Kusakaniza kwabwino: nthaka yolimba, masamba owola, mizu ya fern, sphagnum, mchenga wamtsinje (3/1/2/1/1 ratio).
Komanso sankhani mphika... Zitha kukhala pulasitiki kapena ceramic, koma mabowo okwera ngalande amafunikabe. Mzere wapamwamba wa ngalande umayikidwa pansi (mabwinja osweka, zidutswa zosweka kapena zidutswa za thovu pulasitiki - osachepera 3-4 cm).
Ndiye chotsani orchid mumphika wapitawo (ndibwino kuti muuphwasule kapena kuudula - motere mizu sidzawonongeka), yang'anani ndikutsuka mizu. Kuti muwone ngati muzuwo uli wamoyo, osafinya ndi chala chanu. Mizu yamoyo iyenera kukhala yolimba.
Ndiye orchid imayikidwa mumphika ndikuphimbidwa ndi nthaka yokonzedwa... Osamiza kwambiri mu chisakanizocho - mizu iyenera kupuma. Kusakaniza kwa nthaka sikuyenera kukhala koponderezedwa, kutseka kale pakapita nthawi. Mutha kuthirira orchid mukamabzala posachedwa patadutsa masiku atatu - kuti mupewe zowola.

Ngati zonse zachitika molondola: maluwa a orchid amafotokozedwa molondola, ndi nthaka, nthaka ndi yosakanikirana bwino ndikuiyika popanda kuvulala, ndiye kuti chomeracho chidzavomerezedwa. Ndipo posachedwa orchid yanu yomwe ikukula panthaka ikuthokozani ndi maluwa obiriwira!

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