Kufotokozera ndi chithunzi cha petunia Mkuntho Siliva, komanso kusamalira chomera ichi

Petunia wapeza chikondi ndi chisamaliro chapadera kuchokera kwa wamaluwa pazaka 100 zapitazi. Ndipo izi si zachilendo.

Maluwa ake ogwira ntchito komanso mitundu yambiri yamithunzi imathandiza kuti azikongoletsa munda wamaluwa ndi mabedi amaluwa a chilimwe a malo omwera okwera mtengo kapena makonde amaluwa.

Kuchokera m'nkhaniyi muphunzira zambiri za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya petunia, momwe imawonekera, mitundu yake yonse, komanso momwe mungasamalire, kufalitsa.

Muthanso kuonera kanema wonena za kumusamalira.

Mbiri yoyambira

Maluwa owala bwino kwambiri anafika mu 1793 kuchokera ku Uruguay ngati herbarium youma. Mmodzi mwa olima minda odziwika nthawi imeneyo, a Jean Baptiste Lamarck, adamutcha dzina loti Nicotinia axillaris (Nicotinia, dzina lofanana ndi mawu oti "chikonga").

Malangizo! Pambuyo pake, duwa linasinthidwa kukhala Petunia axillaris (wochokera ku Brazil "Petun" - fodya).

Zosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe

Akatswiri odziwa bwino amasiyanitsa mitundu iwiri yokha ya petunias:

• Zambiri (Multiflora).
• Zazikulu-zazikulu (Grandiflora).

Petunia yayikulu imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa maluwa amodzi (osowa awiri) akulu, okhala ndi mainchesi a masentimita 9. Amakhala opanda chidwi kwambiri ndi kapangidwe kake ka nthaka, komanso samapulumuka mikhalidwe yotentha kwambiri, chifukwa chake tikulimbikitsidwa kuti timere iwo mosamalitsa m'madengu opachika. Kuphatikiza apo, masamba osalimba a chikhalidwechi ali pachiwopsezo cha mvula yambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ayenera kuziphimba pansi pa denga kapena padenga.

Petunia Mkuntho, uli ndi voluminous, bwino, rhizome, ambiri zimayambira ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono. Ma inflorescence awo obiriwira nthawi zambiri samakula osapitilira masentimita 5 m'mimba mwake ndipo amasiyana mitundu yosiyana siyana, kuyambira yoyera yoyera mpaka yofiira kwambiri kapena yamchenga. Multi-flowered petunia moyenerera ndi ya zokongoletsa zokongola zomwe zingakuthandizeni kubweretsa zolemba zachikondi komanso zoyambira panjira yanu, maluwa kapena ngakhale wowonjezera kutentha.

Siliva

Mwina, Mmodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya chomera chomwe chatchulidwa pamwambapa ndi Typhoon Silver Ndi mtundu wopatsa chidwi kwambiri womwe umamasula nthawi yonse yotentha ndipo umapanga zimayambira zolimba zopitilira 1.5 mita m'litali. Imadzikonzanso msanga mvula yambiri ikagwa, mphepo yamkuntho ndi kuwonongeka kwina, ndipo maluwa ake osamalidwa bwino amatha mpaka chisanu choyamba.

Petunia Mkuntho uli ndi kukula kodabwitsa, ndichifukwa chake ukufunikiranso pakati pamaluwa aku Russia okonda masewera. Imakula mofulumira kwambiri, ndikupanga chitsamba chobiriwira ndi maluwa zana kapena awiri kale masabata atatu mutabzala mbande. Chomerachi chimagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi chilengedwe chokhwima, ndipo mizu yolimba imathandizira kuti chinyezi chimachokera m'mbali zotsika za nthaka.

Chithunzi

Kenako, mutha kuwona chithunzi cha Mkuntho petunia:

Malamulo ndi maupangiri akomwe mungadzala ndi momwe mungadzalime

1. Nthaka yofesa petunias sayenera kukhala ndi acidity ndi alkalinity. Masamba otayirira, opatsa thanzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amatha kusunga madzi ofunikira, koma osanyowa nthawi yomweyo, kumasula madzi owonjezera.

   Masitolo amagulitsa zosakaniza zokonzeka momwe mungadzisakanizire nokha, ndikuphatikiza magawo ofanana a peat, nthaka yamatope, humus wowola ndi mchenga pang'ono. Onetsetsani zosakaniza zonse bwinobwino, pitani kangapo - kupyola mu sieve yayikulu, kenako yaying'ono.

2. Pansi pa bokosi kapena mphika, muyenera kutsanulira dongo losweka (lomwe likhala ngati ngalande), pamwamba pake pali kuwunika kwakukulu kosakanizika ndi dothi, pomwe zowunikira zazing'ono ziyenera kudzaza pamwamba, ndikusiya masentimita 6 m'mbali. Fukani nyemba pa nthaka yonyowa, kufalitsa mofanana ndi kuwaza mopepuka ndi madzi.

   Sikoyenera kubzala nyembazo ndi nthaka, chifukwa zimafuna kuwala kuti zikule. Kuti mugwirizane ndi nthaka, muyenera kuyika njere iliyonse pang'ono.

3. Ngati mukufuna kudziwa momwe mungakulire mbande za petunia m'njira zosavuta, mapiritsi a peat ndiabwino kwa inu, osati zotengera. Ayenera kudzazidwa ndi madzi ofunda, kenako atakhazikika. Mbeu zazing'ono za petunia ziyenera kuikidwa mosamala m'mabowo ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi zopalira.

   Mbeu zobzalidwa m'mabokosi kapena mapiritsi a peat ziyenera kutsekedwa ndi magalasi kuti athe kupezera mpweya, kwinaku kumatentha kwambiri (kuposa madigiri 24) komanso chinyezi chochepa.

4. Ma hybrids am'badwo watsopanowu ndiosafunikira kwenikweni kutentha ndi chinyezi: samakula kutentha pang'ono, ndipo kutentha kwambiri, amakhala tcheru ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikutambasula.

   Mutha kupanga chinyontho chokhazikika mwa kupopera madzi ndi zowonjezera potaziyamu permanganate kawiri patsiku. Zikatero, petunia imamera patsiku lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Mphukira zoyamba zikangowonekera, galasi liyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo. Izi ziyenera kuchitika pang'onopang'ono, kumachotsa mbande popanda pogona kwa mphindi 7 1 kamodzi patsiku. Onjezani nthawi iliyonse masiku asanu ndi awiri mpaka masamba enieni atseguke pa zimayambira - ndiye kuti pogona pazichotsedwa.

   Chifukwa cha njirayi, mbande zimasinthidwa kunyumba ndikulimba. Mbande za petunia, zomwe zili ndi masamba awo, zimasamutsidwa ku chidebe chosiyana (ngati mbewu zidafesedwa koyambirira pamapiritsi a peat, ntchitoyi ndiyosavuta kwambiri), mwachitsanzo, m'mgalasi apulasitiki.

   Upangiri! Muzitsulo zosiyana, zidzakhala zosavuta kuti chomeracho chikule, chimakula bwino, komanso chidzakhala chosavuta kuchiyika pansi.

Matenda wamba ndi tizirombo

Kangaude

Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono timabisala kwa mlimi kwa moyo wawo wonse. Amapezeka kokha ndi mawonekedwe a kangaude ndi zotuluka zoyera. Mitundu ya tizirombo zotere imatha kuchoka pamaluwa kupita kwina., akudwalitsa chilichonse chomwe chili m'njira yake.

Zizindikiro:

• Kuwonekera kwa madera a tiziromboti pansi pamunsi mwa tsamba ndikupanga kangaude.
• Nthawi ina, mabala owala amapangidwa pamwamba pa utoto, womwe pang'onopang'ono umakula ndikulimba koyera. Zotsatira zake, masamba amafota ndikuphwanyika.

Njira zowongolera: muyenera kupopera mbewu ndi mankhwala a dandelion, gwiritsani ntchito ma acaricides (Neoron, Apollo, Demitan).

Thrips

Izi ndi tizirombo tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi oblong mpaka 1.5 mm kutalika., imvi kapena chithaphwi. Amasuntha m'magulu angapo ndipo amakhala mkati ndi kunja kwa masamba.

Zizindikiro za matenda:

• Matenda a thrips pa petunias amadziwika ndi mikwingwirima yoyera yotentha pamasamba.
• Maluwa ndi masamba amapunduka ndipo chomeracho chimayamba kuuma.

Njira zowongolera: sungani maluwa ndi ma bioinsecticides, monga, Spintor-240, ikani mankhwala ophera tizilombo Aktara, Confidor, ndi zina zambiri.

Aphid

Wina wosadziwika, koma mdani woopsa wa maluwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba... Mitundu mazana angapo ya nsabwe za m'masamba zimawopseza petunias, ndipo iliyonse ya iwo iyenera kumenyedwa "mpaka dontho lotsiriza la magazi."

Zizindikiro za matenda:

• Mbali zina za maluwa omwe amakhudzidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba zimakutidwa ndi madontho a mame otsekemera.
• Popita nthawi, bowa wakuda amawonjezedwa m'malo omwe akhudzidwa, ndipo masamba omwe ali ndi kachilombo amafooka ndikupindika.

Njira zoyendetsera: gwiritsani ntchito zachilengedwe za adani a nsabwe za m'masamba: ladybug, lacewing, hoverfly.

Zofunika! Njira zothanirana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndizo Aktara, Confidor.

Zoswana

Pali njira zitatu zokulira petunia:

1. Pogwiritsa ntchito mbande... Atagula mbande zopangidwa kale, wolima dimba amatha kubzala nthaka yabwino ndikudikirira mphukira. Imeneyi ndi njira yosavuta, yomwe sikutanthauza luso lapamwamba komanso luso.Monga lamulo, siamaluwa ambiri ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe angakwanitse kugula mbande zofunikira.
2. Kupyolera mu mbewu... Kukula petunia kuchokera ku mbewu ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri, ngakhale kwa wolima dimba wodziwa zambiri, osatchula oyamba kumene. Mtengo wokwera ndi chimodzi mwazovuta zawo, zomwe zimawonjezeredwa ndikuti theka la mbewu zobzalidwa zimatha kufa.
3. Zodula... Pakati pa wamaluwa, kufalitsa petunias pogwiritsa ntchito cuttings ndi njira yotchuka kwambiri komanso yopezeka mosavuta yokula shrub yomwe imamasula kwa nthawi yayitali. Ndi ndalama, yosavuta, koma yotsika mtengo kwa ngakhale wokonda kwambiri chomera. Kudula ndikulima kwa mbewu pogwiritsa ntchito cuttings, ndiye kuti, mphukira yochokera ku chomeracho chayamba maluwa. Ndikudula kolondola komanso kusamalira bwino mphukira, mwayi wokula maluwa okongola ndiwokwera kwambiri.

Maluwa ngati Petunia amadziwika ndi aliyense. Mupeza malo ochepa pomwe chomeracho sichingakongoletse. Amalimidwa m'mabedi amaluwa, miphika, miphika, komanso ngakhale ndi maluwa ofukula. M'nkhani zathu, tikufuna kugawana nanu chidwi komanso chothandiza chokhudza mitundu iyi: mitundu ya Ramblin ndi Taydal, ampel mitundu - Wave ndi Opera, hybrids - F1 Gioconda, Starry Sky, komanso Grandiflora yamaluwa pachaka.

Mapeto

Zovala zapamwamba ziyenera kufotokozedwa milungu iwiri mutabzala. Poyamba, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi feteleza kumagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku awiri alionse, kusakaniza zosakaniza za zopatsa mphamvu komanso zovuta za feteleza wama vitamini ndi mavitamini okhala ndi nayitrogeni. M'tsogolomu, mutha kuwonjezera mavalidwe apamwamba pamizu.

Zinthu zazing'ono zokuthandizani kukulitsa chomera chokongola:

• mbande za petunia zimafuna kuwala pafupifupi usana ndi usiku, ngakhale usiku;
• mawonekedwe a kutumphuka pansi sayenera kuloledwa;
• pamene mizu ikukula, petunia imayenera kuikidwa;
• onjezerani dothi ngati zikamera kutali;
• Pofuna kulima mitundu yapadera komanso yotsika mtengo, gwiritsani ntchito mapiritsi a peat.

Onerani kanemayo: די משקה מתוך ההצגה יידל מיטן פידל תיאטרון יידישפיל (September 2024).