Maolivi ndi maolivi - kusiyana kwake ndi kotani
Maolivi ndi maolivi akuda amakula mumtengo wotchedwa European olive. M'nkhaniyi tiona kusiyana pakati pa azitona ndi azitona, zabwino zake ndi zoyipa zake m'thupi, tikukuuzani komwe amakulira komanso momwe amakulira.
Dzinalo "azitona" limagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Russia kokha, m'maiko ena amatchedwa "azitona".
Oliva ndi umodzi mwamitengo yotchuka kwambiri komanso yokondedwa mdziko lakwawo. Malinga ndi nthano, ikuyimira kulumikizana kwamatsenga ndi thambo, chifukwa chake lakhala likulemekezedwa kuyambira nthawi zakale. Ku Greece wakale, opambana pa Masewera a Olimpiki adapatsidwa nduwira za maolivi. Ndi kuchokera ku Greece komwe maolivi ndi maolivi adayamba kufalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Pang'onopang'ono, mitengo ya azitona inagonjetsa America ndi Africa, ndipo zipatsozo zinatumizidwa kumayiko onse.
Lero, mtengo wokongola wokhala ndi masamba ngati siliva umaphatikizapo nzeru komanso ulemu. Mtengo wa azitona umakhalanso ndi malo apadera mchipembedzo, pokhala chizindikiro chobadwanso. Nthambi ya azitona idabweretsedwa m'chingalawa cha Nowa ndi nkhunda, yomwe idalengeza kutha kwa chigumula komanso kuthekera kobwerera kumtunda.
Zipatso zonse za maolivi ndi mafuta ake amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya. Pali mitundu yazitona komanso yamafuta, kuchuluka kwa mafuta komwe kumafikira 80%.
Momwe azitona amasiyanirana ndi azitona
Ku Russia, mawu oti "azitona" amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza zipatso za azitona zobiriwira, zipatso zakuda za mtengo womwewo zimatchedwa "azitona".
Otsatsa ena amakhulupirira kuti izi ndi zipatso za mitengo yosiyana, ena kuti kusiyana kwawo kumachitika chifukwa cha kukula msinkhu. Maolivi ndi maolivi onse amakula pamtengo womwewo - azitona waku Europe, ndipo amasiyana kokha pakukhwima.
Maolivi wobiriwira okha ndi omwe ali oyenera kuteteza. Zipatso zakuda zakuda zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza. Mafuta amapangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo. Mtundu wakuda kapena wobiriwira wazipatso zamzitini umatsimikiziridwa ndi ukadaulo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga. Opanga osiyanasiyana samasiyana pakusintha kwamatekinoloje komanso magwiridwe antchito ambiri, koma pakhoza kukhala zochenjera zina pakati pawo.
Zipatso zobiriwira zimasankhidwa pamanja ndikuziyika m'mabasiketi apadera. Pofuna kutolera zipatso zakupsa, amayikapo maukonde pansi pamtengo uliwonse. Mitengoyi imathiramo, kenako imagawidwa ndi kukula kwake. Gawo ili limatchedwa calibration. Pambuyo pake, kuti achotseko kulawa kowawa, maolivi amaviikidwa m'mitsuko yambiri mumayankho okhudzana ndi soda.
Zipatso zomwe timagula zakuda zimayikidwa m'makontena apadera, momwe mpweya umaperekera, ndipo njira ya okosijeni imachitika. Maolivi amaphatikizidwa ndi okosijeni masiku asanu ndi awiri mpaka khumi, pambuyo pake amakhala akuda komanso ofewa, ndipo amakhala ndi zokometsera zodziwika bwino.
Palibe gawo la makutidwe ndi okosijeni muukadaulo wobiriwira wa azitona. Pambuyo pokonza, azitona zimasungidwa mu brine. Apa, opanga amatha kupanga maluso powonjezera zonunkhira ndi zinthu zina ku brine, ndikupanga siginecha kukoma.
Zambiri zamakanema
Chogulitsidwacho chimasungidwa m'mathanki akulu apulasitiki, omwe amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake ndikuyika mobisa. Kukhoza kwa mbiya ngati imeneyi ndi pafupifupi matani 10. Nthawi ikafika yantchito zotsatirazi (kulumikiza, kulongedza), maolivi amaponyedwa m'migolo pogwiritsa ntchito mapampu apadera.
Ubwino ndi kuvulaza thupi
Zakudya za anthu aku Mediterranean sizingaganizidwe popanda azitona ndi maolivi, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi abwino kwambiri. Malinga ndi miyambo ya anthu aku Mediterranean, mtengo wa azitona sufa, kotero iwo omwe amakonda zipatso zake amadziwika ndi thanzi labwino komanso mphamvu.
- Maolivi amakhala ndi zinthu zopitilira zana. Katundu wa ena aiwo sanaphunzirepobe.
- Zipatso ndi njira yabwino yothanirana ndi matenda amitsempha yamagazi, chiwindi, m'mimba, mtima.
- Ngakhale mafupa a azitona amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chakudya, chomwe chimapukusidwa bwino nthawi yakudya.
- Gulu la mitundu itatu ya zinthu za phenolic limapindulitsa thupi: lignans, phenols zosavuta, ndi secoiridoids.
- Maolivi ndi nkhokwe ya zinthu zothandiza, monga oleocanthal - anti-inflammatory and reliever pain.
Zipatso zimakhala ndi mafuta a monounsaturated ndi vitamini E, omwe amatha kutsitsa mafuta m'thupi komanso kuteteza mitsempha yamagazi ku atherosclerosis, squalene, yomwe imathandizira kupewa khansa yapakhungu, oleic acid, yomwe imalepheretsa kukula kwa khansa ya m'mawere.
Kodi azitona ndi azitona zimakula kuti komanso zimakula bwanji
Kodi mtengo wa azitona umakonda bwanji ma gourmets? Thunthu la mtengo wa maolivi limatha kufalikira kwambiri mulifupi, pomwe kutalika kwake sikufikira mita yopitilira 1 mita. Mukapanda kusamalira mtengo wake, mwachangu kwambiri ungasanduke chitsamba ndikufa chifukwa chosowa kuwala pansi.
Olive ndi chomera chosatha chomwe chitha kuberekana ndikudziyesa chokha. Mizu ya mtengoyi imakhala yakuya masentimita 80. Mtengo wa azitona umatha kukhala m'malo ouma, ndipo umatha kupirira mpaka 10 ° chisanu.
Masiku ano azitona aku Europe amalima kudera lonse la Mediterranean. Ndiwotchuka kwambiri kotero kuti wafalikira ku North ndi South America, Asia Minor, India, Australia, Kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Africa, ndi East Asia.
Spain imadziwika kuti ndiyotsogola popereka azitona, pomwe 80% ya maolivi amatebulo amaperekedwa ndi dera la Andalusia. Gawo la zomwe limapereka pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi lifikira 50%, chifukwa chake azitona ndi azitona zambiri zoperekedwa pazowerengera zaku Russia zimachokera ku Spain. Maolivi samakula ku Russia, koma sipadzakhala kovuta kuwapeza m'masitolo.
Mitundu yotchuka
Zonse pamodzi, pali mitundu yoposa 400 ya maolivi achi Greek. Nthawi zambiri, mayina osiyanasiyana azitona amachokera komwe amakulira. Kutengera ntchito, azitona zidagawika m'magulu atatu:
- Zakudya zam'madzi, zomwe zimadyedwa kwathunthu ndipo zimapangidwira kumalongeza. Chalkidiki, Conservolia, Amfisa, Kalamon (Kalamata), Frumbolia.
- Mbewu zamafuta zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafuta. Izi ndizodziwika bwino za Koroneiki ndi ena.
- Mbewu za mafuta ophatikizidwa kapena zamzitini. Izi zikuphatikiza mitundu ya Manaki.
Maolivi ndi mankhwala achilendo, ndi okoma komanso athanzi. Ndi mbewu zochepa zomwe zingafanane ndi azitona potengera kuchuluka kwa mavitamini, kufufuza zinthu, ndi ulusi. Mukayamba kukondana ndi kukoma kwawo, mudzakhalabe okonda mpaka kalekale.