Kukongola pazenera: kukulira ndikusamalira ma violets kunyumba

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Violet ndi chomera chodziwika bwino chomwe chapatsa chidwi mitima ya alimi ambiri amaluwa ndi maluwa ake owala bwino.

Kwa nthawi yayitali, mtundu wa violet udawoneka pakati pa mbewu zamaluwa, ndipo tsopano wakula mwakhama m'nyumba. Ma inflorescence ake amakopa ndi kukongola kwawo, ndipo masamba ake ndi velvety.

Lero pali mitundu yake yambiri, iliyonse yomwe imasiyana osati mikhalidwe yakunja kokha, komanso mawonekedwe amisamaliro. Kudziwa zovuta zonse za kukula kwa ma violets, mutha kuletsa kukula kwa matenda ndikuchulukitsa maluwa.

Kodi kusamalira kunyumba?

Kusankha mphika woyenera

Mukamakula violet kunyumba, ndikofunikira kusamalira mphika woyenera. Pofuna kuti chombocho chisaswe, chimayenera kukhala chinyezi komanso chopumira. Izi zidzalola mizu kukula. Kwa maluwa achikulire, chidebe chotalika ndi m'mimba mwake masentimita 10 ndi choyenera.

Kuphatikiza apo, gawo lakumunsi liyenera kukhala ndi ngalande. Mpaka mizu ikadzaza mphika wa gawo lapansi, kuzika mizu sikudzachitika. Pobzala, mphika woyamba m'mimba mwake udzakhala masentimita 6. Koma dzenje loyendetsa likhale lalikulu. Chomeracho chimabzalidwa zaka zitatu zilizonse. Nthawi yomweyo, sikofunikira kusintha chidebecho nthawi zonse, ndikofunikira kusintha gawo lapansi, kuyeretsa mizu.

Kapangidwe ka nthaka ndi kuchuluka kwake

Mukamasamalira chipinda cha violet, ndikofunikira kusamalira gawo lapamwamba kwambiri. Pobzala mbewu, gwiritsani ntchito acidic, imaphatikizapo zinthu izi:

peat;
Moss wouma wa sphagnum;
nthaka yamasamba;
makala.

Bungwe. Perlite ndi vermiculite akhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku peat. Chifukwa cha iwo, chinyezi m'nthaka chimatha nthawi yayitali.

Moss ndi malasha sayenera kupitirira 10% yathunthu pazinthu zazikuluzikulu:

peat - magawo atatu;
nthaka yamasamba - magawo 5;
mchenga wamtsinje wolimba - gawo limodzi.

Chinyezi chofunikira

M'malo awo achilengedwe, ma violets azolowera chinyezi chambiri. Kunyumba, sungani chinyezi mkati mwa 50-60%Osachepera. Chinyezi chikatsika, kuchuluka kwa chinyezi chomwe chimayamwa ndi duwa sikungabweretse kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amatuluka ndi violet.

Zotsatira zake, masambawo satseguka kwathunthu, ndipo masamba amayamba kuuma ndikupindika. Kuonjezera msinkhu wa chinyezi, sikulimbikitsidwa kupopera mbewu ndi botolo la kutsitsi. Izi zidzangokulitsa vutoli, chifukwa zitsogolera kukulitsa matenda a fungal. Koma mutha kuwonjezera chinyezi popanda kuwononga duwa ngati mutola miphika ingapo pagulu. Onetsetsani kuti masamba ochokera mumiphika yosiyanasiyana sakukhudzana.

Zowunikira ndikuwonetsa malo oyenera

Chomera chikangolowa m'malo atsopano, chimapanikizika nthawi yomweyo. Kuti nthawi yosinthira idutse mwachangu komanso mosavuta, muyenera kupatsa violet malo abwino. Za ichi zotengera zokhala ndi duwa ziyenera kuikidwa pazenera lomwe limayang'ana kumadzulo kapena kum'mawa.

Mukayika chidebe pazenera lakumwera, muyenera kuphimba chomeracho. Ndipo ngakhale kuti mtundu wa violet umayanjanitsidwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndimphamvu yake komanso komwe amakhala mbali yakumwera, ndikowopsa kuyaka pamasamba osalala a velvety. Izi zimapanga mabowo osakongola okhala ndi mapiri owuma. Khoka la udzudzu liyenera kuyikidwa pazenera kuti kuwala kwa dzuwa kufalikire.

Ndipo zitheka kupewa zovuta.

Zofunika. Mukayika chomera pazenera, onetsetsani kuti masambawo sakhudza galasi. Mpweya wabwino umathandizanso pa ma violets, koma sipangakhale zojambula, chifukwa izi ndizopweteka kwenikweni kwa chomeracho. Kuonetsetsa kuti mbali zonse ndi mbali zonse za chitsamba cha violet zimalandira kuwala kofanana, sinthani mphikawo pafupipafupi.

Chitani izi kamodzi sabata kapena ndikuthirira. Ngati izi sizichitika, ndiye kuti chitsamba chimatambasula mbali imodzi, ndikupangitsa kusiyana pakukula kwa masamba ndi maluwa.

Kutentha boma

Mphukira zimatseguka kutentha kwa madigiri 18 (dzinja) ndi madigiri 24 (chilimwe)... Ngati kuwerengera kutentha kuli pansipa kapena kupitilira malirewo, ndiye kuti kukula ndi maluwa a violet kumaima.

Momwe mungathirire madzi?

Ndikofunika kuthirira violet kuti nthaka yomwe ikupezeka isamaume komanso isasanduke mtanda wolimba. Sungunulani mafuta kawiri pa sabata. Kuthirira pafupipafupi kumatsimikizika poganizira chinyezi, nyengo ndi nthaka. Ndipo ngakhale violet imakonda nthaka yonyowa, kuthira madzi sikuloledwa.

Imwani ndi madzi kutentha. Iyenera kukhala yofewa komanso yolimba. Mukamachita izi, onetsetsani kuti madzi asadutse pamasamba. Mukamwetsa, muyenera kutsatira malamulo awa:

Sankhani njira yopumulira: yachibadwa, poto kapena chingwe. Timawona njira yomaliza kukhala yoyenera kwambiri. Mukakhazikitsa dongosololi molondola, ndiye kuti mutha kusungunula violet kamodzi pamasabata awiri.
Ndikuthirira kwa chingwe, ma capillary a chingwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa chake madzi ochokera pachidebe pansi pa mphika amakwera pamwamba pa chingwe ndikupereka chinyezi panthaka. Chifukwa chake, kubzala nyumba kumalandira kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amafunikira panthawi komanso munjira zina.
Thirani madzi panja patatha mphindi 15.
Gwiritsani zosefera zokha.
Kutentha kwake kuyenera kukhala madigiri 18-22.

Feteleza

Pofuna kupewa kufa kwa chomera, muyenera kudziwa nthawi yomwe imafunikira kudyetsedwa, ndi nthawi yokana. Kukula kwathunthu ndi maluwa a ma violets, nyimbo izi zikufunika:

Manyowa amchere... Izi zikuphatikiza ndi superphosphates, chifukwa chomwe maluwa ndi kukula kwakhama kumaperekedwa. Ndikofunika kuwonjezera ma granules osayera kapena oyera panthawi yopatsa.
Manyowa ovuta amchere... Chifukwa cha iwo, maluwa amkati amadzaza ndi mankhwala ofunikira amchere.
Zachilengedwe... Kwa umuna, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito pang'ono humus kapena humus, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pakuika china. Zovala zapamwamba ndizofunikira kwa akulu okha komanso anthu athanzi.

Bungwe. Sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza a nayitrogeni. Ngati akuchulukirachulukira, ndiye kuti chomeracho chimayamba kubala zobiriwira, koma maluwa sangawoneke.

Zambiri pazomwe ma violets sangaphukire komanso momwe mungasamalire bwino chomera kuti mupewe izi, tidakambirana m'nkhani ina.

Uzambara chomera zosiyanasiyana komanso kusiyana kwake ndi chipinda wamba

Poyerekeza ndi ma violets wamba amkati, Saintpaulias (Uzambara violet) ali ndi corolla yamatumba asanu. Ili ndi mawonekedwe olondola ndipo imagulitsidwa mu chubu. Chiwerengero cha ma stamens si 5, koma 4, chifukwa chake chisanu cha duwa chimakhala chosavomerezeka, chomwe chimadziwika kwambiri mu ma violets wamba.

Pali kusiyana pankhani yokhudza chisamaliro. Usambara violet imafuna kutentha kwambiri, chinyezi, ma drafts saloledwa kutero, ikufuna nthaka ndi kuyatsa.

Kukula, kubereka ndi kuziika

Ngati violet m'nyumba imalandira michere nthawi zonse ngati feteleza wamadzi, ndiye kuti kumuika sikofunikira. Chitani izi pokhapokha ngati chomeracho chili chopanikizika kwambiri mumphika, chimalowetsedwa ndi mizu. Kenako mutha kusunthira duwa ku chidebe chokulirapo ndi nthaka yatsopano.
Nthawi yabwino yobzala ndi masika.... Sankhani chidebe chokulirapo (2-4 cm) kuposa choyambacho. Anthu ena ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi amabzala mbewu chaka chilichonse. Izi zimawathandiza kuti ayang'ane momwe rhizome ilili. Ngati mizu youma kapena kufalikira ikuwoneka kuchokera pa chikomokere cha dothi, ndiye kuti ichotseni ndi mpeni wakuthwa komanso wophera tizilombo.

Pofalitsa ma violets amkati, njira yodulira masamba ndiyabwino kwambiri. Ndikofunika kudula masamba a petroled kuchokera ku chomera cha mayi m'mphepete pansi pogwiritsa ntchito mpeni wakuthwa. Muzimutsuka ndi madzi kuti mupewe kukula kwa zowola. Limbikitsani chomera 1 cm kukhala chisakanizo cha peat ndi mchenga. Palibe umuna wofunikira.

Sungunulani gawo lapansi ndi madzi ofunda. Komanso onani malangizo otsatirawa:

Ikani mphikawo m'thumba la pulasitiki kuti apange wowonjezera kutentha.
Khalani pamalo owala, koma osati padzuwa. Sungani kayendedwe ka kutentha mkati mwa madigiri 20-25.
Tsitsani mpweya tsiku lililonse kuti muchepetse kukula kwa nkhungu.

Ngati izi zonse zakwaniritsidwa, makanda adzawoneka ndikucheka m'masabata 4-6. Zipatsozo zimakhala zazitali masentimita awiri mpaka atatu ndipo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi duwa lamayi kuti zitha kuziikidwa padera. Gwiritsani ntchito zotengera zokhala ndi 9 cm m'mimba mwake.

Phunzirani zambiri za kukhazikitsa mizu ya violet pogwiritsa ntchito kudula, komanso njira zina zokulitsira duwa, kuphatikiza mbewu.

Matenda omwe angakhalepo

Kuti muwonetsetse kuti mbeu yayitali, kuyenera kutsatira malamulo onse aukadaulo waulimi. Kupanda kutero, tizirombo ndi matenda zimangowononga maluwawo. Zina mwa tizirombo tangozi pachibulu ndi:

nkhupakupa;
zishango ndi zikopa zabodza;
thrips;
masika;
nematode;
nyongolotsi;
nsabwe;
nsabwe zamatabwa;
udzudzu ndi mphonje;
whitehouse wowonjezera kutentha.

Pakulima ndikukonza chomera chotentha ichi Olima maluwa amakhala ndi zovuta zomwe zimasokoneza mtundu wa violet:

Ndikuthirira madzi ambiri ozizira, malo abulauni amatha kuwonekera pamasamba osakhwima a chomera.
Ngati muika mphika wa ma violets pamalo ozizira, ndiye kuti ayamba kutha, amakhala olephera. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira, usiku, kusamutsa maluwawo kuti azitha kutentha.
Mothandizidwa ndi kuwunika kwa dzuwa, masamba ndi maluwa a chomeracho amawotcha ndikuphimbidwa ndi malo ofiira.
Ndikumangokhala chinyezi nthawi zonse m'nthaka, kuvunda kwa mizu ya ma violets kumayamba. Zomera zodzaza madzi ndi zowonongeka ziyenera kubzalidwanso mwachangu, apo ayi zitha kufa.
Mpweya mchipinda momwe ma violets amapezeka umadzazidwa ndi nthunzi za mpweya, nthunzi zamankhwala, ndiye kuti azichita izi motere: masamba ofungika, kuyimitsidwa kwa kukula kwawo, inflorescence ipeza utoto wofiirira ndikuyamba kugwa.

Mapeto

Violet yakunyumba ndi ya mbewu zomwe ndizosavuta, komanso zosangalatsa kusamalira. Kusunga malingaliro ndi malamulo onse aukadaulo waulimi, duwa lidzaphuka bwino komanso kwanthawi yayitali, limakula ndikukula, ndipo palibe tizirombo toyambitsa matendawa tidzawaopsa.

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