Pena Palace: nyumba yokongola ya mafumu achi Portuguese
Nyumba yachifumu yaying'ono iyi siyofanana ndi nyumba ina iliyonse padziko lapansi. Pena Palace ili m'gulu la TOP-20 lachifumu zokongola kwambiri ku Europe ndipo, pamodzi ndi nyumba zachifumu zonse zaku Sintra, zalembedwa pamndandanda wazikhalidwe za UNESCO. Nyumbayi imadziwikanso kuti ndi imodzi mwazodabwitsa za 7 ku Portugal.
Pansipa penipeni pa mapiri a mapiri a Sierra da Sintra, mutha kuwona zowonekera za nyumba zina zachifumu ndi nyumba zachifumu za Sintra, ngakhale kutsika m'chigwa - tawuni yaying'ono yomwe, kupitirira - Lisbon, komanso kumapeto - Nyanja ya Atlantic. Malingaliro odabwitsa oterewa amatsegulidwa kwa alendo ndi nyumba zokongola za mafumu achi Portuguese ochokera kuphiri lamatabwa pamwamba pa Sintra. Nyumbayi ili pamtunda wa mamita 450 pamwamba pa nyanja, pamwamba pake (528 m) pali mtanda wokha pachimake chapafupi.
Munda wokongola wamapaki umayambira phirilo mpaka phazi lachifumu. Apa mutha kupumula mutapita kukaona nyumbayi, momwe mumamverera, ngwazi yamakatuni a Disney: kalonga wamatsenga, kapena wolanda panyanja, patchuthi chaching'ono kufunafuna zinthu zoti adzagwiritse ntchito munyanja.
Mbiri pang'ono
Malo ozungulira nyumba yachifumu ya Pena ku Sintra adakondedwa kale ndi mafumu, nthawi zambiri amapita maulendo opita kumapiri ataliatali. Kubwerera ku Middle Ages, pomwe Portugal idalandira ufulu kuchokera kuufumu wa Aragonese, tchalitchi cha Our Lady of Pena chidawonekera apa, pomwepo m'malo mwake - nyumba ya amonke mumachitidwe a Manueline.
Mbiri yake ndiyomvetsa chisoni: poyamba nyumbayo idawonongeka kwambiri ndi kuwomba kwa mphezi, ndipo patangopita nthawi pang'ono, panthawi ya chivomerezi cha 1755, mabwinja okhawo adatsalira ku nyumba ya amonke ya a Jeronimites. Adayimilirabe kwazaka zopitilira zana, mpaka banja lolamulira litagula malowo mu 1838. Mfumu Ferdinand II adaganiza zomanga nyumba yachilimwe m'malo mwawo. Mu 1840, paki idayikidwa pano, kenako ntchito yomanga idayamba.
Zomwe zidatuluka, titha kuwonanso patadutsa pafupifupi zaka mazana awiri. Nsanja ndi matawuni, ma minaret ndi nyumba - masitayelo a Kum'mawa ndi a Moor, Renaissance ndi Gothic, ophatikizidwa ndi Manueline yomweyo ... Zotsatira zake, tili ndi mtundu wina wamapangidwe achikondi a m'zaka za zana la 19 wokhala ndi zinthu zamabodza zakale. Kulakalaka zakunja ndizodziwika munthawi yachikondi.
Zachidziwikire, a Ferdinand II ndi Maria II adathandizira nawo pantchitoyi, zambiri zidachitika malinga ndi zofuna zawo. Banja lachifumu limathandizira pantchitoyi ndikuyang'anira ntchito yomanga. Pena Castle ku Portugal adatenga zaka 12 kuti amange. Banja lachifumu linali ndi ana 12, ndipo mkazi wake atamwalira (1853), Ferdinand adakwatiranso mu 1869 ndi wochita sewero Eliza Hensler, yemwe adapatsidwa ulemu wa Countess d'Edla ukwati usanachitike.
Ntchito zosiyanasiyana pakukonza ndikusintha kwanyumba ndi madera zidachitika osayima kwazaka zambiri, mpaka kumwalira kwa Ferdinand mu 1885.
Countess d'Edla adalandira nyumba yachifumu, koma mu 1889 idakhala chuma cha boma: wolowa m'malo adagulitsa, kutengera zomwe mfumu yatsopano ya ku Portugal, a Louis I.
Pambuyo pake, mamembala achifumu nthawi zambiri amabwera kuno, ndipo Pena Castle idakhala nyumba yachilimwe ya Mfumukazi yomaliza ya Portugal, Amelie Orleans. Apa amakhala ndi ana ake ndi amuna awo, a King Carlos I.
Ndipo mu 1908, Mfumu Carlos ndi mwana wamwamuna wamkulu wa Amelie (mdzukulu wa Ferdinand II) adaphedwa ndi zigawenga pakati penipeni pa likulu la Portugal. Zaka ziwiri pambuyo pake, panthawi ya zisinthazo, mwana wamwamuna womaliza, King Manuel II, nawonso adataya mpando wake wachifumu. Banja lachifumu linachoka ku Portugal ndi nyumba yomwe ankakonda - Pena Castle ku Sintra.
Nyumba yachifumuyo imakhala nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale zadziko lonse (Palácio Nacional da Pena). Zamkati zonse zomwe mzera wachifumu womaliza umakhala zimasungidwa pano.
Pali nyumba yachifumu ina ku Sintra, komwe kunali mafumu achifumu aku Portugal. Ngati ndi kotheka, khalani ndi nthawi yozifufuza.
Zomangamanga zachifumu
Zowala, ngati kansalu kazitsulo, mitundu yamakoma anyumbayi: wachikaso, wofiira, terracotta, bulauni ndi imvi, zomwe timawona tsopano ndikuwonekeranso pamisonkhano yosiyanasiyana, zidangowonekera kotala la zaka zapitazo mu 1994.
M'mbuyomu, nyumba yachifumuyo inali monochrome. Koma izi sizinachepetse luso lake pomanga; nthawi zonse zimawoneka zosangalatsa. Zithunzi zambiri za Pena Palace ku Portugal, zojambulidwa kuchokera mbali zosiyanasiyana, zikuwonetsa momwe makoma ake ndi maziko ake zimakhala pamiyala yayikulu kwambiri.
Pali magawo anayi (madera) omveka bwino pakupanga nyumba yachifumu:
- Makoma ozungulira ali ndi zitseko ziwiri, imodzi pafupi ndi mlatho.
- Thupi lachifumu: nyumba yakale ya amonke, kutsikira pang'ono pamwamba paphiri. Palinso nsanja yotchinga ndi mipando ina.
- Bwalo: ili moyang'anizana ndi tchalitchi chokhala ndi zipilala pakhoma. Mabwalowo ali mndondomeko ya Neo-Moorish.
- Nyumba yachifumu palokha: cholimba chachikulu ngati mawonekedwe a silinda.
Njira yolowera kunyumba yachifumu, imathera pa chitseko cha khoma lozungulira - khomo la Alhambra. Kudzera mwa iwo, alendo amafika pamtunda, kuchokera pano pali malingaliro abwino a High Cross yotchuka. Arc de Triomphe imatsogolera kumalo okhala.
Khomo lolowera pakatikati pa nyumba yachifumu (cloutoir) ndilowona ndipo lasungidwa kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 16. Pansi ndi makoma ali ndi matailosi aku Spain-Moorish mu gawo ili lachifumu.
Triton Arch (chithunzi pamwambapa) amatsogolera alendo ku Triton Tunnel, kenako ku Triton Terrace.
Malingaliro akum'mawa kwa Pena Palace park ndi zithunzi za malo kuyambira pano nyengo yabwino kwambiri ndizabwino.
Ndipo zithunzi za nyumbayi komanso malo ozungulira ndi owala bwino.
Nsanja yotchingira ndi tchalitchi ndi zotsalira zobwezeretsedwa ku nyumba zakale za amonke a ku Jeronimites.
Ngati nthawi ya ulendowu idagwa tsiku lamvula ndipo nyumba yachifumuyo idawombedwa ndi mphepo zochokera mbali zonse, ndipo malowa adamira ndi utsi, ndiye kuti simufunikanso kutaya mtima - malo okondana pagulu lazomangamanga la 18th akutsimikizika!
Pamalo ogulitsira mutha kudya ndipo, mutatsitsimutsidwa, pitilizani ulendo wanu kudzera muzipinda zachifumu mkati mwa bastion.
Pali opitilira khumi ndi awiri pano. Maziko azosonkhanitsa zosiyanasiyana: zitsanzo za mipando yakale yoyendera, zopanga zadothi zakale ndi zoumbaumba zabwino, mawindo opangidwa ndi magalasi aluso opangidwa ndi ambuye odziwika bwino, zotchingira bwino, ndi zinthu zina zamkati zamasiku amenewo.
Koma zamkati mwawo pafupifupi zipinda zonse zimakhala Zachipwitikizi: m'chipinda chilichonse mumakhala nkhuni zambiri, ndipo matailosi a azulejo pansi ndi makoma amajambulidwa mwanjira yapadera yokhala ndi matayala a 14x14 cm.
Chipinda chachikulu kwambiri m'nyumba yachifumu ndi khitchini yachifumu (chithunzi pamwambapa). Mavuni awiri pamenepo ndi apachiyambi, ndipo achitatu abwezeretsedwanso.
Chandelier wowona (wazaka za zana la 19) wa Chipinda Chosuta amapangidwa ndi zokongoletsera zazomera.
Muhader ndi dzina la kalembedwe kamene kamakongoletsa kudenga ndi makoma a Chipinda Chosuta. Ichi ndi chipinda chachikulu choyamba pomwe ntchito yomanga nyumba yachifumuyo idayamba. Zipindazo zidabwera kuchokera ku India mzaka za m'ma 40s zapitazo.
Zipinda za King Carlos I, zokhala ndi nyumba yakale ya abbot ku nyumba ya amonke ya Jerome.
Zipinda za Mfumukazi Amelie pamwamba pazinyumba zachifumu.
Akazembe adalandiridwa koyamba muholo yayikulu, kenako adasinthidwa kukhala chipinda chama biliard.
Kutalika kwa zingwe za nyumba zachifumu ndizabwino.
Phwando la phwando (Hall of the Knights).
Chophikira chenicheni chamkuwa chimakhala ndi zikwangwani zoyambirira zachifumu, ndipo zopereka zodyera zadothi zimapangidwa ndi malaya a Ferdinand II.
Kudera lachifumu, nthawi zambiri pamakhala ziwonetsero zingapo zakusunga m'malo osungira zinthu zakale. Mtengo wamatikiti wokaona Pena Palace kuchokera ku Sintra (Portugal) umaphatikizaponso kuwunika momwe awonekera.
Mawindo a magalasi okhala ndi Pena Palace.
Purezidenti wa Republic of Portugal ndi akuluakulu ena aboma nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito Pena National Palace kulandira nthumwi zakunja.
Paki
Mawonekedwe abwino a nyumba yachifumu amatsegulidwa kuchokera pakiyi kuchokera pa chifanizo cha Ferdinand II, mfumu yolandila nyumbayi. Kuti mukafike kumeneko, muyenera kukwera miyala. Zachidziwikire, nsapato ndi zovala ziyenera kukhala zabwino komanso zotetezeka.
Malinga ndi zofuna za Ferdinand II, paki yomwe inali m'munsi mwa nyumba yachifumu ya Pena idapangidwa ngati munda wachikondi wanthawi imeneyo. Pali malo ambiri amiyala ndi mabenchi amiyala m'derali. Kuti aliyense atsogolere njira zopota. Mitundu yambiri yamitengo yochokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi komanso zomera zosowa kwambiri zimabzalidwa ndikukula ku Pena Park. Nyengo yakomweko idawalola kuti azolowere mosavuta ndikukhazikika mpaka kalekale.
Palibe amene angadutse dera lalikulu la nkhalango la mahekitala 250 nthawi imodzi (yomwe ili pafupi mabwalo 120 a mpira!). Zowonadi zake, alendo ambiri amavomereza kuti atasanthula nyumba yachifumuyo kuchokera kunja komanso mkati, mulibe mphamvu zotsalira pakiyo. Chifukwa chake kwa iwo omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi kapangidwe ka botani ndi malo osungirako malo, ndizomveka kupatula tsiku lina kuti adzawonere.
Apa mupeza chilichonse: mathithi, mayiwe ndi mayiwe, akasupe ndi nyanja. Dongosolo lamadzi la paki yonse limalumikizidwa, ndipo zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomanga ndi zokongoletsa zabalalika mozungulira. Malingaliro ambiri osangalatsa paki yozungulira Pena Palace akuwonetsedwa pamapu, zomwe ndibwino kuti mupite nanu paulendowu.
Pali malo awiri olowera pakiyi, ndipo kumbuyo kwawo kumayambira munda wa Mfumukazi Amelie. Mutha kupita ku dovecote kuti mukaone mtundu wa 3D wa Sintra wowonetsedwa apa.
Yendani m'njira zazitali za Camellia Garden ndikuwona Royal Valley Valley.
Sindiwo mitundu yakomweko, koma Australia ndi New Zealand, koma adayamba mizu, chifukwa asanakalimidwe kuno, adazolowera ku Azores.
Momwe mungachokere ku Lisbon
Masitima angapo pa ola (mzere CP) amachoka m'malo okwerera magalimoto:
- Oriente
- Rossio
- Entrecampos
Nthawi yoyendera kupita ku Sintra kuchokera mphindi 40. mpaka ola limodzi, mitengo ya 2.25 euros (tsamba lawebusayiti www.cp.pt). Kupitilira pomwe sitima yapamtunda idakwera basi nambala 434 ya kampani yaku Scotturb yama 3 euros (5.5 euros uko ndi kumbuyo). Mtunda wopita kunyumba yachifumu ndi 3.5 km, mseu umakwera kwambiri.
Pagalimoto: tengani msewu waukulu wa IC19. Makonzedwe oyenda panyumba ya Pena Palace ku Sintra ndi 38º 47 '16 .45 "N 9º 23 '15 .35" W.
Ngati muli kale pakatikati pa Sintra ndipo mumakonda kuyenda mosafulumira kupyola nyumba zake zachifumu ndi mapaki, ndiye kuti zovuta izi zimatha kufikiridwa ndi misewu yopita kukayenda:
- Kuchokera ku Moorish Palace (Percurso de Santa Maria), ndikuphwanya mamita 1770 mu ola limodzi
- Kuchokera ku Percurso da Lapa - mamita 1450 mu mphindi 45 pang'onopang'ono.
Yerekezerani mitengo ya malo ogwiritsira ntchito Fomu iyi
Mitengo yamatikiti ndi nthawi zoyendera
Munda ndi zomangamanga zanyumba ya Pena ku Sintra (Portugal) mchilimwe kuyambira Marichi 28 mpaka Okutobala 30 zimagwira ntchito motere:
- Nyumba yachifumu kuyambira 9:30 mpaka 19:00
- Paki kuyambira 9:30 mpaka 20:00
Mu nyengo yotsika, maola ogwira ntchito ndi awa:
- Nyumbayi imatsegulidwa kuyambira 10:00 mpaka 18:00
- Pakiyi itha kuchezeredwa kuyambira 10:00 mpaka 18:00
Ofesi yamatikiti imasiya kugulitsa matikiti kunyumba yachifumu ola limodzi kutatsala pang'ono kutsekedwa, ndipo khomo lolowera kukopa limatseka mphindi 30 ntchito isanathe.
Ndizotheka kugula matikiti owonera zinthu zilizonse komanso kuphatikiza. Mtengo umawonetsedwa m'ma euro.
| Tikiti | Nyumba yachifumu ndi paki | Paki |
|---|---|---|
| Kwa 1 wamkulu wazaka 18 mpaka 64 zakubadwa | 14 | 7,5 |
| Kwa ana azaka 6-17 | 12,5 | 6,6 |
| Kwa anthu 65 kapena kupitirira | 12,5 | 6,5 |
| Banja (2 akulu + ana awiri) | 49 | 26 |
Pakutha nyengo yayikulu yokaona alendo, mtengo wamatikiti olowera nthawi zambiri umatsika. Mtengo weniweni wamatikiti ndi kusintha kwa nyengo isanakwane nyengo yachisanu isanayang'ane patsamba la Pena Palace ku Sintra (www.parquesdesintra.pt).
Patsamba, ndizotheka kulemba munthu wowongolera, mtengo wake kutengera kutalika kwa ulendowu kuchokera ku ma euro 5. Maulendo otsogozedwa amapezeka mu Chipwitikizi, Chingerezi kapena Chisipanishi. Maupangiri olankhula Chirasha amaperekanso ntchito zawo - anzathu omwe amakhala ndikugwira ntchito ku Lisbon.
Mitengo ndi ya Marichi 2020.
Ku Lisbon, mutha kugulanso ulendo wopita ku Pena Palace pafupifupi 80-85 euros (tikiti ya ana ndi theka la mtengo). Ndiotanganidwa kwambiri ndipo imaphatikizapo ntchito zowongolera, mayendedwe ndi chakudya.
Mbali yapadera ya nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakaleyi kuchokera kumalo ena osungiramo zinthu zakale ku Portugal komanso m'maiko ambiri aku Europe ndikuti amaloledwa kuwombera chiwonetsero cham'nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale pano. Chifukwa chake, alendo onse omwe adapita ku Portugal samaphonya mwayi wokajambula chithunzi chokongoletsa cha Pena Castle, ndipo ambiri amajambulanso kanema. Timabweretsa chimodzi mwa izo.
Sintra wakhala akulimbikitsa olemba ndakatulo komanso mafumu olodzedwa. Onetsetsani kuti mupite kumeneko ndikuchezera Pena Palace - chipilalachi chosangalatsa komanso chosakongola kwambiri munthawi yachikondi. Ndi chimodzi mwazipilala zomangidwa kwambiri ku Portugal.
Zithunzi zapamwamba kwambiri zanyumbayi, zamkati ndi paki - onerani kanema waufupi.