Kusamalira ndi kulima chomera chanyumba - hybrid gloxinia

Gloxinia yakhala ikulimidwa ngati chomera chanyumba kwanthawi yayitali. Izi zotentha ndizosavuta kusamalira, komabe zimafunikira chisamaliro choyenera.

Kuti kukongola kotere kusangalatse diso ndi maluwa ake ochuluka komanso apachaka kwa nthawi yayitali, m'pofunika kuphunzira mosamala zonse zofunika kuti azisamalidwa, kubzala ndi kubereka.

Pansipa muwona momwe zikuwonekera, pezani maupangiri ndi zidule zofunika.

Mbiri yoyambira

Chomeracho chili ndi mayina awiri wamba - Gloxinia ndi Sinningia.... Mu 1785, chomera chidapezeka ku Brazil - zamawangamawanga gloxinia. Dzinali linaperekedwa polemekeza botanist komanso dokotala Peter Gloksin. Chomera chake chidakhala woyimira woyamba wa mtundu wonse.

Mu 1825, woimira wina wa chomerachi adapezeka ndikufotokozedwa, zomwe zimasiyana pamapangidwe a duwa komanso kupezeka kwa tuber. Chomeracho chidatumizidwa kupita kumunda wamaluwa ku London, wazomera Wilhelm Sinning anali kuphunzira. Polemekeza iye, nthumwi ya banja la Gesneriev adatchedwa sinningnia.

Tchulani! Pambuyo pake, dzina loti Sinningia linangopatsidwa Gloxinia lokongola, ndipo mitundu ina yonse idakhalabe gloxinia, yomwe m'Chijeremani imatanthauza belu. Koma chomeracho chili ndi mayina awiri, limodzi lodziwika bwino ku botany - synningnia, ndi lina la olima maluwa ndi akatswiri - gloxinia. Madera okula m'chilengedwe - Mexico, Brazil, Andes.

Kufotokozera kwa botanical

Gloxinia ndi chomera chosatha cha banja la Gesneriaceae. Izi makamaka ndizomera zam'malo otentha. Ndi semi-shrub, shrub ndi herbaceous. Mizu yake ndiyopyapyala, yolimba bwino, m'mitundu ina gawo la mizu ndi tuber. Tsinde lake ndi lolunjika, lamaliseche, ndi silt laubweya.

Masamba a chomeracho amakhala okhazikika, chowulungika, osapanganika katatu, motsutsana. Masamba amatha kukhala owala kapena owoneka pang'ono... Maluwawo ndi osakwatiwa, amatuluka mu ma axils, owala, akulu, owoneka ngati belu. Corollas ndi tubular, amatha kukhala oyera, abulauni, ofiirira komanso pinki. Nthawi zonse pamakhala ma stamens 4, koma palibe oyipa. Mbeu ndizochepa, zilipo zambiri.

Mitundu

Pali mitundu itatu yayikulu yazomera, imatha kuphatikiza ma subspecies ndi mitundu yambiri, koma kulongosola kwa mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake kudzakhala chimodzimodzi.

Wopepuka

Zomera zimakhala ndi zimayambira zazikulu. Kutalika kwawo sikufikira masentimita oposa 5. Masambawo ndi aatali, mpaka 19 sentimita. Mtundu wa masambawo ndi wobiriwira wowala, wonyezimira. Masamba amatengedwa mu rosette woyambira. Corollas ali ndi chubu chotseguka chowoneka bwino. Chitolirochi chimakhala ndi zotsekedwa zisanu. Mtundu wa maluwawo umatha kusiyanasiyana.

M'mitundu yambiri, malire oyera amayenda m'mphepete mwa khola.... Nthaŵi zambiri, bitmap imawoneka yakuya mkati mwa chubu. Chomeracho ndi cha tuberous, tubers zimasungidwa bwino nthawi yozizira mumphika wawo komanso kunja. Maluwa amatha kufalikira ndi mbewu, pakadali pano maluwa samapezeka pasanathe miyezi 8 mutabzala.

Yaikulu-yothamanga

Zomera za gululi zafupikitsa zimayambira, zomwe sizingathe kupitirira masentimita 2-5 kutalika. Large-flowered gloxinia ali ndi chitsamba "chochepa". Popeza masamba samapitilira masentimita 10 m'litali, ndipo palibe ambiri aiwo. Masambawa amakhala okhazikika, owala. Corolla wamaluwa amawoneka ngati faneli, yotakata, yotseguka. M'mphepete mwake muli lobed yolimba zisanu ndi chimodzi mpaka masentimita 12 m'mimba mwake.

Maluwa mumitundu yambiri amakhala a wavy m'mphepete mwake, osakhazikika nthawi zambiri. Ma Perianths amtunduwu amakhala opaka utoto nthawi zonse. Zomera ndizotentha, ma tubers awo samalolera nyengo yozizira bwino, amafunikira kukonzanso kowonjezera kusanachitike komanso nthawi yosungira. Amachulukana bwino ndi mbewu, akabzala amafalikira pakatha miyezi 6. Gluxinia yayikulu-yayikulu ndiyosavuta kuyisamalira.

Zokongoletsa

Zomera zazomera zimatha kutalika mpaka 7 sentimita... Masamba a mawonekedwe oyenera ozungulira. Tsambali limatha kukhala mpaka masentimita 15 kutalika. Masamba okongoletsa a Gloxinia ndi osalimba. Mtundu wa masamba mumitundu yambiri ndi bulauni. Maluwa a corolla ali ndi chubu chowoneka chowoneka bwino. Maluwa otere amatha kukhala ndi ma lobed asanu ndi limodzi kapena asanu ndi awiri. Makulidwe a bend akhoza kukhala masentimita 12.

Maluwawo ndi akulu, amawoneka okulira kwambiri chifukwa cha tchire lamasamba apakatikati. Maluwa okongoletsera gloxinia amakhala owala nthawi zonse, nthawi zambiri mtundu wawo ndi wunifolomu, nthawi zambiri amakhala opindika, owoneka bwino, amizeremizere, owoneka bwino.

MFUNDO! Chomeracho ndi tuberous, tubers yake nthawi yachisanu bwino, mumphika wawo kapena gawo lapansi lamchenga.

Kodi pali mitundu ingati yamtundu wosakanizidwa?

Mitundu ya Gloxinia imakhala ndi mitundu yoposa 25. Mitundu yazomera siyingathe kuwerengedwa, chifukwa obereketsa akupanga mitundu yatsopano. Wotchuka kwambiri:

1. Yesenia zosiyanasiyana;
2. zosiyanasiyana Bohemia;
3. Kulima kwa Kaiser Wilhelm;
4. Jasmine zosiyanasiyana;
5. gulu la mitundu ya Tydea;
6. zosiyanasiyana Msonkhano wamwayi;
7. kalasi Grozovoy Pass;
8. Tigrina zosiyanasiyana;
9. Blue Pearl zosiyanasiyana;
10. Party Dude zosiyanasiyana;
11. Mitundu ya Popcorn ya Ozark Pink;
12. zosiyanasiyana Sinningia leucotricha.

Malamulo obzala ndi malangizo

Kukula bwino ndikukula kwa chomera, m'pofunika kuganizira zofunikira zake - malo osavuta, kuyatsa, chinyezi ndi kutentha kwa mpweya, mphika woyenera ndi nthaka.

Kuunikira ndi malo

Kunyumba, gloxinia imakula bwino kutentha kutentha komwe anthu amawadziwa. Silola kutentha bwino, simuyenera kuyika maluwa m'chipinda momwe kutentha kumatha kufika + 28C. Pakati pa kukula ndi maluwa, kutentha kwa mpweya sikuyenera kukhala kopitilira + 22-24C osati kutsika kuposa + 16C. Zima zochepa posungira tubers + 10-14C.

Malo oti chitukuko chathunthu cha gloxinia chiyenera kusankhidwa bwino, ndipo ndiyeneranso kupatsa chomeracho kuwala kwina. Njira zabwino zokhazikitsira mphika ndi gloxinia zingakhale pazenera, khonde lowala. Ndikofunikira ngati galasi pafupi ndi chomeracho litseguka, koma ayeneranso kuteteza maluwawo kuchokera kumphepo.

Gloxinia amakonda chinyezi chamkati, ngati sizingatheke kuti chipindacho chikhale chopangira chinyezi, nthawi ndi nthawi mumatha kutulutsa chipinda ndikumangirira mpweya mwa kupopera madzi kuchokera mu botolo la kutsitsi.

Zofunika panthaka

Kuti mubzale gloxinia, dothi lotsatira likufunika:

• Magawo awiri azanthaka;
• Gawo limodzi la nthaka ya peat kapena wowonjezera kutentha;
• Gawo limodzi mchenga wamtsinje.

Nthaka iyenera kukhala yotsika kwambiri komanso yopumira... Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kumasula bwino. Ndikofunikanso kuwononga nthaka. Pachifukwa ichi, yankho la "Maxim" wothandizira ndiloyenera, kwa 2 malita a madzi 1 ampoule wa mankhwala. Musanabzala, ngalande zabwino ziyenera kuikidwa pansi pa mphika. Poto ya gloxinia ndiyofunika kugula yosaya koma yotakata. Popeza mizu ya chomerayo ndi yachiphamaso ndipo safuna kuyikidwa mwamphamvu.

CHOFUNIKA! Pakukula kwathunthu kwa mizu, pakufunika mtunda wa masentimita 4-5 pakati pa tuber ndi khoma la chotengera.

Kodi mungasamalire bwanji moyenera?

Gloxinia ili ndi zinthu zingapo zofunika kuzisamalira:

1. Pakadutsa maluwa, gawo la nthaka limatha, muyenera kudikirira mpaka ntchitoyi ithe ikadzatha yokha.
2. Gawo la nthaka likafa, chomeracho chimachoka nthawi yayitali, pomwe pamafunika umuna ndi potaziyamu monophosphate. Pakusintha kwakanthawi kochepa, feteleza wa nayitrogeni sangagwiritsidwe ntchito mumphika wazomera.
3. Gloxinia, mosalephera, ayenera kulandira kutentha pang'ono kwa maola 14 patsiku, izi zitha kuperekedwa ndi kuwunikira kowonjezera ndi nyali zapadera.

Kuthirira

Kuthirira gloxinia panthawi yokula kumakhala kochuluka. Madzi ayenera kukhala ofewa, okhazikika komanso otentha 2-3C kuposa kutentha. Mutha kuthirira gloxinia mu thireyi kapena m'mphepete mwa mphika. Ngati kuthirira kumachitika kudzera paphalapo, ndiye kuti pakadutsa mphindi 20-30 madzi otsalawo ayenera kuchotsedwa.

M'nyengo yotentha yotentha, kuthirira kumachitika katatu pa sabata... M'nyengo yozizira, njirayi iyenera kuchepetsedwa mpaka katatu pamwezi, nthaka ikauma. Nthawi yonseyi, kuthirira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa, komanso kupewa nthaka kuti isamaume.

Matenda wamba ndi tizirombo

Gloxinia imatha kugwidwa ndi matendawa:

• masamba amasanduka achikasu - chifukwa chinyezi chochepa komanso kusowa kwa dzuwa;
• mawanga bulauni pa masamba - amayamba kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira kuthirira;
• masamba ndi otumbululuka ndipo kulibe maluwa - chifukwa cha kuyatsa koyipa komanso kusowa kwa chakudya chamagulu.

Tizilombo tomwe timayambitsa matenda a gloxinia:

• kangaude - kumangitsa gawo lapadziko lapansi la gloxinia ndi ulusi woyera, pomenyera nkhondo, kuchiza msanga kwa mbewu ndi ma acaricides kumafunika;
• thrips ndi nsabwe za m'masamba - tizirombo tating'onoting'ono, timalimbana ndi zomera ndipo timafa kwathunthu, pakuwonetsera kwawo koyamba, chithandizo chofulumira ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo chikufunika.

Zoswana

Kubereka kwa gloxinia ndikotheka m'njira zitatu.

Mbewu

Kuyambira Novembala mpaka Okutobala, muyenera kubzala mbewu zosakanikirana ndi dothi lamasamba, peat ndi mchenga muyezo wa 1: 1.

1. Osayika maliro, koma muziwazapo pang'ono ndi nthaka.
2. Ikani chidebecho ndi mbewu pamalo owala komanso ofunda, nthawi ndi nthawi muwaza nthaka ndi madzi ofunda.
3. Ngati ndi kotheka, tsekani nyembazo ndi zojambulazo ndipo muzipuma mpweya nthawi ndi nthawi.
4. Zipatso zimapezeka masiku 14-20. Zipatso ndi masamba 2-3 amatha kuziika kale mumphika wawo.

Zodula

1. Tsamba lokhala ndi petiole yaying'ono ya masentimita 1-1.5 limadulidwa kuchokera ku chomeracho.
2. Petiole imazikidwa mumsakaniza wa peat ndi mchenga (1: 1) ndikuphimbidwa kuti apange wowonjezera kutentha.
3. Pemphani mbande kamodzi patsiku.
4. Pambuyo pa masabata atatu, ma tubers achichepere amapangidwa, ndiye kuti chomeracho chitha kutsegulidwa ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, chiika.

Kenako mutha kuwona momwe izi zimachitikira.:

Gawo la Tuber

1. Chomera chachikulu chathanzi chimatsukidwa pazotsalira zadothi ndikugawana magawo ndi mpeni wakuthwa.
2. Gawo lirilonse liyenera kukhala ndi pothawa.
3. Malo odulidwa amauma ndi phulusa la nkhuni.
4. Chidutswa chilichonse chimabzalidwa mumphika ngati chubu chokwanira. Osamwetsa madzi masiku atatu oyamba.

Palibe wolima yemwe sanakumanepo ndi chomera ngati gloxinia. Kwa nthawi yayitali wapambana mitima ndi kukongola kwake. Zonse zomwe zafotokozedwa pakumusamalira sizili zovuta, kotero mutha kupeza kukongola koteroko kunyumba.

Onerani kanemayo: Gloxinia flowering in an Indian garden (September 2024).