Kodi mukufuna kudzala maluwa okwera? Werengani m'nkhaniyi yokhudza mitundu, maluwa, kuberekana, chisamaliro ndi matenda azomera

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Maluwa! Maluwa awa sasiya aliyense osayanjanitsika. Ngati mukufuna kuwasilira osati patchuthi chokha, koma nthawi yonse yotentha, mutha kuwabzala m'munda mwanu.

M'nkhaniyi, tiona m'maganizo mwathu chithunzi chomwe duwa lopindika limawoneka, komanso kuphunzira momwe tingasamalire bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, tiphunzira momwe tingafalitsire ndi kuzula duwa ili. Komanso momwe mungadzitetezere ku tizirombo ndi matenda.

Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane

Mwa mitundu yambiri yamaluwa, maluwa opotana amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri:

Mitengo yambiri - akuwonetsedwa pofikira mpaka masamba 20 nthawi imodzi. Ali ndi fungo lokomoka, kukula kwa mphukira mpaka masentimita 3. Mphukira zoterera zimakhala zazitali komanso zosinthika, zimatha kupindika kapena kuyenda Ali ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono, masamba amakhala awiri, theka-awiri kapena osavuta. Maluwawo amayikidwa kutalika kwake konse kwa tsinde ndikuphuka pafupifupi milungu inayi m'chigawo choyamba cha chilimwe.
Zitsamba zazikulu - akufotokozedwa ndi kuphuka kwa maluwa. Kukula kwa Bud mpaka 11 cm, kumakhala ndi fungo labwino. Kutalika kwa tsinde ndi masentimita 400. Ali ndi maluwa ochuluka kawiri pa nyengo. Mtundu wa duwawu ndi wolimba kwambiri ndipo umakonda kudwala ndi powdery mildew.

Mbiri yoyambira

Palibe chidziwitso chenicheni chomwe duwa loyamba lidapezeka. Akatswiri ena amati idayamba kupezeka ku China kenako ndikubweretsa ku Europe. Ena amakhulupirira kuti maluwa amenewa amapezeka ku Middle East. Ngakhale m'nthawi zakale, maluwa anali kudzionetsera. Maluwawa ndi otchuka kwambiri, ndipo tsopano mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu yawo yasinthidwa. Chimodzi mwazotchuka kwambiri ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakupanga mawonekedwe akukwera maluwa.

Kodi kukwera kwamitundumitundu kumasiyana bwanji ndi komwe kumakhota?

Ganizirani za kusiyana pakati pa duwa lokwera ndi lomwe limatchedwa lopotana. Kutalika kwa tsinde, maluwa amtunduwu amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri:

Lopotana. Kutalika kwawo ndi pafupifupi 5-15m. Mitengo yopyapyala ndiyosavuta kupindika ndipo siyimasweka. Singano ndizochepa ndipo sizowola pang'ono.
Kukwera. Kutalika kwawo ndi pafupifupi 3 - 3m. Mitunduyi ili ndi mizu yamphamvu komanso zimayambira, ndizosatheka kuzipanga, apo ayi zitha kusweka. Minga ndi yamphamvu komanso yakuthwa ndipo imatha kupweteka mosavuta. Mutha kuwerenga za mitundu yonse ya maluwa okwera pano.

Onani mitundu ndi zithunzi

Komanso, mutha kudzidziwitsa nokha ndi mitundu ya maluwa okwera ndikuwawona pachithunzicho.

Chaplin Pinks (Pink Chaplin)

Rosi lopotana lili ndi fungo lokomoka, mtundu wakuda wa pinki. Amafika kutalika kwa masentimita 500, kukula kwa mphukira kumachokera pa masentimita 7 mpaka 8, maluwawo amakhala awiri. Kulimbana ndi matenda monga powdery mildew ndi malo akuda.

Kukula nthawi yonse yotentha

Super Excelsa

Maluwa ofiira mpaka masentimita 4. Amakonda mthunzi, ndiwodzichepetsa, amalekerera kutentha kosiyanasiyana ndipo amalimbana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo.

Super Dorothy

Super Dorothy ndi nyengo yolimba-yozizira yomwe imamasula chilimwe chonse ndipo imamasula kwambiri. Maluwa ofiira amapezeka kumapeto kwa masika koma amatha mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira.

Pachimake

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa okwera amamasula mosiyanasiyana, koma nthawi yayitali imachitika koyambirira kwa chilimwe. Koma mitundu ina imafalikira mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Zofunikira zazikulu posamalira maluwa ndi kupalira, kuthirira ndi kudyetsa.

Chifukwa chachikulu chosowa maluwa kungakhale kusankha kosayenera kwa mbande, choncho ndi bwino kuzigula kwa wogulitsa wodalirika. Rose samaphuka panthaka yolimba, yolemera. Musanadzalemo, muyenera kukumba pansi mozama ndikudzaza ndi zinthu zofunikira: humus kapena manyowa. Kudula zimakupiza kuyeneranso kuchitidwa.

Zofunika! Chomeracho chiyenera kuthiridwa ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous, ndikukulungidwa mufilimu yayikulu m'nyengo yozizira.

Gawo lirilonse malangizo akukula ndi chisamaliro

Kusankha malo obwera.
Ndibwino kusankha malo owala dzuwa. Muyeneranso kukumbukira kuti m'nyengo yozizira kudzakhala koyenera kuyala ndikuphimba chomeracho; chifukwa cha ichi, malo ayenera kukonzekera.
Kodi nthaka iyenera kukhala yotani.
Maluwa okwera amafunika nthaka yotayirira komanso yachonde, yokhala ndi michere yambiri.
Kufika.
Phando lodzala liyenera kukhala pafupifupi 50 * 50 kukula, ndipo mtunda wapakati pazomera uyenera kukhala mita 2.5. Kenako dzenjelo limakutidwa ndi nthaka ndikuthira. Chotsatira chimadza kuthirira ndi kuphika, osachepera 20 cm.
Kutentha.
Kutentha koyenera kwambiri kwa mbeu ndi madigiri 20-25. Kutentha kumasiyana kutengera maluwa osiyanasiyana.
Kuthirira.
Kuthirira mbewu kumafunika masiku aliwonse 10-12, ndikuchuluka kwa ndowa pafupifupi 1-2 pachomera chilichonse. Pa nyengo yokula, chomeracho chimafuna madzi ambiri. Popanda, kukula ndi maluwa kumachepetsa.
Zovala zapamwamba.
Iyenera kudyetsedwa masiku aliwonse 10-20. Ngati manyowa adagwiritsidwa ntchito pakubzala, ndiye kuti nthawi ina mudzayenera kuthira feteleza chaka chamawa.
Kudulira.
Mukameta mitengo m'nyengo yamasika kapena yotentha, chotsani zimayambira zakale monga momwe zilili m'munsi mwa chomeracho. Komabe, mitundu yomwe imamasula nyengo yonse imafuna kudulira pambuyo pa zaka zitatu.
Momwe mungamangirire chomera.
Mukamangilidwa mopingasa, mphukira zimakula mosiyanasiyana, masamba adzatseguka kumapeto kwawo. Ngati ofukula, ofananira nawo amasiya kukula patapita kanthawi ndipo masambawo amangowonekera kumapeto kwa mphukira yayikulu. Roses amathanso kutambasulidwa ndikukulungidwa pamtengo kapena mzati mozungulira.
Tumizani.
Nthawi yabwino yobzala ndi nthawi yophukira.
1. Kuthira, muyenera kuchoka pachomera 50-60 cm.
2. Kukumba mosamala kwambiri, mozama momwe mungathere.
3. Pambuyo pochotsa, iyenera kuikidwa nthawi yomweyo kumalo atsopano.
4. Kenako pompani ndikutsanulira kwambiri ndi madzi.
Kukonzekera nyengo yozizira.
Kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu kumayamba kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Kodi kukonzekera nyengo yozizira kumapita bwanji ndipo ndikofunikira kudula duwa nthawi yomweyo?
1. Muyenera kuchepetsa kuthirira mpaka kumapeto, siyani kumasula nthaka ndikusintha kapangidwe ka zovala zapamwamba.
2. Gawo lotsatira ndikudulira nthawi yozizira ndikuchotsa pazithandizira koyambirira kwa nthawi yophukira.
3. Zochita zina ndi pogona. Ndi bwino kuchita izi kutentha kwa -5 mpaka -7 madigiri, kuti chomeracho chikonzekere nyengo yozizira ndikulowa m'malo ogona.

Malangizo ndi gawo ndi gawo: momwe mungafalitsire?

Njira imodzi yofalitsa maluwa okwera ndi kudula. Pali njira zingapo zokhazikitsira mbewu: dothi, madzi, thumba ndi mbatata.

Kukonzekera kudula.
Zofunika! Simuyenera kusankha kamwana kakang'ono ngati kocheka, chifukwa kuzika mizu kumatenga nthawi yayitali. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino, gwiritsani ntchito mphukira pakatha masiku 10 maluwa.
Chisankho chabwino kwambiri ndi kukhala ndi mphukira yokhala ndi masamba atatu okonzeka kukula. Kutalika pafupifupi 7 mm, kutalika pafupifupi 20. masentimita 20. Mbali yolowera iyenera kudulidwa pakona pa madigiri 45, mbali yakumtunda yolunjika.
Mizu m'nthaka.
1. Mukakonzekera kudula, mutha kubzala nthawi yomweyo. Mchenga wolimba uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popewa kuwola.
2. Mutabzala cuttings, kuthirira nthaka mochuluka.
3. Phimbani ndi botolo lagalasi.
4. Ponyani nsalu yonyezimira. Popeza dzuwa, mphukira zimatha kuwotchedwa.
Kutentha kwabwino kwambiri ndi madigiri 23 mpaka 25 kuposa zero. Nthawi ndi nthawi muyenera kukweza botolo kuti liziuluka, ndipo pakapita kanthawi lichotseni.
Kuyika mizu m'madzi.
Kuti tikule duwa labwino, timadula timabzala m'madzi owiritsa, ndikusintha masiku awiri aliwonse. Ndi bwino kusunga mtsogolo pazenera, koma mumthunzi kuti dzuwa lisagunde chomeracho. Mizu iyenera kuwonekera pafupifupi mwezi umodzi.
Kuyika mizu mu phukusi.
1. Mwa njirayi, muyenera kubzala kudula m'nthaka ndikutsanulira ndi madzi otentha owiritsa.
2. Kenako, kukulunga mphikawo m'thumba la pulasitiki ndikuyiyika pazenera.
Chifukwa chake zimakhala mtundu wowonjezera kutentha. Chomeracho chimakula ndi mizu patatha masiku pafupifupi 30, pambuyo pake mutha kubzala pamalo okhalitsa.
Kuyika mu mbatata.
Imanenedwa kuti ndiyo njira yosavuta yofalitsira maluwa, momwe maluwawo amatha kukhazikika.
1. Mwa njirayi, muyenera kukonzekera mbatata - chotsani "maso" onse kuti masamba asamere.
2. Pangani dzenje la masentimita 2-3.
3. Phesi, nayenso, liyenera kusungidwa mu yankho ndi cholimbikitsa chozimitsa.
4. Ikani mphukira kumapeto kwa mbatata ndikubzala m'nthaka pafupifupi 2/3 yakuya kwa cuttings.
5. Kenako muyenera kukonza wowonjezera kutentha pogwiritsa ntchito botolo la pulasitiki, nthawi ndi nthawi mumayendetsa chomera.
Mizu iyenera kuwonekera pafupifupi mwezi umodzi.

Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

Zofunika! Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana a matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, musamamwe maluwa nthawi ya maluwa!

Pali mitundu ingapo ya matenda ndi tizirombo:

Mdima wakuda.
Amawonetsedwa m'malo ozungulira pamasamba a bulauni yakuda kapena mtundu wakuda. Mukapeza vuto, muyenera kutentha masamba omwe agwa nthawi yomweyo. Dyetsani mbewu ndi feteleza ndi madzi muzu wokha.
Powdery mildew.
Ikuwoneka yoyera, ngati ufa, pachimake: poyamba m'malo ang'onoang'ono, ndiye zimakhudza chomera chonse. Pofuna kuchiza chomeracho, muyenera kudula madera onse omwe akhudzidwa ndikuwotcha limodzi ndi masamba omwe agwa. Kuti mupeze yankho, muyenera 200 g ya sulphate yamkuwa, 300 g wa sulphate wachitsulo pa malita 10. madzi. Dutsani chisakanizo chomwe chimayambitsa masamba omwe sanagonebe - mchaka.
Kuvunda imvi.
Uku ndikuwola mphukira zazing'ono, masamba, masamba ndi zimayambira. Pakati pa nyengo yamvula, mbali zamatenda zamaluwa zimapanga spores imvi. Pachiyambi cha matenda, mutha kupopera ndi yankho la madzi, Bordeaux madzi ndi oxychloride yamkuwa.
Khansa ya bakiteriya.
Kukula kosakondana kumayambira paziphuphu ndi mizu. Zikapsa, zimauma, ndipo pakapita kanthawi zimaola. Pofuna kuwateteza ku matenda, maluwa okhudzidwa ayenera kudulidwa ndikuwonongeka.
Dzimbiri.
Iwonetseredwa ndikukula kwamunsi kwa mphukira yaying'ono ndikuwonekera kwa ming'alu. Spores wachikaso amawonekera kuchokera kwa iwo. Chithandizo cha matendawa ndikuteteza kwa ming'alu ndi mkuwa sulphate, komanso kudula kwa mbewu zomwe zili ndi kachilombo.
Thrips.
Awa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tofiirira kapena tofiirira, timadya timadzi ndi timasamba ta masamba achinyamata. Kuti muwononge tizirombo, mukufunika yankho la madzi, fufanon, karbofos, intavir ndi mapiritsi amoto. Koma mutha kuwapopera kamodzi kapena pambuyo maluwa.
Rose sawfly.
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timayikira mazira mchaka pansi pa khungu la mphukira. Mphutsi zimakhala mkati mwa tsinde, zimadyetsa. Njira yothetsera iwo ndi njira yofananira ndi thrips.
Kangaude.
Tizilombo timeneti timakhala pansi pa masamba. Amadyetsa maluwa ndi kuwomba ukonde, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chomera chikhale chosalala. Pothamangitsa tizirombo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito infusions wa fodya, chowawa kapena yarrow.
Rose cicada.
Tizirombo tating'onoting'ono tobiriwira timadyetsa tsambalo, zomwe zimapatsa chomeracho mtundu wambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osakaniza omwewo monga ma thrips.
Nsabwe zobiriwira zobiriwira.
Tizilombo timeneti timaswana kwambiri. Amadyetsa masamba a masamba, masamba ndi mphukira zazing'ono, zomwe zimabweretsa chiwonongeko cha chomeracho. Pothana ndi tizirombo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito yankho lofananira ndi ma thrips, kapena kupanga mankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito sopo wochapira ndi madzi.
Rose tsamba mpukutu.
Mphutsi zimakhala zobiriwira zobiriwira ndipo zimadya masamba okha. Ngati kuwonongeka sikokulira, mutha kungochotsa masamba omwe ali ndi tizirombo. Komabe, ndi yolimba, ndiyofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwewo monga ma thrips, choyambirira, kukonza masamba okha.

Pali mitundu ingapo yamitundu yakukwera maluwa. Amasiyana pamapangidwe a maluwa ndi masamba. Ndipo mutha kuyankhula zambiri komanso kwa nthawi yayitali za mitundu ya zokongolazi. Patsamba lathu mutha kuwerenga za mitundu yabwino kwambiri, mwachitsanzo: Indigoletta wachilendo, Casino yodzichepetsa, chic New Down, Lavinia ndi Rosarium Uthersen, Polka wofatsa, Santana wowala, komanso Amadeus, Elf ndi Iceberg.

Rosi lopotana ndi imodzi mwamitundu yokongola komanso yoyamika kwambiri yamtunduwu. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, imachita bwino kwambiri ndipo imakondweretsa diso nyengo iliyonse.

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