Chomera chodziwika bwino ndi ferocactus. Kufotokozera za mitundu yake ndi zithunzi zake, malamulo osamalira
Ferocactus adapeza dzina kuchokera ku Latin "ferus". Liwu lomasuliridwa mu Chirasha limatanthauza "zovuta", "zakutchire". Ferocactus ndi wa banja losatha la nkhadze.
Pakati pa maluwa osiyanasiyana amkati, ma ferocactus ndi otchuka kwambiri.
Zomera izi sizikusowa chisamaliro chapadera. Amayimira mawonekedwe achilendo komanso maluwa okongola. M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane mtundu uliwonse wa ferocactus.
Mitundu yotchuka ndi mitundu ya ferocactus, zithunzi zawo
Chomerachi chozunguliridwa mchipululu chimakonda kutentha. (werengani za cacti zokulira m'zipululu pano). Imalekerera nyengo yotentha komanso youma bwino. Sizimakhudzidwa mwanjira iliyonse ndi kusowa kwa madzi kwanthawi yayitali. Zosiyanitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazomera ndi nthiti:
- Molunjika;
- wandiweyani;
- kudula kwambiri.
Mitengo ya Ferocactus ndi yayitali, yamphamvu komanso yonyezimira. Pali mitanda yoboola pakati, komanso yozungulira kapena yosalala kuchokera pansi. Chinanso ndi kupezeka kwa mabwalo akulu komanso osalala, omwe, mosiyana ndi ma cacti ena, samaphatikiza pamwamba kukhala chipewa chofewa (phunzirani za fluffy cacti munkhaniyi). Kunyumba, mutha kukula mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ferocactus.
Emoryi
Chomerachi chimakhala ndi tsinde lakuda lobiriwira. Popita nthawi, amatambasula, mpaka kufika kutalika kwa mita 2. Nthiti zake zowongoka pakupuma zimachepetsedwa. Pali 22 mpaka 30 mwa iwo. Mitunduyi imakhala yolimba komanso yayitali, yopindika pang'ono. Amatha kukhala ofiira, pinki kapena oyera. Chomeracho chimamasula ndi maluwa achikaso achikasu omwe amawonekera pa korona wa tsinde. Maluwawo ndi awiri masentimita 4-6. Pambuyo pake, zipatso za ovoid zachikasu zazitali mpaka masentimita 3-5.
Latispinus
Malingaliro awa ndi amodzi mwabwino kwambiri. Tsinde lake lobiriwira labuluu, lomwe lili ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, limakula m'mimba mwake mpaka masentimita 35 mpaka 40. Maluwa akulu apinki amawoneka ngati mabelu (mutha kuphunzira zambiri za cacti wapinki pano). Kwa mawonekedwe aminga, Latispinus amatchedwa lilime la mdierekezi. Masingano ake akulu amakula mpaka 2 cm, atadzipaka utoto wonyezimira.
Kuthamanga (Glaucescens)
Ferocactus Glaucescens ali ndi thunthu:
- wobiriwira wabuluu;
- chachikulu;
- velvety.
Adakali wamng'ono, ndi ozungulira, koma pakapita nthawi amakhala cylindrical. Nthawi zonse amakhala ndi nthiti 13, ndizolimba komanso zazitali. Maoleti ndi oyera mtima; ali ndi mitsempha 6 mpaka 8 yozungulira, yomwe imafalikira pang'ono (kodi pali cacti yopanda mitsempha?). Palinso chimodzi chapakati champhamvu. Zonsezi ndizachikasu, mpaka masentimita 2-3 m'litali. Maluwa a buluu wachikasu Ferocactus, pamakhala pamakhala patali. Amawoneka pachomera chakale kuchokera pachisoti chake chaubweya.
Zowonjezera
Nungu wachinyamata dzina lake Ferocactus Hystrix amakhala ndi mapesi ozungulira, pomwe wakalewo amakhala woboola mbiya. Mitundu iyi ya ferocactus imakhala ndimitundu yosiyanasiyana. Amasiyana pamitundu yaminga. Ambiri a Hystrix ferocactuses sakonda dzuwa lamphamvu masana mchaka ndi chilimwe.
Chomera chamtunduwu chimasiyanitsidwa ndi chidwi chake chakuwona mizu yowola, chifukwa chake, imamera kumtengowo.
Tsinde lake lozungulira ndilobiriwira ndi mtundu wabuluu ndipo limakhala ndi khungu loyera. Chomeracho chimakula mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 50-70. Ili ndi nthiti zowongoka, zazitali komanso zokulirapo, zokutidwa ndi mabwalo amphwayi, singano zoonda zachikasu kapena zoyera. Pakatikati pali zidutswa 2-3 za masentimita 6 achikaso ofiira. Minyewa imakula masentimita 2-3 kutalika.
Maluwa omwe ali ndi chubu amakhala ooneka ngati beluyomwe ili pamwamba pa tsinde. Kuyang'ana pa iwo, wina amakhala ndi chithunzi chakuti agona pamtsamiro wa tulo. Zipatso zachikasu, mpaka 2 cm kutalika, zodya, zamkati zawo zimakhala ndi mbewu zakuda.
Tsitsi (Stainesii)
Mtundu wa ferocactus umakhala woyamba kuzungulira, kenako mawonekedwe ozungulira, openthedwa ndi utoto wobiriwira. Nthitizi ndizokwera kwambiri, mitsempha yazitali imatha kutalika kwa masentimita 2. Mitsempha yapakati pa 4 cm nthawi zambiri imakhala yofanana ndi mbedza komanso mosabisa. Onsewo ali ndi lalanje kapena utoto wofiyira. Mabwalo a Ferocactus Stainesii pubescent. Zomera zokhwima zimamasula ndi maluwa a lalanje kapena achikaso ooneka ngati belu.
Wislizeni
Ferocactus Vislisena amadziwika bwino kwambiri. Thunthu lake limatha kutalika mpaka mamita 2. Lili ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira kapena amisozi. Pali nthiti zazikulu zotsitsimula pa tsinde, zitha kukhala 25. Ma Areole ndi ochepa, amakhala ndi mitanda ya bulauni. Aliyense ali ndi singano zowongoka komanso zopyapyala, komanso singano imodzi yolimba yopindika. Chomeracho chimamasula ndi maluwa ofiira kapena achikaso, m'mimba mwake ndi 5 cm (werengani za cacti wokhala ndi maluwa ofiira pano). Ali ndi chubu chowoneka ngati nkhata pakati. Atatha, zipatso zobiriwira za 3-5 masentimita zimawoneka.
Horridus
Horridus ili ndi tsinde lobiriwira lakuda lomwe lili lachikaso m'munsi. Ili ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira kapena ozungulira. Mitundu ya ferocactus imatha kukula mpaka 1 mita kutalika ndi 30 cm mulifupi. Ili ndi nthiti zonyansa zomwe zimaphimba minga yayifupi komanso yochepa. Singano zoyera zowongoka zimapezeka mosalala, ndipo pakati pali zotupa zokulirapo kapena zofiira zazitali.
Ford (Fordii)
Mitundu ya Ferocactus Ford ili ndi tsinde lozungulira komanso nthiti 20. Pali mitundu khumi ndi iwiri yowala, yotuwa, pakati pake ndi imvi ndi yoboola pakati. Maluwa a mitundu iyi ndi ofiirira.
Wamphamvu (Robustus)
Ferocactus potent ndiye mbewu yolimidwa kwambiri. Kutalika kwake ndi 1 mita, m'mimba mwake ndi mamita 5. Tsinde lamtundu wobiriwira wakuda lili ndi nthiti zisanu ndi zitatu, ndi minga:
- bulauni bulauni;
- utali wosiyanasiyana;
- lathyathyathya mawonekedwe.
Maluwa ang'onoang'ono ndi achikasu owala.
Rectispinus
Mawonekedwe a tsinde la rectilinear ferocactus ndizoyambira. Ikhoza kukula mpaka 1 mita kutalika, ndi 30cm masentimita. Kupezeka kwa mitsempha yayitali kwambiri pamitundu iyi kwapangitsa kuti ferocactus ikhale yotchuka pakuswana kunyumba. Masinganowo amafika mpaka masentimita 20-25, m'litali mwake amakhala achikasu achikasu, ndipo nsonga zake ndi zapinki. Amamasula ndi maluwa achikasu.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudzidziwe bwino mitundu ina ya cacti, monga Astrophytum, Gymnocalycium, Mammillaria, Opuntia, Pereskia, Ripsalidopsis, Ripsalis, Hatiora, Cereus, Epiphyllum.
Malamulo osamalira chomera
Ferocactus adzamva bwino pamawindo, omwe amawunikira dzuwa tsiku lonse. Nthawi yachilimwe, imatha kupita ndi mpweya wabwino, poteteza pakagwa mvula. M'nyengo yozizira, chipinda chowala ndichabwino, pomwe kutentha kumakhala kuphatikiza madigiri 8-10. Ndikuchepa kwakuthwa, ming'alu ndi zotupa zofiirira zimawoneka pa tsinde.
M'miyezi yozizira imathiriridwa kawirikawiri ndipo nthawi zonse ndimadzi ofunda. Kuyambira kasupe mpaka Okutobala, chomeracho chiyenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse. Koma simungalole kuti madzi ayime. Pakutentha, amalangizidwa kupopera mbewu ndi madzi ofunda, izi zimachitika m'mawa ndi madzulo. Chakumapeto kwa masika mpaka pakati pa chilimwe, muyenera kuyidyetsa ndi feteleza wapadera.
Zofunika! Munthu wamkulu wa ferocactus amaikidwa kamodzi zaka 2-4 kumapeto kwa nyengo, ndipo ferocactus wachinyamata amaikidwa chaka chilichonse. Chomera ichi, pakukula kwake, madzi otsekemera amatulutsidwa paminga. Ikamauma, timibulu timapangidwa, tomwe timayenera kutsukidwa bwino pogwiritsa ntchito burashi yothira mowa, kapena kuchotsedwa.
Kunyumba, Ferocactus ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Nyama zimadya zamkati mwake. Mitundu yambiri ndi zinthu zopangira maswiti ndi zonunkhira. Olima maluwa amakonda ferocactus chifukwa cha zokongoletsa zawo.