Zonse zakukula kwamaluwa kunyumba kuchokera ku mbewu zomwe zidagulidwa ku China

Orchid ndi duwa lokongola lomwe limakondedwa ndi anthu ambiri, amalimidwa ndi alimi odziwa ntchito zamaluwa komanso omwe amalima maluwa.

Komabe, siotsika mtengo kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri okonda ake amakhala ndi chidwi chodzilimitsa okha mwa kuyitanitsa mbewu ku China.

Kuphatikiza apo, zilipo zambiri, koma ndi zotsika mtengo. Kodi ndizotheka ndi momwe tingachitire, nkhaniyi ifotokoza.

Mitundu yazomera

Pamalo achi China, nthawi zambiri mumatha kuyitanitsa mbewu za orchid zamtundu wotchuka kwambiri wa Phalaenopsis, komanso mitundu ya Cymbidium, Dendrobium, Wanda, Cattleya yamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mitunduyi ndi yophatikiza, yopangidwa ndi obereketsa makamaka kuti imere kunyumba ndi mtengo wotsika kwambiri pantchito ndikusangalatsa eni ake ndi kukongola.

Kodi zingalimidwe motere?

Ngati muli ndi mwayi wopeza mbewu zenizeni za orchid patsamba la Chitchaina, ndiye kuti mutha kulima maluwa a orchid. Koma, mwatsoka, iyi ndi njira yayitali komanso yotopetsa. Muyenera kugula zida ndi zinthu zofunikira, kukhalabe wosabereka ndi kutentha komwe kumafunidwa. Alimi ena, nthabwala, amatcha zonsezi kuti ndi labotale yeniyeni. Kuphatikiza apo, zotsatira zake ziyenera kudikirira nthawi yayitali.

ZOKHUDZA: Mbeu yobzalidwayo itha kusintha maluwa kukhala akuluakulu mu zaka 4-6.

Mawonekedwe:

Mukamaitanitsa mbewu ku China, mutha kukumana ndi ogulitsa osakhulupirika omwe amapereka mbewu za zomera zina komanso mbewu za udzu kapena udzu wa mbewu za orchid. Ambiri pankhaniyi amamva chisoni ndi nthawi komanso ntchito yomwe adawonongera kuti akule, ndipo akhumudwitsidwa ndi lingaliro ili.

Koma, mwamwayi, ndiotsika mtengo ndipo ngati pali chikhumbo champhamvu choyesera kukulitsa, mutha kuyitanitsanso. Kupatula apo, ngati mutha kulima duwa nokha, mumakhala ndi chisangalalo chosayerekezeka ndikuwonera kukula kwake, kenako maluwa okongola kwambiri achikulire omwe amafalikira.

Amawoneka bwanji?

Mbeu za orchid ndizochepa kwambiri ndipo zimatha kusokonekera ngati fumbi. Kukula kwawo ndi kocheperako nthawi 15,000 kuposa njere ya tirigu. Kuphatikiza apo, iwo, mosiyana ndi mbewu zina za mbewu zambiri, zomwe zimakhala ndi michere kapena endosperm, zimakhala ndi zocheperako m'mimba.

Kodi njere zosavutikazo zimapezeka bwanji m'chilengedwe ndipo zimathandiza kuti maluwawa azitha kuberekana? Mfundo ndi nambala yawo. Maluwa amodzi a orchid amatha kupanga mbewu kuchokera 3 mpaka 5 miliyoni ndipo chifukwa cha kuchepa kwake ndi kukula kwake, amatengeka mosavuta ndi mphepo, ndikukhazikika pamakungwa amitengo. Komabe, si onse omwe adzakonzedwe kukhala maluwa achikulire, ndi ochepa okha omwe adakhazikika pamtengowo. Uku ndikusankha kwankhanza.

Kumene angagule, ndi ndalama zingati?

Mutha kuyitanitsa mbewu za orchid pamasamba otchuka achi China pa intaneti m'magawo "Kunyumba ndi Munda", "Za munda ndi ndiwo zamasamba", "Mbewu" ndi zina zotero. Mtengo wa paketi ya mbewu ndi pafupifupi ma ruble 35 aku Russia.

Momwe mungayang'anire kugula kuti zikhale zowona?

Mukalandira nthanga, tsegulirani phukusi ndikuwerenga zomwe mwaphunzitsazo musanabzale kosinthana moyenera kunyumba. Kumbukirani, mbewu zenizeni ziyenera:

• khalani ochepa kwambiri, ofanana ndi fumbi (kukula kwawo kumayambira 0,35 mpaka 3.30 mm m'litali ndi 0.08 mpaka 0.30 mm m'lifupi);
• zonona, beige kapena bulauni wonyezimira;
• ali ndi mawonekedwe opapatiza otambalala.

CHOFUNIKA! Ngati, mutamasula mbewu zomwe zapezeka ku China, mupeza mbewu zofananira ndi buckwheat kapena mawonekedwe aliwonse, kukula, mtundu, kupatula zomwe tafotokozazi, tsoka, mudagulitsidwa zabodza ndipo orchid sichidzatulukamo.

Komanso, mukayang'ana kudzera pa maikulosikopu kapena galasi lokulitsa lamphamvu kwambiri, mutha kuwona kuti izi ndi mbewu zomwe zimafanana ndi tirigu wamakulidwe komanso kukula kwake, koma zocheperako kangapo.

Nthawi zambiri, ogula omwe amatanganidwa ndi lingaliro lakumera maluwa kuchokera ku mbewu amagula akawerenga ndemanga zaukatswiri kuchokera kwa ogula ena ndikuwona kugulitsa kwakukulu. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, chisangalalo ichi chimalumikizidwa ndi kuthamanga kwakanthawi kapena mtundu wazinthu zomwe zanyamula. Ndizosowa kwambiri kuti ogula amadzipaka chithunzi cha zomwe zakula kuchokera ku mbewu, ndipo makamaka, maluwa omalizidwa, chifukwa, monga mukudziwa, zimatenga zaka kuti zikule.

Ena okonda maluwa amayembekeza chiyembekezo chakuti mbewu zomwe zimatuluka ndi kapisozi wambewu, tsegulani, ndipo, nthawi zambiri, simapeza mbewu zing'onozing'ono mmenemo. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti Mbeu ya orchid ndi yopapatiza komanso yayitali pafupifupi 3 cm, yobiriwira... Mwachilengedwe, imadziwulula yokha munthawi yomweyo pamene mbewu zakula ndipo zakonzeka kubzala. Chifukwa chake, simungayembekezere kutenga pod yotsekedwa.

Malangizo ndi ndondomeko ya momwe mungadzalire

Popeza mbewu za orchid ndizopanda tanthauzo, mukamabzala zokha, ndikofunikira kukonzekera zida, sing'anga, kubzala ndikusamalira mbande. Ngakhale zili bwino, ndi mbeu zochepa chabe zomwe zimatha kukhala duwa lenileni. Chifukwa chake, kunyalanyaza chimodzi mwazinthuzi, mumakhala pachiwopsezo chosakula mbewu imodzi konse.

Inventory ndi yolera yotseketsa

Podzala, m'pofunika kukonzekera machubu a labotale a 15 cm kutalika ndi 1.5 cm mulifupi, chikombole, zopindika za thonje zopangira mayeso. Ngati mulibe machubu oyeserera, kapena mukukula kapena okwera mtengo kuti mugule, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito magalasi a chakudya cha ana okhala ndi zisoti zomata. Kumbukirani kuti njira yonse yobzala njere iyenera kuchitika pafupifupi m'malo opangira labotale, chifukwa chake, machubu oyeserera kapena mitsuko yokhala ndi zivindikiro ziyenera kutenthedwa mu autoclave, pressure cooker kapena sterilizer wazamankhwala pa madigiri 120 kwa mphindi 30.

Kukonzekera kwachikhalidwe

Podzala, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito sing'anga yogulira michere kapena yomwe mwapanga nokha. Tiyeni tikhale pa njira yachiwiri mwatsatanetsatane. Mutha kukonzekera sing'anga michere motere:

1. Timaphika 0,5 malita a madzi otchezedwa.
2. Onjezani 10 g wa fructose.
3. 10 g shuga.
4. 8 g agar agar. Kuphika pa moto wochepa, oyambitsa nthawi zonse, mpaka agar-agar atasungunuka kwathunthu.
5. Timatenthetsa madzi okwanira 0,5 malita m'mbale ina.
6. Mukangotentha, chotsani, onjezerani madontho asanu a phytostimulant, 1.5 g wa feteleza wa nayitrogeni-phosphorus-potaziyamu, 1 g wa mpweya wotsegulidwa.
7. Sakanizani bwino, phatikizani mayankho onse awiri.
8. Timabweretsa acidity pamtengo wofunidwa.
9. Kuti muchepetse pH, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la potashi, kuti muwonjezere - orthophosphoric acid. Mbeu za Orchid zimafunikira acidity pamtundu wa 4.8-5.2 pH.
10. Timatsanulira 30 mg wa michere yotentha m'mabotolo osawilitsidwa.
11. Timatseka mabotolo ndi zotsekera ndikuwotcha chikhalidwe chathu kwa theka la ora.
12. Timawona mabotolo okhala ndi sing'anga kwa masiku 4-5. Ngati nkhungu yawonekera mwa iwo panthawiyi, sioyenera kubzala mbewu.

Onerani kanema wamomwe mungakonzekerere sing'anga yomwe ikukula.

Kufesa

CHENJEZO! Njerezi zimafunikanso kutenthedwa. Kuti muchite izi, konzani yankho la 10 la bulitchi, kugwedeza, kusefa, ikani mbewu pamenepo kwa mphindi 10 ndikubzala nthawi yomweyo.

Pofesa, chida chimagwiritsidwa ntchito chomwe chimatenthetsanso mbewu.
Kufesa kumachitika motere:

1. Ikani kabati pachidebe ndi madzi, pamenepo - gawo lapansi mu botolo.
2. Pambuyo pa njira yolera yotseketsa, tulutsani nyembazo ndi pipette ndikuziyika pamwamba pa gawo lapansi.
3. Kenaka, tsekani mabotolo kapena mitsuko ndi swabs kapena zivindikiro za thonje, valani kumera.
4. Kutentha kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse: ziyenera kukhala madigiri 18-23 Celsius, nthawi yamasana - pafupifupi maola 12-14.

Chithunzi

Kenako, mutha kuwona chithunzi cha momwe mbewuzo zimawonekera komanso zomwe zakula kuchokera ku izi:






Chisamaliro

Pakatha milungu ingapo kapena miyezi ingapo, zosintha zimayamba kuchitika ndi mbewu. Mipira yobiriwira imawonekera, kenako masamba oyamba. Pambuyo pa masamba awiri kapena atatu, mizu imayamba kuwonekera. Pakatha chaka chimodzi, mbande zimatha kuikidwa mumphika. Gawo la moss, mizu ya fern ndi makungwa a paini ndioyenera kudzaza mphikawo.

Nthaka iyenera kukhala yaying'ono momwe ingathere. Zipatsozo zimachotsedwa mu botolo ndi ma forceps mosamala momwe zingathere, zimatsukidwa m'madzi ndikuziika mu gawo lapansi, lomwe limatsanulidwiratu ndi madzi otentha kwa mphindi 30. Zomera zimafunika kuyatsa komanso kutentha kwambiri nthawi zonse.

Mavuto ndi zovuta

Mavuto pakukula kwamaluwa kuchokera kubzala amatha kudikirira nthawi iliyonse. Komabe, ambiri chifukwa chakumera kotsika ndi mbewu zotsika kwambiri, zolakwika zazing'ono zosabala, osasunga kutentha ndi chinyezi. Zotsatira zake, kufa kwa mbewu kapena mbande komanso kusapezeka kwa maluwa ngati maluwa okongola. Kuyambira izi, ndikofunikira kusanthula momwe zinthu zilili, kupezeka kwa nthawi ndi ndalama, komanso kuleza mtima kwambiri kuti musakhumudwitsidwe ndi zovuta.

Mapeto

Zovuta zambiri zimayembekezera iwo omwe asankha kudzipangira okha kubzala ma orchid kuchokera ku mbewu zaku China. Kuyambira pazambiri zabodza zomwe zidagulitsidwa ndi amalonda ochokera ku Middle Kingdom, kutha ndi nthawi yovuta kwambiri pakufika kwawo ndikukula. Komabe, ngati muli ndi chikhumbo chachikulu, ndibwino kuyesa!

Onerani kanemayo: Koyon Sinanci A Saukake (September 2024).