Maluwa amkati odulidwa kunyumba: momwe mungabzalidwe, kukula ndi kusamalira?
Maluwa ndi mfumukazi yamaluwa. Mkazi aliyense amalota za mphatso yotere, ndipo kuti apititse patsogolo chisangalalo chakuilandira, ambiri amayamba kulingalira za kubzala maluwa.
Njira yothandiza kwambiri komanso yosavuta yofalitsira chipinda chanyumba ndikudula chomeracho.
Chotsatira, tikukuuzani momwe mungamerere phesi kuchokera ku maluwa omwe mumawakonda ndikubala chipinda chanyumba.
Kodi kumezanitsa ndi chiyani?
Kudula ndi gawo losiyanitsidwa la chomera (tsamba, mphukira), ndikucheka ndikukula kwa mbewu pogwiritsa ntchito kudula.
Kudula ndi imodzi mwanjira zomwe amakonda kwambiri kulima mbewu iliyonse ndi alimi ambiri, kuphatikizapo maluwa. Ubwino wa njira yoberekayi ndi cholowa cha zikhalidwe zonse za amayi, kuphatikiza mtundu wa maluwa ndi masamba.
Kodi nthawi yabwino yodzilumikiza ndi iti?
Nthawi yabwino kwambiri pachaka ya maluwa odulidwa ndi masika. Chowonadi ndi chakuti masika chomeracho chimalowa gawo logwira ntchito pakukula ndi maluwa: maselo atsopano amayamba kupanga molimbika chifukwa chofulumira kwa njira zamagetsi zomwe zimachitika mmenemo. Zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa mbewuyo ndi nyengo yabwino (dzuwa, kutentha), komwe kwasintha nyengo yozizira.
Kubereka munthawi zosiyanasiyana pachaka: chilimwe, nthawi yophukira komanso nthawi yozizira
Zodula zitha kuchitika nthawi zina pachaka: chomera chaching'ono chimatha kuzika, koma movutikira kwambiri.
Kutha kwa chilimwe ndi kuyamba kwa nthawi yophukira ndi nthawi yatsoka yolumikizira, popeza mphukira yaying'ono sizikhala ndi nthawi yopezera mphamvu zokwanira usiku wa dzinja ndipo imangofa.
Kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Okutobala, nthawi imatenga nthawi yomwe duwa limapuma, ndipo zonse zomwe zimachitika mchomera zimayenda pang'onopang'ono. Chifukwa chake, kulumikiza ndi mwayi waukulu nawonso kulephera.
Mutha kuyesa kukonza zinthu ngati izi powapatsa kuyatsa kowonjezera kwazomera ndi mdulidwe, koma ngakhale sitepe iyi siyingakupatseni chitsimikizo cha 100% cha kupambana. Kwa iwo amene akufuna kuchita cuttings mu kugwa, takonzekera zosiyana.
Momwe mungafalitsire: Gawo lirilonse malangizo oti mubzale ndikukula panyumba
Kufufuza ndi zida
Kuti mudule chipinda chokwera, muyenera kukonzekera mpeni kapena pruner. Ayenera kukhala akuthwa kuti asakhale ndi zotchinga patsinde monga gwero la matenda. Pachifukwa chomwechi, ndibwino kuti muzitsatira chida chonse musanagwiritse ntchito mowa kapena potaziyamu permanganate.
Kuyambitsa
Kuti muzule cuttings, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka yopepuka komanso yopatsa thanzi kwa maluwa omwe agulidwa m'sitolo yapadera, kapena mutha kungosakaniza mchenga ndi peat (kapena mchenga ndi vermiculite) mofanana. Kapenanso: humus, peat ndi mchenga molingana ndi 2: 2: 1. Kapena magawo awiri amtengo, gawo limodzi la nthaka yamasamba, gawo limodzi la mchenga.
Mphika
Mukazika mizu m'madzi, zodulidwazo zimabzalidwa mumtsuko wa 200 ml, chidebe chofanana chimakhala choyenera kuzika zochekera pansi. Pazifukwazi, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito chidebe chowonekera: zidzakhala zosavuta kuwona kukula kwa mizu. Ngati pali zodulira zambiri, ndiye kuti kuzika mizu kumachitika m'mabokosi apadera kapena zotengera zapulasitiki zowonekera.
Pambuyo pa kukula kwa mizu, mmera wachichepere umaikidwa mumphika wa 500 ml, kenako mu chidebe chokhala ndi voliyumu yayikulu. Chikhalidwe chachikulu cha chidebe chama voliyumu onse ndi kupezeka kwa mabowo pansi kuti madzi akumwa ochulukirapo.
Chenjezo! Sitikulimbikitsidwa kubzala duwa mumphika waukulu kwambiri, popeza pali chiopsezo chinyezi chosagwirizana, chinyezi chokhazikika, mawonekedwe a tizirombo tomwe timawononga mizu.
Kukula kwanu
Kuswana zakuthupi - zodula zimapezeka podula chipinda chanyumba. Pali lingaliro pakati pa amalima maluwa kuti mphukira yoyenera kudula imayenera kukhala ndi mphukira. Koma ndi bwino kudula mwatsopano kutha wathanzi ndi wamphamvu tsinde.
Chodulidwa pakati pa nthambi, chotalika masentimita 12 osawonongeka, chimayenera kukhala ndi masamba opitilira awiri pomwe mphukira zimera. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa kudula uku ndi 2.5 - 3.5 mm. Kuchokera pansi, kudula kumadulidwa pamzere wa oblique, ndipo kuchokera pamwamba - pamzere wolunjika. Odulidwa ayenera kuchitidwa pansi pa impso pansipa ndi pamwamba pa impso pamtunda wa 1 cm kuchokera pamwamba.
Chithandizo
Masamba apansi omwe adalipo pa cuttings ayenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo otsalawo adulidwe pakati kuti chinyezi chisasanduke msanga panthawi yozika mizu. Kudula kusanazike pansi, kuyenera kulowetsedwa m'madzi ndi nsonga yake, kenako muzu wopanga mizu, mwachitsanzo, Kornevin kapena heteroauxin. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito "Epin", ndiye kuti mupange yankho kuchokera pamenepo malinga ndi malangizo (100 g ya mankhwala pa 1 litre la madzi), momwe magawowa amasungidwa kwa maola 8 - 12.
Kodi muzu bwino?
M'madzi
Kuyika mizu m'madzi ndikulimbikitsidwa mu kapu yaying'ono kapena pulasitiki makamaka galasi lakuda kapena pulasitiki.
Mulingo wamadzi (ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi owiritsa kapena osungunuka kutentha kwapakati) mumtsukowo uyenera kukhala woti gawo lotsika la zidutswazo zili m'madzi, ndipo zina zonse zili pamwamba pamadzi. Izi zimafotokozedwa ndikuti mpweya umafunikira kuti mizu iwonekere. Monga lamulo, mizu imapangidwa pamakoma odulidwa omwe ali m'malire a madzi ndi mpweya mu chidebecho.
Zofunika! Mizu siyimapangika pachiwongolero chomizidwa m'madzi akuda!
Alimi ena samalimbikitsa kumiza mphukira m'madzi kuti nsonga yake igwire pansi pa mbale: izi zitha kuyambitsa kuvunda. Sitikulimbikitsidwanso kuti musinthe madzi omwe ali mchombocho, koma kungowakweza pamwamba ngati asanduka nthunzi. Komanso ena florists amayesetsa kuwonjezera mapiritsi amakala amoto m'madzi kuti awathirire mankhwala, ndipo mankhwala "Kornevin" nthawi zambiri amawonjezeredwa.
Chombo chokhala ndi chogwirira chimayikidwa pamalo otentha komanso owala, koma osati dzuwa. Mutha kuphimba chilichonse ndi thumba la pulasitiki kuti mupange kutentha. Mizu ikaonekera kutalika kwa 0,7-1.5 cm (pafupifupi masabata atatu), chomeracho chimatha kubzalidwa pansi.
Alimi ena amachita mosiyana: phesi limakhala m'madzi mpaka phokoso liwonekere, kenako limaponyedwa pansi. M'malingaliro awo, ngati mungodikirira mizu mwachizolowezi, ndiye kuti kudula koteroko kumakhala kovuta kuti musinthe kuzikhalidwe zatsopano ndipo kumangofa.
M'nthaka
Maluwa a rozi amakhalanso ndi mizu m'nthaka. Mphukira iyenera kupindidwa moyenerera m'nthaka yonyowa ndi 1 - 1.5 cm ndi kupondereza nthaka mozungulira mdulidwe. Kuyika mizu nthawi zambiri kumachita bwino ngati pamwamba pake pali botolo kapena thumba la pulasitiki.
Ndi mizu yoyamba ndi masamba, pakatha milungu pafupifupi 5, mpweya umatha kulowetsedwa mu "wowonjezera kutentha" (izi ziyenera kuchitika pang'onopang'ono kuti chomeracho chizolowere chipinda chouma), ndikuchotseratu.
Zomwe zili bwino pakukula kwa mphukira kumatengedwa ngati kutentha kwa + 20C - + 25C, kuthirira pang'ono, kuwala kwa dzuwa (kutalika kwa maola masana osachepera maola 15), kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa nthawi zonse (kusunga chinyezi pa 80% - 90%).
Ngati rooting idachitika mu chidebe chimodzi, ndiye kuti pakapita nthawi mbande ziyenera kubzalidwa kamodzi, ndikuwona mtunda wa masentimita asanu pakati pawo.
Mudzale liti?
Ngati phesi lazika mizu m'madzi, ndiye kuti mphika wokhala ndi masentimita 10 mpaka 12 uyenera kudzazidwa mpaka theka ndi dothi, kenako ndikugwira chomeracho kutalika ndi dzanja limodzi, kutsanulira nthaka ndi mzake. Pambuyo pake kanikizani pansi mozungulira mmera, madzi kwambiri, ngati kuli kotheka, onjezerani nthaka. Sikoyenera kukhazikitsa wowonjezera kutentha, popeza mizu ya kudula idayamba kale.
Mukamazula pansi, mizu ikayamba kudulidwa ndipo mphikawo umakhala wocheperako (mizu idzawonekera m'mabowo a ngalande), iyenera kuikidwa m'mitsuko yakuya (voliyumu 500 ml), kwinaku ikuthira feteleza ndi humus.
Kufikira kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi njira yosinthira: phesi lozika mizu limachotsedwa mosamala mumphika wakale ndipo, popanda kugwedeza chikomokere cha dothi, limayikidwa mu chidebe chatsopano, chomwe chimatuluka chomwe chimadzaza ndi dothi. Musaiwale kuti pansi pake mumphika muyenera kukhala ngalande.
Maluwa achichepere sayenera kukhudzidwa mpaka masika otsatira. Mu Ogasiti - Seputembara, maluwa atha kuwonekera kale mmera, koma simuyenera kuwalola kuti aphukire kuti chomeracho chisamalize ndikudutsa nthawi zambiri.
Chithunzi
Pano mutha kuwona chithunzi cha duwa:
Kusamaliranso
Rose ndi chomera chokonda kuwala, chimafuna kuwala kwa dzuwa, koma kopanda dzuwa. Malo abwino ndi mawindo akumwera ndi kumwera chakumadzulo.
Kuthirira kumayenera kukhala koyenera ngati dothi la mphika limauma. Kuthirira kumachitika kuchokera pamwamba ndi madzi ofunda okhazikika. Pewani chinyezi chokhazikika, chifukwa mizu imatha kuvunda: onetsetsani kuti mwatulutsa madzi paphala. M'masiku otentha, mpweya wozungulira duwa uyenera kupopera.
Zofunika! Chinyezi pamasamba a duwa chimatha kuyambitsa matenda a fungal.
2 masabata mutabzala mmera wachichepere mumphika wokhazikika, mutha kuyamba kudyetsa ndi feteleza ovuta 1 kamodzi masiku 10-14.
Kutentha kokwanira kwakukula kwa duwa ndi + 20C - + 22C. Ngati thermometer ikuwonetsa pamwambapa + 25C, ndiye kuti chomeracho chimatha kuthira masamba ndi masamba. Ma drafti ndi owopsa kwa mmera wachichepere, koma kusiyana kochepa pakatentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kumakhala kopindulitsa.
Mavuto, zovuta ndi mayankho
- Kugonjetsedwa kwa mbande zazing'ono ndi matenda (mwachitsanzo, nsabwe za m'masamba kapena akangaude).
Chifukwa cha ichi mwina ndi nthaka yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kubzala mitengo yodula kale. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito gawo logulitsika kapena kusakaniza chisakanizo chomwe mwakonza nokha ndi fungicides kapena thermally. Komanso, chisamaliro chosayenera cha chipinda chanyumba chingakhale chifukwa. Pofuna kupewa chodabwitsa chotere, ndikokwanira kupereka zofunikira zonse m'ndende, zomwe takambirana pamwambapa.
- Mapesi amafota m'madzi.
Zotheka kuti mdulidwe wauma. Ndikokwanira kutulutsa petiole m'madzi ndikusintha mdulidwe. Komanso onetsetsani kuti kuwala kwa dzuwa sikukugwa.
- Chomeracho sichiphuka.
Ngati duwa silinatulutse masambawo munthawi yake, ndiye kuti vuto, osamvetseka, lili mumphika. Mphika wokulirapo umalimbikitsa mbewuyo kuti ikule bwino ndi mizu, kuti ikule msanga, osati masamba. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyika duwa mumphika wawung'ono. Ndipo izi ziyenera kuganiziridwanso posankha mphika wobzala chomera chaching'ono.
M'nyumba duwa ndi capricious chomera. Kubereka kwake ndi njira yovuta. Koma kuyesayesa konse kwa olima kudzafupidwa ndi maluwa otentha a mfumukazi yomwe yakula yokha.
Tikupangira kuwonera kanema momwe mungafalitsire chipinda chanyumba pogwiritsa ntchito zodulira: