Weimar ku Germany - mzinda wa olemba ndakatulo ndi olemba nyimbo

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Weimar, Germany ndi mzinda wakale m'chigawo chapakati cha dzikolo. Kwa zaka mazana ambiri ladziwika kuti likulu lazachuma, ndale komanso chikhalidwe m'maboma ndi mayiko aku Germany. Tsamba lowopsa kwambiri m'mbiri yake lidapezeka mu 1937 - msasa wachibalo wa Buchenwald udakhazikitsidwa pano.

Zina zambiri

Mzinda wa Weimar, pambuyo pake dzina lonse lakale kuyambira 1919 mpaka 1933. (Weimar Republic), yomwe ili ku Thuringia (m'chigawo chapakati cha dzikolo). Chiwerengero chake ndi anthu 65 zikwi. Mzindawu umakhala ndi dera lalikulu 84 sq. km, imagawidwa m'maboma 12.

Ndi umodzi mwamizinda yakale kwambiri komanso yowerengeka kwambiri ku Germany. Mwachitsanzo, kum'mwera kwa Weimar, asayansi apeza zolemba za Neanderthals.

Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, Weimar amawonedwa ngati likulu lazandale, zachuma komanso chikhalidwe chamaboma omwe anali kwawo. Pakati pa zaka za zana la 18, mzindawu udakhala likulu la Chidziwitso ku Germany (makamaka chifukwa cha Friedrich Nietzsche). Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 20th, Weimar idakhala likulu la Thuringia, ndipo pakubwera kwa Nazism, msasa wachibalo wa Buchenwald udapangidwa kuno.

Zowoneka

Chikumbutso cha Buchenwald

Buchenwald ndi umodzi mwamisasa yozunzirako anthu ku Germany, momwe, malinga ndi kuyerekezera kosiyanasiyana, anthu pakati pa 50,000 ndi 150,000 adamwalira. Lero, patsamba la msasa wakale, pali chikumbutso, chomwe chimakhala ndi:

Bunkers. Ichi ndi nyumba momwe munali zipinda zokhazokha, momwe iwo omwe adakonzekera kudzipha m'masabata angapo otsatira anali atakhala. Tsopano gawo lalikulu lazowonetserako zakale lili pano.
Nsanja ya Olonda. Pakadali pano, ntchito yobwezeretsa ikuchitika.
Malo okwerera njanji ndi nsanja. Awa ndiye malo akumadzulo kwambiri pamapu achikumbutso. Akaidi amtsogolo amsasa adafika kuno, ndipo kuchokera pano adatumiza akaidi odwala ndi owopsa (malinga ndi a Nazi) kumisasa ina yakufa.
Njira zopita kumanda. Gawo ili la msasawo ndi la nthawi ina - kuyambira 1945 mpaka 1950. anali a Red Army, ndipo a Nazi nawonso anali kale pano.
Nyumba za ofesi ya wamkulu. Tsopano ili ndi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, komanso imawonetsera zithunzi.
Ndege zimbalangondo. Ichi ndi gawo laling'ono chabe la malo osungira nyama omwe analipo kale, omwe amamangidwa ndi akaidi ankhondo olondera pamisasa ndi anthu amderalo omwe amatha kulowa mumsasawo.
Mbale yokumbukira. Mitundu ya omwe adazunzidwa ku Buchenwald amajambulapo. Ndizosangalatsa kuti kutentha kwa mbaleyo kumakhala +37 C - uku ndikutentha kwa thupi la munthu.

Malo ogulitsira misasa. Ndi nyumba yaying'ono kumpoto chakumbukiro komwe akaidi amatha kugula fodya kapena zovala. Tsopano pali chiwonetsero cha zithunzi.
Malo owotcherako mitembo ndi nyumba yosaoneka koma yoopsa pamisasa yachibalo iliyonse. Kuphatikiza pa masitovu, apa mutha kuwona mapiritsi ambirimbiri okumbukira achibale a akaidi omwe adaphedwa komanso zolemba zambiri zoyambirira.

Kuphatikiza pa nyumba zomwe zatchulidwazi, palinso nyumba zina zambiri m'dera lomwe kale linali ndende yozunzirako anthu ya Buchenwald, ndipo yambiri ili pafupi kuwonongedwa.

Khalani okonzekera kuti malo owotcherako anthu ali ndi ziwonetsero zambiri zomwe si aliyense amene angayang'ane (zidutswa za khungu la munthu ndi ma tattoo, mitu yowuma ya anthu, tsitsi la akaidi ndi zida "zogwirira ntchito").

Kumalo: Buchenwald Area, 99427 Weimar, Thuringia.
Maola ogwira ntchito: 10.00 - 18.00.

Laibulale ya Duchess Anne Amalia

Ntchito yomanga laibulale ya a Duchess Anna Amalia ndi amodzi mwa malo akale kwambiri ku Weimar, omangidwa mu 1691.

Kwa zaka zopitilira 300, mabuku opitilira 1 miliyoni ndi zina zambiri zakale (zojambula, zinthu zamkati, masitepe oyenda mwapadera) apezeka pano, koma mu 2004 moto waukulu udayamba mulaibulale, womwe udawononga mabuku ambiri apadera ndikusintha mawonekedwe azipinda zambiri.

Kukonzanso, komwe aboma adapereka ndalama zoposa 12 miliyoni, kunamalizidwa mu 2007, koma zoyipa za moto zikumvekabe. Mwachitsanzo, ogwira ntchito zokopa sanasungire bwino mabuku omwe amasungidwa pano. Akatswiri amagulanso mabuku omwe awotcha kuchokera kwa ogulitsa mabuku omwe agulitsidwa kale.

Laibulale ya Anna Amalia, muyenera:

Pitani ku Malo Owerengera a Rococo. Ichi ndi chipinda chodziwika bwino komanso chokongola kwambiri mulaibulale ndipo chimagwiritsidwabe ntchito pazolinga zake. Aliyense amene akufuna kulipira mayuro 8 atha kubwera kuno kuti adzawerenge buku kapena kungosangalala ndi zakale. Anthu opitilira 300 sangakhale mchipinda chowerengera nthawi imodzi. Anthu am'deralo amalangiza kuti abwere kuno 9 koloko m'mawa - panthawiyi pali anthu ochepa.
Onani zolemba zambiri zolembedwa pamanja ndi mabuku, kuphatikiza zolemba za William Shakespeare za m'zaka za zana la 18.
Sangalalani ndi zojambula zambiri za akatswiri odziwika aku Europe.

Zothandiza:

Kumalo: Platz der Demokratie 1, 99423 Weimar, Germany.
Maola ogwira ntchito: 9.00 - 18.00.
Mtengo: 8 euros.

Chigawo chapakati cha mzindawo (Markt)

Malo apakati ndi mtima wa Old Town. Nazi zochitika zazikulu zakale za Weimar ku Germany:

Chipinda chamzinda;
Njovu yakale ya hotelo;
msika wa alimi wakomweko, kuphatikiza masamba ndi zipatso, mutha kugula maluwa ndi zinthu zamanja;
"Nyumba za mkate wa ginger" ndi malo omwera, malo odyera komanso malo oyendera alendo;
masitolo okumbutsa anthu komwe mungagule maswiti achikhalidwe aku Germany (ma pretzels, mkate wa ginger, strudel), komanso mapositi khadi okhala ndi chithunzi cha mzinda wa Weimar ku Germany.

Komanso mu Disembala, Msika wa Khrisimasi umachitikira kuno, komwe mutha kulawa soseji yokazinga, vinyo wambiri ndi mowa waku Germany.

Kumalo: Markt Platz, Weimar, Germany.

Nyumba ya Goethe (Goethe National Museum)

Goethe ndi m'modzi mwa anthu odziwika kwambiri ku Weimar ku Germany m'mbiri yonse. Wolemba ndakatulo waku Germany adabadwa mu 1749, ndipo nyumbayi, yomwe pano ili ndi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale yotchedwa pambuyo pake, idagulidwa mu 1794.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, ngakhale kuli nkhondo ndi kusintha, nyumba ya Goethe yasungidwa bwino, ndipo ziwonetsero zonse (mabuku, mbale, zinthu zamkati, zovala) zomwe zimasungidwa munyumbayi ndizowona. Mukamayendera malowa, samalani:

laibulale ya Goethe, yomwe ili ndi mndandanda wambiri wofalitsa wapadera wazaka za 18-19, komanso zolemba ndakatulo za wolemba ndakatulo yemweyo;
chipinda chaching'ono koma chosangalatsa momwe Goethe ndi mkazi wake adalandirira alendo;
mlendo;
holo yachikaso;
ngolo;
bwalo laling'ono pafupi ndi nyumbayo.

Apaulendo omwe adayendera Goethe Museum amatcha kuti ndi imodzi mwabwino kwambiri ku Weimar. Ponena za zoyipa zowoneka, akuwona kusowa kwa maupangiri amawu ndi mabuku owongolera mu Chijeremani ndi Chingerezi, komanso kujambula kolipira (3 mayuro).

Kumalo: Frauenplan 1, 99423 Weimar, Thuringia.
Maola otseguka: 9.30 - 16.00 (Januware - Marichi, Okutobala - Disembala), 9.30 - 18.00 (miyezi ina).
Mtengo: ma euro 12 kwa akulu, 8.50 kwa okalamba, 3.50 kwa ophunzira komanso kuloledwa kwaulere kwa ana ochepera zaka 16.

Mpingo wa Oyera Peter ndi Paul (Stadtkirche St. Peter ndi Paul)

Church of Saints Peter ndi Paul ndi chimodzi mwazokopa zachipembedzo ku Weimar. Kuyambira pakati pa zaka za zana la 16, kachisiyo adakhala wa Apulotesitanti.

Masiku ano, ntchito sizichitikanso pano, koma alendo akuyembekezeredwa. Apaulendo omwe abwera kale ku tchalitchi akulangizidwa kuti azisamalira:

Guwa lansembe. Ili ndiye gawo lamtengo wapatali komanso lotchuka pakachisi. Choyamba, idapangidwa m'ma 1580, ndipo chachiwiri, idapangidwa ndi Lucas Cranach mwiniwake, nzika yolemekezeka ya Weimar.
Mphamvu ya Church of Saints Peter ndi Paul ndi yayitali kwambiri ku Weimar ndipo imatha kuwonedwa kulikonse mumzinda. Chifukwa cha ichi, maulendowa nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati chizindikiro cha alendo otaika.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, chodziwika bwino ichi cha Weimar nthawi zambiri chimatchedwa "Herderkirche". Izi ndichifukwa choti wafilosofi wotchuka waku Germany Herder adagwira ntchito ndikukhala pano kwa zaka zingapo.

Kumalo: Herderplatz 8, Weimar.
Maola ogwira ntchito: 11.00 - 12.00, 14.00 - 16.00 (tsiku lililonse).

Paki ndi Ilm

Park an der Ilm, dzina lake ndi mtsinje wa Ilm, pomwe umayimilira, ndiye waukulu kwambiri komanso wakale kwambiri ku Weimar. Idagonjetsedwa m'zaka za zana la 17 ndi King Charles. Kwa alendo, Ilmsky Park ndi yosangalatsa ngakhale chifukwa cha kusonkhanitsa kwake kwapadera kwa msinkhu ndi zaka zake, koma chifukwa choti pali zokopa zingapo m'deralo:

Nyumba ya Goethe, momwe wolemba ndakatulo amakonda kupumula masiku otentha;
nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ya Franz Liszt, pomwe wolemba nyimbo amakhala zaka zoposa 20;
Nyumba yachiroma (iyi ndi nyumba yoyamba yachikale ku Thuringia);
chikumbutso cha ngwazi za ntchito za W. Shakespeare.

Ngati simumakonda zochitika zamakedzana, ndiyofunikabe kubwera kupaki. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kukhala ndi pikisiki pano, kapena kungoyenda madzulo madzulo a chilimwe.

Kumalo: Illmstrasse, Weimar.

Kokhala

Weimar ili ndi mahotela opitilira 220 ndi mahotela osiyanasiyana. Palinso nyumba zambiri - pafupifupi malo 260 okhala.

Chipinda cha hotelo cha 3 * cha awiri munyengo yayikulu chimawononga ma 65 - 90 euros patsiku, lomwe ndi dongosolo lotsika kwambiri kuposa mizinda yoyandikana nayo yaku Germany. Monga lamulo, mtengo uwu umaphatikizapo chakudya cham'mawa chabwino, bwalo lalikulu loyang'ana gawo lodziwika bwino lamzindawu ndi Wi-Fi yaulere mu hotelo yonse.

Ngati mwayi wokhala ndi hotelo suyenera, muyenera kumvetsera zipindazo. Mtengo wa studio ya awiri munyengo yayikulu ndi ma 30-50 euros patsiku (mtengo umadalira malo ndi zina). Mtengo umaphatikizapo zida zonse zofunika mnyumbayo, zofunika zofunika komanso kuthandizira nthawi yayitali kuchokera kwa mwini nyumbayo.

Kuyanjana kwa mayendedwe

Weimar ili pakatikati pa Germany, chifukwa chake ndikosavuta kufikira kuchokera mumzinda uliwonse waukulu. Malo okhala pafupi kwambiri: Erfurt (25 km), Leipzig (129 km), Dresden (198 km), Nuremberg (243 km), Hannover (268 km), Berlin (284 km).

Weimar ili ndi malo ake okwerera masitima apamtunda ndi mabasi, pomwe sitima zoposa 100 ndi mabasi 70 amafika tsiku lililonse.

Kuchokera ku Berlin

Ndi bwino kupita ku Weimar kuchokera ku likulu la Germany ndi sitima, yomwe imayenda maola atatu aliwonse. Nthawi yoyendera idzakhala maola 2 mphindi 20. Mtengo woyerekeza - ma euro 35. Kukwera kumachitika pokwerera masitima apamtunda ku Berlin.

Kuchokera ku Leipzig

Kufika ku Weimar kuchokera ku Leipzig ndibwinonso pa njanji. Sitima ya Ice (yochokera ku Munchen station) imayenda maola awiri aliwonse. Nthawi yoyendera ndi ola limodzi mphindi 10. Mtengo wamatikiti ndi ma 15-20 euros. Kufika kumachitika pa siteshoni ya Leipzig Hauptbahnhof.

Mitengo patsamba ili ndi ya Julayi 2019.

Yerekezerani mitengo ya malo ogwiritsira ntchito Fomu iyi

Zosangalatsa

Pakati pa mbadwa ndi anthu olemekezeka okhala ku Weimar pali olemba odziwika achijeremani a Johann Sebastian Bach ndi Franz Liszt, olemba ndakatulo a Johann Wolfrang von Goethe ndi Friedrich Schiller, wafilosofi Friedrich Nietzsche
M'zaka za zana la 19, mtundu watsopano wa galu udabadwa ku Weimar - Galu Wolozera wa Weimar.

Dziko la Weimar Republic limatchedwa nthawi yakale kuyambira 1919 mpaka 1933. Izi ndichifukwa choti ku Weimar pomwe malamulo atsopano adakhazikitsidwa.
Mpaka 1944, pagawo lakale lomwe linali ndende yozunzirako anthu ya Buchenwald, kunakula mtengo waukulu kwambiri, womwe umatchedwanso "Goethe mtengo", chifukwa wolemba ndakatulo (ndipo amakhala kuyambira 1749 mpaka 1832) nthawi zambiri amabwera kuphirili kudzasilira zikhalidwe zakomweko.
Ntchito yomanga laibulale ya Anna Amalia amatchedwa "Green Palace", chifukwa kwazaka mazana ambiri idapangidwa utoto wobiriwira wokha.