Vardzia - mzinda wakale wamapanga wa Georgia
Wokongola Vardzia, Georgia ... Nyumba yachifumu yapaderayi, yosemedwa pamwala, ili kumwera chakumadzulo kwa dzikolo m'chigwa cha Mtsinje wa Kura.
Mzinda wamphanga wa Vardzia sunapulumuke momwe ozilenga amafunira m'zaka za zana la XII, koma, mosakayikira, malowa ali ndi chithumwa chake chapadera. Ndipo, pozama mozama mwala uwu "chiswe", munthu sangadabwe ndi luso komanso kuleza mtima kwa omanga akale.
Mbiri ya Vardzia wodabwitsa
Vardzia (kapena Vardzia) ndi mzinda wamphanga womwe udasemedwa m'miyala yopepuka ya tuff. Amayi ake ndi Mount Erusheti. Mzindawu uli pamtunda wa mamita 1300 pamwamba pa nyanja. Ntchito yayikuluyi idayamba zaka mazana asanu ndi anayi zapitazo, mu ulamuliro wa Tsar George III, kenako wolowa m'malo mwake, Mfumukazi Tamara, wodziwika bwino mdziko lathu. Ntchito yotopetsa yotereyi idayamba osati mwakufuna chabe: mzindawo umayenera kukhala pothawirapo adani akaukira. Malo athanthwe omwe adaseweredwa m'manja mwa anthu aku Georgia: nyumbayo idakhala yosagonjetseka mdani. M'mapanga a Vardzia, anthu zikwi makumi awiri amatha kubisala.
Kuphatikiza pa zipinda zomwe zinali zotheka kukhalamo, omangawo adaperekanso zipinda zosungira, zosungira mabuku, matchalitchi, chipatala, ndi malo osungira vinyo. Mfumukaziyi idamanga Tchalitchi cha Assumption of the Holy Holy Theotokos. Komabe, kale m'zaka za zana la XIII (patadutsa pafupifupi zaka zana limodzi), chivomezi chinawononga gawo lina lamapiri okuta mzindawu, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo ma labyrinths amiyala a Vardzia akhala pamwamba pake. Kunakhala kosatheka kubisala apa.
Koma mavutowa sanathere pomwepo. Malo awa amakondedwa kwambiri ndi adani osiyanasiyana. Achifwamba amabwera kuno nthawi ndi nthawi, kuwukira anthu wamba. Pakati pa zaka za zana la 16, moto udabuka ku Vardzia, komwe kudapereka phunziro lamphamvu pazomangamanga. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, moto udali ndi kuphatikiza kwawo: mwaye, womwe udalimba kwambiri utoto ndi zifanizo, udawathandiza kuti asasinthe.
Mzinda wamapanga ku Georgia, Vardzia, tsopano ndi nyumba ya amonke yogwira ntchito. Masiku ano, Vardzia ili m'malire a Georgia, ndipo m'masiku akale anali chimake cha dzikolo, mitsempha yayikulu yonyamula anthu inali kuyenda kuno. Georgia italandidwa ndi Ottoman, moyo unayimira pamenepo. Amati anthu aku Turkey nawonso amawotcha amonke mkachisi momwemo. Patatha zaka mazana awiri okha, asitikali aku Russia adamasula mzindawo, ndipo nyumba ya amonkeyo idapumanso kwambiri.
Werengani komanso: Adjara - mawonekedwe a dera lokongola la Georgia.
Kodi Vardzia ali kuti ndipo abwera bwanji kuno?
Vardzia ndi mwana wamapiri. Zitenga nthawi yayitali kuti mufike kuno kuchokera kumizinda yayikulu yapafupi. Njira yabwino kwambiri yofikira apa ndi minibus yochokera mumzinda wakumwera wa Akhaltsikhe. Momwe mungafikire ku Akhaltsikhe, onani tsamba ili.
Kuchokera ku Akhaltsikhe kupita ku Vardzia, mabasi amachoka kanayi pa tsiku: woyamba nthawi ya 10:30, kenako nthawi ya 12:20, 16:00 ndipo womaliza nthawi ya 17:30. Ndikwabwino kutenga ndege yoyamba, komanso ndiyotchuka kwambiri - pali anthu ambiri omwe amafuna kukayendera nyumba zamamphanga zamphanga - chifukwa chake bwerani minibus pasadakhale ndikukhala pampando. Kuphatikiza apo, ndandanda ingasinthe, ndipo mabasi atha kuchedwa. Onani zonse patsamba lokwerera basi musanayende. Tikiti imagula 6-8 GEL, mudzakhala pafupifupi ola limodzi ndi theka mumsewu. Basi yomaliza yobwerera imanyamuka 15:00.
Yerekezerani mitengo ya malo ogwiritsira ntchito Fomu iyi
Vardzia - ungakafike bwanji wekha kuchokera ku Tbilisi?
Ndizovuta kwambiri kupita kumphanga kuchokera ku likulu la Georgia, chifukwa mtunda pakati pawo ndiwabwino, opitilira makilomita mazana awiri. Madalaivala amatekisi angakonde kukutengani, koma sizingakhale zosangalatsa zotsika mtengo, muyenera kupanga mphanda mpaka 350 GEL.
Palibe mayendedwe achindunji ochokera ku Tbilisi kupita ku Vardzia. Ndibwino kuti mufike kwa Akhaltsikhe omwe atchulidwawa ndikuchoka komwe mukupita pa minibus. Kuchokera likulu, mabasi amachoka kokwerera mabasi pa siteshoni ya metube ya Didube akamadzaza.
Palinso njira yochokera ku Rustavi kupita ku Vardzia. Njira yake imadutsa likulu la Georgia, koma simuyenera kumudalira makamaka, chifukwa woyendetsa amatembenukira ku Tbilisi pokhapokha ngati pali mipando yopanda anthu. Ndipo nthawi zambiri kulibe.
Zindikirani! Zomwe mungawone ku Tbilisi, onetsetsani kuti mwapeza patsamba lino, komanso malangizo omwe amalankhula Chirasha mumzinda, werengani ndemanga apa.
Momwe mungayendere kuchokera ku Borjomi kupita ku Vardzia?
Palibe ma minibasi achindunji (komanso, kokha kuchokera ku Akhaltsikhe), koma pali mseu wabwino. Mutha kuyendetsa bwino galimoto yobwereka. Choyamba - m'mphepete mwa Borjomi Gorge, pomwe kale nyumba zachifumu zazikulu zimafalikira pamapiri okongola, tsopano kwakukulu akhala akuwonongedwa. Kenako mawonekedwe amasintha, amakhala bwinja. Mapiri amaliseche a Georgia samazengereza kuwonetsa kukongola kwawo konse.
Mukafika ku Vardzia, mutha kupeza malo oimikapo magalimoto, komanso cafe yokhala ndi zakudya zaku Georgia. Mwa njira, ngati mukukonzekera maulendo madzulo, kumbukirani kuti minibasi yomaliza imachoka ku Vardzia nthawi ya 3 koloko masana. Muyenera kukwerera matola kumbuyo kapena kukwera taxi. Pali nyumba ya alendo pafupi. Omwe amatha kukhala popanda zovuta amaloledwa kuyika hema kumapazi.
Kumbukirani kuti nthawi yamabasi ndi mabasi ku Georgia amasintha pafupipafupi, chifukwa chake ndi bwino kuyang'aniratu pasiteshoni ya basi - pafoni kapena pomwepo.
Zolemba: Zomwe muyenera kuwona ndi kuchita ku Borjomi.
Zoyenera kuwona?
Mutapambana msewu wautali, mutha kuwona khomo lolowera ku nyumba ya amonke. Mukuya, maselo amonke ndi otseguka kwa alendo, osati onse, ochepa okha. Makonde opapatiza amphanga ovuta mphepo kuseri kwa tchalitchi. Mavesiwa ali m'magulu osiyanasiyana, ndipo pakati pa madontho pali masitepe oyambira amiyala. Tangoganizirani: pansi khumi ndi zitatu, zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndimadongosolo ovuta amipanda ndi makonde.
Tsopano kunyumba ya amonke ku Vardzia kuli azipembedzo sikisi, kampani yawo ndi mphaka. Maselowa amawoneka osasangalatsa, koma kupatula pamenepo palinso zipinda zokhala ndi mabenchi amiyala, ndi zipinda zosungiramo zokhala ndimipando yosiyanasiyana. Ma nsanja owonera okhala ndi mabenchi amapereka mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a mapiri: Mtsinje wa Kura wodekha, miyala ikuluikulu yopanda chidwi, linga la Tmogvi. Mukayang'anitsitsa, mutha kuwona malire a Georgia ndi Turkey. Mutha kupita kumadziwe okhala ndi madzi a sulfuric.
Ngale yayikulu ya Vardzia, zithunzi zimatsimikizira izi, yakhala kachisi wa Assumption ya Mariya Namwali Wodala. Ili mkatikati mwa thanthwe, mutha kuyendako kudzera m'makonde angapo. Guwa ndi makoma akachisi ndizokongoletsedwa ndi zojambula zakale. Mavesi onse mkati mwala amawunikiridwa. Pali kasupe potuluka, mutha kumwa ndikutunga madzi.
Ndandanda ndi mitengo
M'chilimwe, mipata yambiri imatsegulidwa kwa alendo. M'nyengo yozizira, madera ambiri amonke amatsekedwa - mwina chifukwa nthawi yozizira komanso kuzizira, kuwayendera kungakhale koopsa. Mwambiri, mzinda wakale wa Georgia umatsegulidwa chaka chonse: kuyambira 10 m'mawa mpaka 6 koloko nthawi yachilimwe komanso kuyambira 10 mpaka 17 nthawi yachisanu.
- Muyenera kulipira 15 lari pakiti yolowera. Magulu amapatsidwa kuchotsera, ngati anthu opitilira khumi asonkhana, aliyense azipereka ma lari awiri okha.
- Pali china choti muwone, motero kuyenda kumatenga maola atatu, kapena kupitilira apo.
- Palinso wowongolera patsamba, mutha kuyitanitsa ntchito zake pakhomo, zimawononga 45 GEL.
Mitengo patsamba ili ndi ya Marichi 2020.
Pezani Mitengo kapena sungani malo alionse ogwiritsira ntchito fomu iyi
Ndipo izi ndizosangalatsa!
Pali nthano yokhudza dzina la mzinda wozizwitsa wa Georgia. Ali mwana, Mfumukazi Tamara adadutsa m'mapanga ndi amalume ake ndipo adasochera pang'ono. Mtsikanayo adafuula kuti: "Ak var, dziya!", Omasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chijojiya amatanthauza "Ndabwera, amalume!" Mosazengereza, abambo ake adapereka dzina loyenera kumzinda wamapanga.
Pali nkhani ina yoseketsa yokhudzana ndi zinsinsi. Ntchito yomanga Vardzia itangoyamba kumene, ogwira ntchitowo adakumana ndi vuto lalikulu. Poyambirira adakonzekera kuyamba ntchito pa thanthwe lina, koma mwalawo unali wamakani. Mwina sanafune kugonja, ndiye - m'malo mwake - adagwa mosafunikira. Mwambiri, sizinayende bwino. Omangawo atatopa adasiya zida zonse kuphiri madzulo ndikugona.
M'mawa, atabweranso pathanthwe, panalibe zida zilizonse. Anawapeza pafupi ndi phiri lapafupi. Tsiku lotsatira, zonse zimabwerezedwa, kenako anthu amamvetsetsa - ichi ndi chizindikiro. Ntchitoyi idasamutsidwa ku thanthwe latsopano, lomwe tsopano limatchedwa Vardzia.
Vardzia, Georgia ndi malo abwino kwambiri. Mwina sizingakhale zokongola ngati magombe owala ndi mitengo ya kanjedza ya kokonati, koma imagawana nanu mbiri yake. Nthano yamoyo. Kukhala pano, simudzaiwala makonde osatha osatha, pomwe, zikuwoneka kuti, mzimu wa Tamara wokongola ukuyendabe ...
Malangizo Othandiza
- Pali akasupe amadzi akumwa m'dera la phanga, chifukwa chake musadandaule mukaiwala kutenga nawo.
- Ndikofunika kuvala moyenera kunyumba ya amonke: mapewa ndi mawondo ayenera kuphimbidwa.
- Valani nsapato zabwino ndipo onetsetsani kuti muvale chipewa - nthawi yotentha, gawo ili la Georgia limatha kukhala lotentha kwambiri.
- Ngati mukukonzekera kupita ku Vardzia pagalimoto, pitani ulendo woyamba, apo ayi, mungakhale pachiwopsezo chokhala opanda nthawi yowonera chilichonse kapena kuphonya basi yomaliza yopita ku Akhaltsikhe nthawi ya 15:00. Mutha kugona usiku umodzi mwa mahotela pafupi ndi mapanga.
Zambiri zofunika kuchokera kwa apaulendo kwa omwe akufuna kuwona Vardzia - mu kanemayu.