Maluwa ake ndi otani - Lillian's caperoma peperomia? Malamulo osamalira ndi kubereka kunyumba

Pazenera la maofesi ndi nyumba, nthawi zina mumapezeka chomera chofota masamba ndi maluwa, chofanana ndi mbendera zoyera pamitengo yofiira.

Maluwa amenewa amatchedwa Peperomia caprata Lillian. M'nkhaniyi tikambirana momwe chomera ichi chikuwonekera.

Tiphunzira momwe tingasamalire bwino maluwa kunyumba, momwe tingathanirane ndi tizirombo ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, komanso kuphunzira mitundu yobereketsa.

Kufotokozera kwa botanical

Peperomia caperata, imodzi mwamagulu amtundu wa Peperomia ochokera kubanja la Pepper. Dzinalo la mtundu - "Monga tsabola" - ndichifukwa choti masamba a peperomia, akapakidwa, amatulutsa fungo la tsabola. M'mayiko olankhula Chingerezi, peperomia amatchedwa "Radiator chomera" - "Duwa la Redieta" ndi "Chomera cha mphira wakhanda" - "Baby ficus".

Peperomia caprata (kapena makwinya peperomia) amatchedwa dzina chifukwa cha makwinya. Ponena za mitundu ya Lillian, dzinali lidapatsidwa chifukwa chofanana kwambiri ndi inflorescence ndi maluwa a kakombo. Monga mitundu yambiri ya peperomia, Lillian adadzuka mwachilengedwe, osachita zoweta.

Maluwawo adangofotokozedwa mwalamulo mu 1958, ngakhale anali kudziwika kale ku floriculture m'nyumba ku Europe ndi America. Katswiri wazamadzi waku America TJ Janker, katswiri wa banja la Pepper, sanathe kudziwa komwe mitunduyo idachokera ndikugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa herbarium.

Peperomia Lillian ndi chomera chochepa cha herbaceous, chosapitirira 30 cm kutalika. Masamba ndi obiriwira a emarodi, owoneka ngati mtima. Kumbali ya msoko, mthunziwo ndi wopepuka.

Kufanana kwa maluwa a Lillian a peperomia ndi kakombo ndi akunja kokha. M'malo mwake, pa maluwa amtundu uliwonse ofiira ofiira, palibe amodzi, koma maluwa ang'onoang'ono ambiri, omwe amatoleredwa pachimake, pachimake. Khutu ndi lokutidwa ndi tsamba loyera loyera ndi belu kumapeto. Belo limakhala nthawi yayitali mpaka mbali yayikulu ya inflorescence. Ndi tsamba lophimba ili lomwe limafanana ndi duwa lakakombo. Dziko lakwawo ndi nkhalango zamvula ku Brazil.

Chithunzi

Komanso pachithunzichi mutha kuwona momwe duwa limawonekera.

Kusamalira kunyumba

Akatswiri a zamoyo amanena kuti peperomias ndi odzichepetsa zomera. Komabe, pali malamulo angapo okhudzana ndi chisamaliro chapanyumba omwe akuyenera kutsatiridwa ndi Lillian's caperoma peperomia.

• Kutentha. Chomeracho ndi thermophilic ndipo sichimalola kuzizira. M'nyengo yotentha, kutentha kuyenera kusungidwa pa 22 ° C, nthawi yozizira - pafupifupi 20 ° C, koma osachepera 17 ° C.
• Kuthirira. Kuthirira madzi ambiri kumafunikira nthawi yokula - nthawi yachilimwe-chilimwe, koma chinyezi chowonjezera chimasokoneza mizu. M'nyengo yozizira-yozizira, peperomia iyenera kuthiriridwa pang'ono pang'ono. Peperomia sangafe popanda kuthirira kwa masiku angapo.
• Kuwala. Maluwawo ndi ojambula kwambiri, koma sangathe kulimbana ndi dzuwa nthawi yayitali. Mawindo oyang'ana kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo amakonda. M'nyengo yozizira, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi a fulorosenti kuti mukulitse masana mpaka maola 8-9 (poganizira nthawi ya kuwala kwachilengedwe).
• Kuyambitsa. Peperomia amakonda nthaka yopanda ndale. Mutha kugula dothi lokonzedwa bwino, kapena konzekerani nokha mwa kusakaniza nthaka yamatope, nthaka yamasamba, mchenga ndi peat mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 2: 1: 2. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yotayirira, apo ayi mizu siyingathe kukula.
• Kudulira. Zomera zazing'ono (mpaka zaka 2-3) zimadulidwa pazokongoletsa - kupanga tchire. Zitsamba zazikulu sizilekerera njirayi bwino. Choyamba, chomeracho chimayang'aniridwa mosamala, posankha mphukira kuti zichotsedwe. Kenako mphukira zimadulidwa ndi shears zam'munda (ndibwino kuti muzisakaniza ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda). Komanso amathetsa masamba opota. Kuphatikiza apo, ma inflorescence nthawi zina amachotsedwa kuti tchire laling'ono likhale ndi mphamvu.
• Zovala zapamwamba. Podyetsa peperomia Lilian gwiritsani ntchito feteleza amchere ovuta. Kuyambira koyambirira kwa kasupe mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, imadyetsedwa kawiri pamwezi, m'nyengo yozizira - kamodzi pa mwezi.
• Mphika. Peperomia Lillian atha kumera m'matope ndi dothi. Sayenera kukhala yayikulu kwambiri.
• Tumizani. Chomera chaching'ono (mpaka pafupifupi zaka zitatu) chimabzalidwa chaka chilichonse, kenako pakatha zaka ziwiri kapena zochepa, ngati pakufunika kutero. Mukamaika, mphika umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi m'mimba mwake kukula kwa 2 cm kuposa wakale, ndikuzama pang'ono. Pofuna kutulutsa chinyezi chosasunthika, ngalande yoyika pafupifupi 6 masentimita iyenera kuyikidwa pansi (dongo lokulitsa, njerwa zosweka, zipolopolo za mazira, etc.). Musanabzalale, ndibwino kuti muwotche kapena kuwotcha nthaka kuti muphe matenda a fungal ndi tizirombo.

  Chitsamba cha peperomia chimachotsedwa mosamala mumphika (chogwira mphikawo mbali zonse) pamodzi ndi mtanda wa nthaka. Kenako amapukuta nthaka kuchokera kumizu ndikuitsuka, kuti asawonongeke. Nthaka ya mumphika watsopanoyi imakonzedwa. Chitsambacho chimayikidwa mumphika watsopano, mizu imawongoka, owazidwa ndi nthaka, koma osapindika. Nthaka imakopedwanso, ndipo ikakhazikika, imawonjezeredwa yatsopano. Madzi kuchokera pachimake ayenera kutsanulidwa.
• Nyengo yozizira. M'nyengo yozizira, kuchuluka kwa kuthirira ndi kuthira feteleza kumachepetsedwa ndipo kuunikira kwina kumaperekedwa, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa. Mulimonsemo kutentha sikuyenera kutsika pansi pa 15 ° C. Zoyeserera ziyenera kuchotsedwa - ndege yozizira yoopsa ikhoza kupha chomeracho.

Kubereka

Peperomia Lillian amafalikira m'njira izi.

Zodula

Njira yofalitsa kwambiri.

1. Phesi limatengedwa kuchokera pa tsinde kapena pamwamba. Chachikulu ndichakuti pamphasa pali mfundo zosachepera ziwiri.

   Kutchulidwa. Node mu botany ndi gawo la tsinde pomwe masamba, nthambi, mizu yamlengalenga, masamba ndi ziwalo zina zoyambira zimapangidwa.

2. Cuttings amadulidwa kumapeto kwa kasupe kapena koyambirira kwa chilimwe.
3. Mpeni uyenera kuthiridwa mankhwala.
4. Zodula zitha kuikidwa m'madzi ndikudikirira kuti mizu iwonekere. Amathanso kubzalidwa mwachindunji m'nthaka yokonzedwa.
5. Izi zisanachitike, ma petioles amayikidwa kwa maola awiri mu yankho la potaziyamu permanganate kapena chida chapadera chomwe chimapangitsa kuti mizu ipangidwe (kudula kuyenera kupita pansi).
6. Pakadutsa maola awiri, zidutswazo zimachotsedwa mu yankho, mdulidwewo umakonkhedwa ndi choko kapena wosweka wa kaboni ndikuumitsa tsiku limodzi.
7. Kenako amabzalidwa m'nthaka wokonzedwa. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito moss, mchenga, timbewu tating'onoting'ono kapena vermiculite pakuzika mizu.
8. Kwa mwezi umodzi - asanakhazikike mizu - cuttings amasungidwa m'malo otentha. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani mitsuko yamagalasi kapena mabotolo apulasitiki, kudula mpaka kukula kofunikira. Nthaka sayenera kuuma panthawiyi.
9. Pamene cuttings yazika mizu (izi zimachitika mu 80% ya milandu), amafunika kubzalidwa m'miphika yosiyana.

Mitengo yodula imagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Njira zonse zofananira ndi kudula zimachitidwa masamba amtundu uliwonse. Chomera chachikulire chimasankhidwa (osachepera zaka zitatu). Petiole iyenera kufupikitsidwa momwe angathere.

Pogawa chitsamba

Kuika kwabwinobwino kumachitika, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, koma mizu iyenera kupatukana ndipo zotsatira zake zimayenera kubzalidwa m'miphika yosiyana.

Mbewu

Njira yovuta kwambiri yothandiza akatswiri odziwa kupanga maluwa. Mbeu zimatha kupsa kunyumba, Muthanso kugula ku malo ogulitsira apadera.

1. Pofesa, zotengera zosalimba zimatengedwa, ndipo dothi limatsanuliramo, lomwe limakhala ndi nthaka yapadera yazomera zokongoletsa ndi mchenga wamtsinje.
2. Nthaka imakhuthala, mbewu zimayikidwa pamwamba pake, kenako nthaka 1.5-2 mm imatsanulidwa.
3. Pogwiritsa ntchito chopopera mankhwala, thambitsaninso nthaka ndikuphimba malowa ndi galasi kapena pulasitiki.
4. Miphika iyenera kusungidwa bwino komanso kutentha kwa 24-27 ° C (mutha kuwotcha pansi).
5. Tsiku lililonse muyenera kupuma mpweya kwa mphindi 5-7 kuti mupewe kuvunda.
6. Nthaka imathiridwa, kuletsa kuti isamaume.
7. Pamene masamba 1-2 owona (osati a cotyledonous) awonekera, mbewuzo zimabzalidwa mumiphika ya peat ndi dothi la peperomia.
8. Patatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, masamba 6-7 akapangika pa mphukira, amaikidwa m'miphika yokhala ndi masentimita 7-8.

Pachimake

Mitundu iyi ya peperomia ndi imodzi mwazomera zochepa zomwe kukongoletsa kwawo si masamba okha, komanso maluwa. Chifukwa chake, masambawo sanadulidwe, monga mitundu ina, koma amaloledwa kuphuka. Amamasula m'chilimwe. Chifukwa Maluwa amatenga mphamvu zambiri kuchokera ku chomeracho, panthawiyi kudyetsa kowonjezera kumafunika... Ngati kubzala mbewu sikukukonzekera, ndibwino kuti muchepetse zidutswa zosaziririka.

Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

Chisamaliro choyenera ndichinsinsi cha thanzi la peperomia wa Lillian.

Ndikusowa chinyezi, imatha kuthyola masamba, pomwe chinyezi chowonjezera chimapangitsa mizu kuvunda. Zomera zofooka zimatha kukhudzidwa ndi:

• kangaude;
• mealybug;
• thrips;
• nematode.

Poterepa, muyenera kusamalira chomeracho ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kapena gwiritsani ntchito njira zosakwanira. Kotero, Njira yothetsera mowa imathandizira kuchokera ku mealybug - chidutswa cha ubweya wa thonje chimakonzedwa mmenemo ndipo chomeracho chimawonongedwa... Ngati kangaude amakhudzidwa, chitsambacho chimamangiriridwa ndi chinkhupule, kenako chimatsukidwa pansi pamadzi ofunda.

Maluwa ofanana

Lillian peperomia ali ndi achibale ambiri pafupi komanso akutali okongoletsa amtundu uwu.

• Mpweya wa Emerald ("ziphuphu za Emerald") - mtundu wina wa mitundu. Amayamikiridwa chifukwa cha masamba ake okongoka amtundu wobiriwira wakuda, koma, mosiyana ndi Lillian, maluwa ake samakongoletsa kwambiri. M'magwero olankhula Chingerezi, dzina loti Emerald ripple peperomia nthawi zina limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati tanthauzo la dzina la mitundu yonseyo (Peperomia caperata).
• Burgundy Ripple ("Ziphuphu za Burgundy") yofanana ndi peperomia Emerald ripple, koma imasiyana ndi burgundy mtundu wa masamba, kukumbukira vinyo wa Burgundy.
• Silver Ripple ("Ndalama zasiliva") imasiyana ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira mosiyanasiyana ndimiyala yakuda.
• Ndimu ("Ndimu") imakhala ndi mthunzi wowala kwambiri wa masamba.
• Mzungu ("White lady") - zosiyanasiyana ndi mawanga oyera pamasamba.

Peperomia caprata Lillian ndi chomera chokongola chomwe chimamera mnyumba mosavuta. Ngati mutsatira malamulo osavuta othandizira, amasangalatsa diso kwa zaka zambiri.

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