Chidule cha zovala zodaliramo zapakhonde, ndi ziti zomwe mungasankhe

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Khomo lolowera ndi gawo limodzi lofunikira m'chipindacho. Apa alendo amakumana ndikuwoneka. Pali mipando yochuluka yokonzera chipinda chino, ndipo pakati pa mitundu yonse, zovala zomangidwa munjiramo zimawerengedwa kuti ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri. Mipando iyi ithandizanso kubisa momasuka zovala zakunja, nsapato ndi zina zowonjezera. Koma koposa zonse, imatha kulowa mchipinda chokhala ndi malo aliwonse, osachepetsa malo omasuka.

Ubwino ndi zovuta

Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kolingalira ndi kapangidwe kake mkati, zovala zapakhonde zili ndi izi:

kapangidwe - kogwiritsa ntchito danga laulere, makabati amatha kulowa m'makonde ang'onoang'ono ku Khrushchev;
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana - opanga adaganizira zofuna za ogula. Mipando yomangidwa imapangidwa mosiyanasiyana ndi mapangidwe osiyanasiyana;
kutakata - mipando ndi masanjidwe osankhidwa mwaukadaulo zimakupatsani mwayi wobisa zida zapanyumba;
osawoneka - zovala zogwirira ntchito zilibe pansi, denga ndi makoma, chifukwa chake, mtundu wopangidwa molondola umapangitsa kuti usamveke;
chuma - kuphatikiza poti zovala zomangidwa mkati mwake zimayikidwa munjira, palibe chifukwa chogulira zida zowonjezera pamakoma ndi kudenga.

Ubwino wina wa mipando ndikuti imatha kuphimba zolakwika pamakoma, komanso mkati mwazida zotenthetsera, zomwe zimawononga mawonekedwe apanjira.

Malinga ndi kuwunika kwa ogula, zovala zomangidwa mkati mulibe zovuta zina. Mukamasankha zovala zopangira, muyenera kukumbukira kuti ndikukhazikitsa kosasintha. Chifukwa chake, sikungatheke kusuntha.

Mitundu

Pali malingaliro ambiri posankha zovala zokongoletsedwa. Chifukwa chake, kuti musankhe mawonekedwe kuti mulawe, poganizira mawonekedwe amchipindacho, muyenera kuzidziwa bwino. Kuti muwone zowonera, muyenera kumvetsera chithunzi cha zovala zokhazikitsidwa pakhonde. Mwa mitundu yonseyi, mitundu yotsatirayi ndiyofunika kuwunikira:

muyezo;
chipinda;
ndi zitseko zokondedwa;
okhota;
utali wozungulira.

Ndi zitseko zolumikizidwa

Zozungulira

Okhota

Chipinda

Izi ndizomwe zimapangidwira zomwe zingafanane ndi danga lililonse. Chovala chokhala ndi kuzama pang'ono chimamangidwa panjira yaying'ono. Koma posankha, m'pofunika kukumbukira kuti yaikidwa pamtunda.

Ichi ndiye mtundu wotchuka kwambiri panjira yaying'ono. Kapangidwe ka mipando yotere imapulumutsa malo chifukwa chotseka zitseko. Kuchuluka kwa kapangidwe kake ka kabati kumakupatsani mwayi wokonzekera zinthu zingapo momwemo. Makabati ang'onoang'ono amapangidwa ndi zitseko ziwiri, kuchuluka kwake kungakhale 5. Kutalika kwa mitunduyo kumasiyana pakati pa 1 mpaka 1.5 mita.

Makina a Venetian adapangidwa m'maiko otentha ndi nyengo yamvula. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake, zitseko zimatha kupititsa mpweya polowera mkati, osaloleza ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Chifukwa cha ichi, chinyezi chovala chonyowa sichimachulukana mkati mwa mipando, kuti chiteteze kusintha kwake ndikuchotsa zonunkhira zosasangalatsa.

Mtunduwu umakwanira bwino ndi Khrushchev. Ntchito yomanga pangodya imatenga malo ochepa. Koma popeza mipando iyi imakhala ndi zitseko zotsetsereka, posankha, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti panjira pakhoma makoma, pansi ndi kudenga ziyenera kukhala zofananira. Kupanda kutero, kuchokera pamakina opindika, zitseko sizidzatseguka bwino.

Kapangidwe kachilendo ka mtundu wotereyu kwatchuka kwambiri. Mtunduwu umalumikiza pansi ndi kudenga ndi mawonekedwe amtsogolo. Kabineti yotereyi itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa panjira iliyonse, mukakhala ndi malo ochepera.

Zida zopangira

Pogwiritsa ntchito makabati apanjira yotalikirapo, m'pofunika kuganizira momwe zinthuzo amapangira.

Chipboard

Zotchuka popanga mipando. Amakhala ndi tchipisi tofinyira tomwe timagwiritsa ntchito utomoni wa formaldehyde m'malo ochepa. Ubwino wazinthu zake ndi monga kupanga, mphamvu, mtengo wotsika komanso kusamalira zachilengedwe. Chipboard, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga makabati, chimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zimapangidwa m'maiko a EU, Russia ndi Eastern Europe. Popanga makabati abwino, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisankhe chipboard chopangidwa ndi Russia.

MDF

Awa ndi ma fiberboard, omwe amapangidwa ndi ulusi wouma wa nkhuni ndikumata ndi zinthu za polima. Zinthu zoterezi zimayamikiridwa chifukwa champhamvu kwambiri, kukhathamira kwake, kulimba kwake komanso kukana kwambiri chinyezi. Zojambula za MDF ndizoyendetsedwa bwino, zomwe zimathandiza opanga kutanthauzira malingaliro awo pakupanga makabati okongola. Komabe, posankha, muyenera kulipira mtengo. Popeza ichi ndi zinthu zachilengedwe kwambiri, poyerekeza ndi ena, motero, mtengo wake ndiwokwera kwambiri.

Zamgululi

Izi zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zovala zokongoletsera. Zimakhala ndi zinyalala zamtchire zokhala ndi zomangira monga sera ya parafini ndi resin ya formaldehyde. Ma mbale otere akhala akufunidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Koma posankha nkhaniyi, m'pofunika kuganizira kusagwirizana kwake ndi chinyezi.

Mitengo yachilengedwe

Zimamveka modabwitsa, koma kupanga mipando yamatabwa achilengedwe sivuta kuposa ma slabs opangidwa kale. Ndiwachilengedwe, wolimba, wolimba. Pomanga zovala zogona m'nyumba, amagwiritsa ntchito bolodi lokhala ndi pulani. Chokhachokha chokhudzidwa ndi nkhaniyi ndikuti sichimalimbana ndi kusintha kwa kutentha komanso kutentha kwa mpweya.

Zamkatimu ndi zinthu zofunika

Kuti zovala zomangidwa mu Khrushchev zizigwira bwino ntchito, sitiyenera kuyiwala kuti zimamangidwa kopitilira chaka chimodzi. Chifukwa chake, kuti mupeze nthawi yomweyo magawo omwe amafunikira mkatikati, ndi bwino kuganizira zojambula zotsatirazi:

chachikulu - malowa amapangidwira zovala zakunja. Idagawika magawo awiri. Mbali imodzi iyenera kukhala ndi bala yovala zovala zakunja. Kachiwiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti timange madabowa osungira magolovesi, mipango, zipewa. Mashelufu omangidwa pansi mu chipinda chino si malingaliro oyipa osungira matumba;
kumtunda - gawoli limagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungira zovala zomwe sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri. Gawoli ndi laling'ono ndipo silifuna zina zowonjezera. Zinthu zimatha kuyikidwa pamwamba pake;
pansi - mu gawo ili nsapato zili. Kuti zitheke, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika mashelufu azamasamba osiyanasiyana mderali, pamtundu wina ndi kukula kwa nsapato;
zowonjezera - gawo lotere limatha kubisa zida zapanyumba. Zolemba zina m'derali zitha kuthandizanso kusungira zovala ndi nsapato.

Pamwambapa

Avereji

M'munsi

Kuti mumve bwino, zosankha zotsatirazi pazinthu zina zowonjezera zithandizira:

zopachika - amapachika zinthu pa iwo ndikuziphatika ku bar;
zikopa - zimamangiriridwa zonse zazikulu komanso zazing'ono. Mosavuta, ali ndi: maambulera, maphukusi, makiyi ndi zinthu zina zazing'ono;
pantograph - ndi chithandizo chake zidzakhala zotheka kupeza zovala zopachika kuchokera kumtunda wamtali;
opanga zipewa - zopangira malo azipewa;
maukonde a nsapato - mukamawagwiritsa ntchito, zidzakhala zotheka kuchotsa mosavuta dothi ndi fumbi lomwe lasonkhanitsidwa nsapato m'munsi mwa kabati.

Malamulo osankha

Kuti mukhale ndi zovala zapa khwalala, zithunzi zomwe pakusankhidwa zimakhala ndi moyo wautali komanso mapangidwe oyenera, muyenera kupeza maupangiri angapo osankhidwa. Mfundo yofunikira kwambiri posankha zovala zomangidwa munjira yapangidwe ndi kapangidwe kake. Kugwira ntchito kwathunthu kwa nduna kumadalira pakuwerengera kolondola. Chifukwa chake, kuti mupewe zolakwika zomwe zingaphatikizepo ndalama zowonjezera zowonjezera, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muitane katswiri kuti aziwerengera mapangidwe.

Chinthu china chosafunikira posankha zovala zomangidwa mkati mwake ndi mawonekedwe ake. Poganizira kuti makoma a mipando iyi sakuwoneka, facade ndiye gawo lakutsogolo. Posankha makabati okhala ndi kuyatsa kowonjezera, khwalala la Khrushchev litenga chinsinsi china. Mukamasankha ndi magalasi omangidwa, dera la chipinda chaching'ono limawonjezeka.

Mukamapanga mipando yomangidwa munjira yaying'ono, ndiyeneranso kuganizira zamkati mwa nyumbayo. Mukaphonya mphindi ino, mtsogolomo, zovala zomalizidwa siziphatikizidwa ndi kapangidwe ka zipinda, zomwe zidzalankhulanso za kukoma kwa eni ake.

Kusankhidwa kwa mtundu wa kabati kumadalira zomwe makasitomala amakonda. Koma pali malangizo othandiza omwe muyenera kuganizira. Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi malingaliro a akatswiri panjira yopita pakhomopo, ndi bwino kusankha mitundu yakuda, chifukwa amawoneka ochepa mipandoyo. Zimakwanira bwino mkati ndi makabati okhala ndi matabwa, omwe, ndi utoto wawo, amalimbikitsanso Khrushchev.

Musanasankhe kampani yomwe ipange zovala zazing'ono zomwe zimamangidwa, muyenera kudziwa mitengo yake komanso ziyeneretso za ogwira ntchito. Kuti mudziwe mtundu wa ntchito yomwe agwira, muyenera kupempha buku la zodandaula, kapena kuwerenga ndemanga za ogula.