"Kuyambira pamwamba mpaka ku mizu" - zochititsa chidwi zokhudzana ndi kusakaniza shuga

Shuga beet (Beta vulgaris saccharifera L.) ndi muzu wa masamba wokhala ndi zotumphukira (mpaka 20%) za sucrose, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala mbewu yofunika kwambiri pakampani yopanga shuga.

Zinyalala zomwe zimapezeka pokonza shuga wa beet ndizofunikanso ndipo zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamakampani azakudya, kuweta ziweto komanso kuthira feteleza nthaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale yolimba komanso yolimba. Kuti mumve zambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito mizu, onani nkhaniyo.

M'makampani ati komanso masamba amasinthidwa bwanji ku Russia?

Kugwiritsa ntchito shuga beet kumakhala kambiri.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu:

• kupanga shuga;
• Makampani A Zakudya;
• ziweto;
• mankhwala;
• mphamvu.

Cholinga chachikulu ndikupanga shuga. Zinyalala zomwe zimapangidwa pakupanga zimagwiritsidwa ntchito muulimi popanga chakudya.

M'makampani azakudya - popanga yisiti ndi mowa. Pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo, ma lactic ndi citric acid amapezeka - zida zopangira zakudya ndi mafakitale. Monosodium glutamate, mavitamini, streptomycin ndi penicillin nawonso ndi oyenera kukonza zikhalidwezi.

M'gawo lamagetsi, shuga beet imagwira ntchito ngati njira ina yopangira biogas - methane. Tani ya shuga beet imapanga pafupifupi 80 cubic metres ya biomethane, 1 ton of top, poyerekeza - 84 m³.

1 kg ya mizu imakhala ndi 0.25, ndipo pamwamba pake - 0,20 mayunitsi azakudya, omwe amafanana ndi 0.25 ndi 0.2 kg ya oats.

Yerekezerani: 1 kg ya oats imatha kusintha thupi la nyama kukhala 150 g wamafuta.

Pogwiritsa ntchito masamba osiyanasiyana

Chilichonse ndichofunika muzu wazuwu - "kuyambira pamwamba mpaka mizu". Pakukolola, nsongazi zimadulidwa ndikusungidwa, zomwe zimatumizidwa kukadyetsa ziweto. Pachifukwa ichi, gawo lalikulu limasinthidwa kukhala silage (thovu). Gawo la masamba obiriwira limayanika ndikusindikizidwa kuti lisungidwe ndikugwiritsidwanso ntchito.

Muzu wazomera womwewo ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popangira shuga. Pakukonzekera, kuwonjezera pakupanga sucrose ndikusintha kukhala chinthu chomwe timachidziwa bwino, timapepala tomwe timagwiritsa ntchito shuga ndi madzi otsika shuga, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso.

Muzu masamba

Cholinga cha kulima beets ndikupeza shuga ndi zina. Zipangizo zamakono zopangira shuga ndizovuta komanso zowononga chuma.

Asanatulutse shuga ndi zinthu zina, zopangira ziyenera kukonzekera bwino - kutsukidwa, kuyengedwa.

Malangizo! Kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzitsamba zotsuka ndi mizu kuyambira 60% mpaka 100% ya kulemera kwawo.

Kuchokera ku mizu pokonza amapeza:

• shuga;
• zamkati.

Pogwiritsa ntchito nsonga

Nsonga za beet ndi chakudya chamtengo wapatali. Lili ndi zinthu zowuma 20%, pafupifupi 3% mapuloteni, mafuta ndi mavitamini. 100 kg ya haulm ndi pafupifupi magawo 20 azakudya. Mulingo wochepa kwambiri wa fiber umalola kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchito kudyetsa osati ng'ombe zokha, komanso nkhumba.

Unyinji wobiriwirawu (womwe uli ndi masamba, nsonga ndi nsonga za mbewu za mizu) umagwiritsidwa ntchito kudyetsa ziweto m'njira zosiyanasiyana:

• chatsopano;
• mu mawonekedwe a silo;
• zouma.

Ndibwino kuti mupange ufa kuchokera pamwamba. Kuti muchite izi, imaphwanyidwa ndikuumitsidwa pomauma ngoma. Kusunga kutentha mpaka 95 ° C kumakupatsani mwayi wosunga mavitamini ndikuchepetsa kuchepa kwa zinthu zowuma. 1kg yolemera yolemera ndi chakudya cha 0.7. mayunitsi komanso mpaka 140 g ya mapuloteni. Zizindikiro zoterezi zimaloleza kuchotsa kotala la chakudya chokhazikika ndi ufa wochokera pamwamba.

Beet shuga, bagasse ndi zinyalala zina

Chogulitsa chachikulu cha kukonza beet ndikupanga shuga. Makilogalamu 160 a shuga amapezeka kuchokera ku 1 tani ya beets.

Kuphatikiza pa shuga, zokolola zake zimadalira shuga wambiri muzu, momwe zinthu zimasungidwira komanso nthawi yayitali yosungira, pali zinyalala zambiri, zina zomwe zimabwezeretsedwanso kuti apange shuga wowonjezera, ndipo zina zonse zimatumizidwa kukakonzanso zowonjezera zosowa za ziweto (zamkati), zotsalazo - kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pazakudya, bioenergy ndi mankhwala mafakitale.

Izi ndizo:

• zamkati;
• pectin;
• manyazi (manyazi);
• laimu wa chimbudzi.

Kupanga ukadaulo

Kutenga shuga kuchokera ku beet ndi njira yovuta kwambiri, yomwe cholinga chake ndi:

1. Kutenga madzi... Pakadali pano, unyinji wokonzekera muzu wa mbewu umaphwanyidwa mpaka kumapeto kwa shavings ndikutumizidwa kuzida zofalitsa. Mukamalandira chithandizo ndi madzi otentha, msuzi wofalitsa umatsukidwa. Ili ndi mdima wakuda ndipo ili ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa ma ballast inclusions.

   Kuti tipeze madzi ndi crystallization, imamveketsedwa bwino ndi mkaka wa laimu ndi carbon dioxide. Ndiye madzi ndi unakhuthala mu evaporation zomera ndi shuga manyuchi ndi analandira ndi mokwanira mkulu shuga okhutira.

2. Kutenga shuga... Njira yopezera shuga imachitika pamene madziwo amadutsa pazida zamagetsi ndikupitanso patsogolo centrifugation, komwe chinyezi chowonjezera chimachotsedwa ndikuchitika kwa crystallization. Kenako pakubwera kuyanika ndikunyamula chomaliza.
3. Kupanga kwa Pectin... Pectins ndi acidic polysaccharides wazomera zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogulitsa zakudya - monga opanga makina, thickeners, komanso zamankhwala ndi zamankhwala - monga zinthu zolimbitsa thupi.

   Pectin imapezeka kuchokera ku beet zamkati ndi mayankho a mayamwidwe. Za zamkatizi zimayikidwa m'chigawo chachiwiri, madzi omwe amapezeka atakakamizidwa amaphatikizidwa ndi yankho loyamba ndipo izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza ma pectins.

   Mtengo wa ma pectins omwe amapezeka kuchokera ku beet zamkati ndiwokwera, chifukwa ali ndi kuthekera kopambana, ngakhale atakhala otsika pang'ono pakungotengera mphamvu ya apulo ndi zipatso za zipatso.

Mungapeze chiyani kunyumba?

Ukadaulo wa mafakitole ndiwosiyanasiyana komanso wovuta. Cholinga chake ndi kukonza mafakitale ndikupanga shuga wamafuta ochulukirapo. Funso limabuka - kodi ndizotheka kupeza, ngati si shuga, kenako chopangira shuga kunyumba? Sizovuta, ngakhale zimakhala zovuta:

1. Zomera zamasamba zimatsukidwa bwino ndikuphika kwambiri kwa ola limodzi.

   Chotsani peel. Mukachisiya, ndiye kuti chomaliza chidzapeza kukoma kosasangalatsa.

2. Pambuyo poyang'ana, beets amathyoledwa (odulidwa, opaka, odulidwa) ndipo unyolo umayikidwa pansi pa atolankhani.
3. Keke yopanda madzi ambiri imadzaza ndi madzi otentha. Payenera kukhala madzi ochuluka kuwirikiza kawiri kuchuluka kwa keke.
4. Kuyimitsidwa kuyenera kutha, madzi akhetsa ndipo keke ikhoza kupitiliranso munyuzipepala.
5. Zomwe zimapezeka kale zimaphatikizidwa ndi yankho lachiwiri ndikusintha.

Shuga wambiri sangapezeke kunyumba (zida zopumira, ma centrifuge amafunikira), koma zotsekemera zotulutsa shuga zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika, kupanga kupanikizana. Ndi bwino kusunga mankhwalawo mu chidebe chotsitsimula mumdima.

Chinsinsi cha kanema chopangira madzi a shuga, omwe amatchedwanso molasses:

Ukadaulo wa mafakitole ndiwosiyanasiyana komanso wovuta. Koma ngakhale popanda kukonza kovuta, beets amagwiranso ntchito kuseli kwakanyumba.

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