Basamu wamkati: Kukula ndi kusamalira kunyumba. Tizirombo ndi matenda

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Dzina lina la basamu ndi "Vanka wet". Sizingachitike mwangozi kuti amamutcha choncho mwa anthu wamba. Amakonda chinyezi. Akapanda kuchipeza, masamba onse adzauma ndi kufota. Nthawi zina "misozi ya Vanka" imawonekera.

Madontho a chinyezi amawoneka pamasamba patsiku lokhala ndi dzuwa, pomwe madzi amvula amakhala olimba. Kodi ndizovuta kulima ndi kusamalira basamu kunyumba?

M'nkhaniyi, tikukuuzani mtundu wa maluwa, maluwa ndi chisamaliro chake ndi mavuto ati ndi tizirombo tomwe amakumana nawo pakukula kwa basamu.

Kodi duwa limeneli ndi chiyani?

Mafuta a Basamu ndi chomera cha banja la Balsamin... Pali mitundu yambiri ya izo (400), ndikuzigawa m'modzi kuti zisathe. Amakula kumadera otentha komanso otentha, ku Asia ndi Africa.

Malangizo! Kumasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chilatini, mawu oti "basamu" amamasuliridwa kuti "osapirira." Zipatso za chomeracho ndizapadera. Mukazigwira mosadziwa, zimang'ambika, ndikuponyera nyembazo patali.

Chomeracho chimakhala ndi masamba obiriwira, okoma komanso ofewa... Masamba onse ndi athunthu kapena amano. Ali lanceolate. Zolemba sizipezeka. Masanjidwe a tsinde pa tsinde ndi otsutsana kapena opindika. Mtundu wawo ndi wobiriwira, koma mthunzi ndi wosiyana. Pakati pa maluwa, maluwa amawoneka mosakhazikika.

Amakhala ovuta kapena osavuta. Nthawi zambiri malowa amakhala payekha, nthawi zambiri samasonkhanitsidwa mu inflorescence otayirira. Maluwawo akhoza kukhala ofiira, oyera kapena achikasu. Pambuyo maluwa, zipatso zimapangidwa - kapisozi wambiri.

Makhalidwe ndi mikhalidwe ya kuswana

Ngakhale mitundu ya basamu itasiyana bwanji - kapangidwe ka tsinde, mawonekedwe a masamba ndi maluwa, ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana:

Kufunika kwa chinyezi. Mukaumitsa dothi mumphika, ndikuiwala zakuthirira kwakanthawi, chomeracho chimazimiririka. Chokhacho chomwe "chonyowa Vanka" sichimalola ndikuchepa kwa chinyezi m'mizu.
Kudzala mumphika wawung'ono kuti musinthe maluwa. Akabzalidwa mumphika waukulu wa basamu, mphamvu zake zonse zimagwiritsa ntchito kulima ndi kukula. Sichidzaphuka, ndipo izi ndi zamanyazi kwa wolima aliyense.
Kufalitsa kosavuta ndi mbewu kapena zodulira. Ndizotheka kukulitsa chomera chatsopano kuchokera nthawi yomweyo.
Matenda omwe amatsogolera ku kutayika kwa zokongoletsa.

Mutagula mafuta a basamu ayenera kuikidwa... Nthaka yake imasankhidwa mosamala, posankha gawo loyera, makamaka losankhidwa kuti likhale maluwa. Popanda kumvera malangizowa, amalima akukumana ndi masamba ochulukirapo, koma osakhala ndi maluwa. Osabzala duwa m'nthaka yolemera yodzaza ndi michere ndi michere. Bwino kudyetsa mbewu kawiri pamwezi.

Mitengo iwiri ya basamu ndi maluwa amitundu yosiyana imabzalidwa mumphika umodzi. Chifukwa chodzazidwa mwachangu ndi mizu, imabzalidwa kawiri pachaka - mchaka ndi nthawi yophukira. Mutha kuwerenga za zovuta za kubzala ndikusiya m'nkhaniyi.

Njira zoberekera

Pali njira ziwiri zoberekera basamu: mbewu ndi kudula... Ndi njira iti yomwe newbies ayenera kusankha?

Cuttings ndi njira yosavuta yofalitsira mafuta osatha. Sichitopetsa, ndipo ngati kungafunike, ngakhale wosakhala katswiri atha kuthana ndi ntchitoyi. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuti mphukira zathanzi zimalowa mumphika watsopano. Amadulidwa mosamala, kuwerengera ma internode awiri mukamadula.

Pambuyo podulidwa, mphukira zimayikidwa m'madzi kapena nthawi yomweyo zimabzalidwa m'nthaka yonyowa. Posachedwapa, basamu watsopano azika mizu. Ngati mwasunga mphukira m'madzi, mutha kuziyika pambuyo poti mizu yawoneka mumphika wa masentimita 10. Pakangotha miyezi ingapo, basamu adzaphuka: ikabzalidwa nthawi yophukira, maluwa amawoneka masika.

Zofunika! Simungathe kubzala basamu wapachaka: umafa utangotha maluwa.

Mukamamezimira basamu, mufunika chomera cha mayi, chidebe chowotchera ndi perlite... Kuphatikiza apo, kumeta ubweya kumathandiza pakudula mphukira.

Kuwombera kudula 50-70 mm kutalika. Zachitika osati pamwamba pa pepala, koma pansi pake.
Kuchotsa masamba apansi ndi masamba.
Kutenga chidebe chowotcha, ikani perlite mmenemo. Ndibwino kuti muphatikize mosamala, ndipo pokhapokha mutapanga kukhumudwa pang'ono ndi ndodo pakuya kwa 15-20 mm. Phesi lalowetsedwa mmenemo, dziko lapansi lathyoledwa.
Asanamalize kuzika, chotsani chidebecho pamalo otentha, owala. Kuti izi zitheke msanga, chomeracho chimadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wambiri asanadulire.

Njira yoberekera mafuta a basamu imasankhidwanso chifukwa cha kuphweka kwake komanso kuthekera kophedwa tsiku lililonse la chaka. Nthawi zina simusowa kuti muchitepo kanthu, chifukwa kubzala kumachitika. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, nyemba zokhala ndi mbewu zimaphulika ndikuyenda kosasamala pafupi nawo... Izi zimakhala chifukwa chachikulu chodzipangira mbewu.

Alimi ambiri amayamba ndi basamu, sasamala za iwo, chifukwa chake amasanduka udzu. Okonda maluwa odziwa zambiri amayesetsa kumangiriza nyemba zazing'onoting'ono ndi nsalu yopepuka yopepuka kufalikira. Mbeu zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa zimasunga kameredwe kwa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu.

Kuopsa kwa mbewu - kupeza chomera chomwe sichikwaniritsa zoyembekezera... Akadzipezera okha mbewu ya basamu yomwe ikukula pawindo, samadabwitsidwa pambuyo pobereka kuti amayi akupezeka kale.

Werengani za kuswana kunyumba ndikubwezeretsanso kwina pano.

Chotsatira ndi kanema wowonera za kufalikira kwa basamu ndi cuttings:

Momwe mungakulire bwino kunyumba?

Basamu ndi chomera chopanda phindu. Mitundu ina imamera mumthunzi, ina padzuwa. Imafunika kuthirira madzi ambiri mchaka ndi chilimwe, nyengo yotentha ikayamba. M'nyengo yozizira, sichifa ngati kutentha m'chipindako kumasungidwa mozungulira 15С.

Pakangoyamba kasupe, basamu wamkati wanyumba umakhala ndi umuna kotero kuti umamasula... Kuti muchite izi, imathiriridwa ndi feteleza wapadera kwa maluwa maluwa milungu iwiri iliyonse.

Chenjezo! Chomera chilichonse chokulirapo chimatha kupatsidwanso mphamvu popanda kumuika, ngati mungodula zimayambira zomwe simukuzikonda. Amatha kuikidwa m'madzi, ndipo mizu ikayamba kuwonekera, amabzala m'miphika.

Werengani za momwe mungasamalire basamu kunyumba kuti chomeracho chikusangalatseni ndi mawonekedwe ake kwa nthawi yayitali.

Mavuto azomera

Mafuta a basamu, monga chomera china chilichonse, amatha kupweteka.

Tizirombo

Kangaude.
Chizindikiro: mabala achikaso pamwamba pamasamba. Akapanda kuchiritsidwa, amawonjezera kukula, masambawo amataya mtundu wobiriwira ndikuuma. Kuletsa tizilombo, kulimbana ndi mpweya wouma komanso kutentha kwapanyumba.
Njira yabwino yothanirana ndi akangaude ndi kupopera mbewu ndi madzi. Mukawona kachilombo patsamba limodzi, ndibwino kuti mudule, ndikuchiritsa chilichonse chomwe chili pafupi ndi mafuta amchere kapena madzi a sopo.
Whitefly.
Chizindikiro: Kuchuluka kwamasamba achikasu okhala ndi zotulutsa zomata mkati kapena panja. Pofuna kumenya nkhondo, amagwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera zomwe zimagulitsidwa m'sitolo yamaluwa: Tanrek, Iskra, Actellik.
Mitundu yambiri yamagazi.
Zizindikiro: kuumitsa ndi kupindika kwa masamba. Kukula kwawo kumayima. Popita nthawi, amazungulira m'mbali. Pofuna kuthana ndi matendawa, chinyezi chapamwamba komanso kutentha kwapamwamba kumatetezedwa. Njira yabwino kwambiri ndikuwunika mbeuyo mosamala ndikusamalira masamba ndi Akarin, Lightning, Fitoverm, ndi zina zambiri.
Thrips.
Zizindikiro: kusintha kwa masamba achichepere, mawanga maluwa ndi maluwa ammbali kuzungulira m'mbali. Zizindikiro zoyambirira zikawoneka, maluwa ndi masamba omwe akhudzidwa ndi ma thrips amachotsedwa. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timakonda zomera zazing'ono, choncho, nthawi yomweyo mutatha kuziika kapena kugula, zimayang'aniridwa. Njira yabwino yochotsera ndikugula mankhwala Aktara, Iskra, Fufanon, ndi zina zambiri.

Matenda

Masamba akugwa chifukwa cha hypothermia, kuthirira mosasinthasintha komanso kusowa kwa kuwala. Mutathetsa vutoli ndi kuyatsa, basamu adzakusangalatsani ndi maluwa ochulukirapo.
Akugubuduza masamba... Vutoli limayambitsidwa ndi ntchito ya kangaude kapena ntchintchi. Ziwalo zonse zomwe zakhudzidwa zimachotsedwa, ndipo chomera chonsecho chimathandizidwa ndi yankho lapadera.
Masamba achikasu... Nthawi zambiri, vutoli limayamba chifukwa cha akangaude kapena kusowa kwa chinyezi. Mlimi akangodziwiratu kuthirira ndikusintha masamba, amatha.
Kugwa masamba chifukwa chouma mopitirira muyeso kapena kuthira madzi panthaka.
Kuyanika masamba chifukwa chosowa chinyezi.
Kukoka zimayambira chifukwa cha kutentha kwa mpweya mchipindamo komanso kusowa kwa dzuwa.
Vuto la pachimake chifukwa chosowa kuwala ndi michere. Kusunthira mphikawo kwina ndikuthira feteleza kawiri pamwezi kuthana nawo. Momwe mungamwetsere basamu ndi momwe mungaidyetse maluwa ambiri, muphunzira apa.

Werengani zambiri zamatenda a basamu pano.

Kuphatikiza apo, kanema wowonera komanso wophunzitsira wonena za basamu wamkati: