Matenda ndi tizirombo ta chipinda gerbera

Gerberas, ofanana ndi ma daisy a mitundu mitundu, amakondedwa chifukwa cha maluwa owala achilendo. Amapezeka m'munda, pamabedi amaluwa, pazenera pazenera.
Koma zomerazi zimafunika kusamalidwa bwino, chifukwa zimawopa tizirombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timagwidwa ndimatenda ambiri.

Njira zodzitetezera komanso chithandizo chanthawi yake sizingalole kuti zolengedwa zodabwitsa izi zife. M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana matenda omwe amapezeka kwambiri m'chipinda cha gerbera, komanso tizirombo tomwe timakhalapo. Pamodzi tidzaphunzira momwe tingasamalire bwino maluwa omwe timawakonda, chifukwa si chinsinsi kwa aliyense, gerberas ndi imodzi mwazomera zanyumba.

Kodi chingakhale chifukwa?

Gerbera ndi maluwa osatha ochokera ku Africa otentha. Masiku ano, mitundu pafupifupi 70 ya chomera cha Compositae imadziwika. Mitundu yambiri ya gerberas imalimidwa m'mabedi ndi minda. Mu floriculture m'nyumba, ndizotheka kukula kakang'ono kokha komanso kosaganizira kwambiri Gemsen gerbera.

CHOFUNIKA! Maluwa awa, monga zomera zambiri zamkati, amakhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Koma nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha mkhalidwe wake wosauka si tizirombo kapena matenda, koma chisamaliro chosayenera ndi zovuta zomwe zimakula.

Zitsanzo:

1. Masamba akayereratu ndikataya utoto, chifukwa chachikulu ndikowunikira kwambiri. Kuti akonze izi, mphika wamaluwa uyenera kukonzedwanso kutali ndi zenera pamalo amdima.
2. Masamba akayereratu, ndipo zimayambira ndikutambalala, ndiye kuti chomeracho, m'malo mwake, sichikhala ndi dzuwa lokwanira. Maluwawo ayenera kuikidwa pazenera kumbali yakumwera, komwe kuli dzuwa lowala kwambiri.

Matenda obzala amatha kuyambitsidwa ndi:

• Mkhalidwe wosakhutiritsa wa mizu.
• Kuthirira kolakwika ndi maboma.
• Kuwonongeka kwa chomeracho ndi tizirombo.

Werengani za momwe mungasamalire chipinda cha gerbera mumiphika pano, ndipo kuchokera m'nkhaniyi muphunzira za zovuta za kubzala ndikusamalira munda wamaluwa.

Chithunzi

Kenako, mutha kuwona chithunzi cha matenda am'chipinda cha gerbera ndi njira zawo zochiritsira:

Matenda a fungal

Njira ina

Zizindikiro:

1. Masamba ndi petioles a chomera amakhudza mawanga ofiira ofiira amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina, kuyenda mozungulira kumakhala m'malo ena.
2. Pakukula kwa matendawa, mawanga amakhala opepuka pang'ono pakati.
3. Ndi chinyezi chokwanira cha mpweya, pachimake pamtundu wamdima pamapezeka.
4. Masamba amakhala ndi utoto wachikaso, monga ndimayaka (werengani chifukwa chake masamba a chipinda gerbera amasanduka achikasu ndi zoyenera kuchita popewa, werengani apa).
5. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timasungidwa kwanthawi yayitali m'nthaka ndikunyamula zinyalala.

Zoyambitsa:

• Mpweya wotentha kwambiri m'nyumba.
• Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi cha chilengedwe ndi nthaka.
• Kudyetsa kolakwika kapena kosakwanira ndipo, chifukwa chake, kutha kwa gawo lapansi.

Njira Control:

1. Musalole kuti duwa lofooka chifukwa chosowa zakudya.
2. Tetezani kuti madzi asathike kwambiri.
3. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda zikapezeka, tengani chomeracho ndi fungicic ya Ridomil Gold.

Kuvunda imvi

Zizindikiro:

1. Kuphuka kofiira kumawonekera pansi pa tsamba, peduncles ndi maluwa.
2. Madera omwe akhudzidwa akutha.
3. Ndikukula kwa matendawa, gerbera imatha kufa.
4. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timasungidwa m'zinyalala ndi nthaka kwa nthawi yopitilira chaka.
5. Chomeracho chimakhala ndi kachilombo, nthawi zambiri kudzera m'nthaka kapena m'madzi.

Zoyambitsa:

• Chinyezi cha mpweya ndichokwera kwambiri.
• Kuthira madzi kwa gawo lapansi.
• Owonjezera nayitrogeni m'nthaka.

Njira Control:

1. Onetsetsani miyezo ya agrotechnical, sungani mpweya wabwino komanso chinyezi m'nthaka.
2. Ngati matenda apezeka, chitani chomeracho ndi fungicic ya systemic: Rovral kapena Fundazol.

Nkhaka zithunzi

Zizindikiro:

1. Pamasamba a duwa, mawanga amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chikasu chobiriwira okhala ndi m'mbali pang'ono.
2. Ndikukula kwa matendawa, pepala la pulasitiki limapunduka.
3. Mitundu ya nkhumba ya mitsempha ya masamba imatha kuwonanso.
4. Bzalani necrosis akufotokozera.
5. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timafalikira ndi tizilombo tomwe timaboola pakamwa, monga nsabwe za m'masamba.
6. Popanda kutero, kachilomboka kangayambitsidwe ndi makina.
7. Mafangayi sapitilira m'nthaka.
8. Kachilomboka kamagwira ntchito kumapeto kwa nyengo yomwe ikukula.

Zoyambitsa:

• Kusowa kwa dzuwa.
• Kutentha kwambiri kwa chilengedwe.
• Mpweya ndi wozizira kwambiri.

Njira Control:

1. Onetsetsani chinyezi ndi kutentha kozungulira.
2. Chithandizo chodzitchinjiriza cha duwa ndi tizirombo.

Choipitsa cham'mbuyo

Zizindikiro:

1. Masamba odwala amauma kuchokera panja pa malo ogulitsirawo.
2. Komanso, masambawo amaumitsa mkati.
3. Maluwawo amagwa, mizu imavunda ndipo chomeracho chimafa.
4. Bowa amakhala nthawi yayitali mu gawo lapansi ndikubzala zinyalala.
5. Matendawa amafalikira kudzera mumlengalenga ndi nthaka.

Zoyambitsa:

• Mavalidwe owonjezera.
• Kuchuluka kwamadzi kwa gawo lapansi.
• Kutentha kwazinthu kwambiri

Njira Control:

1. Onaninso njira zolondola zokulira mbewu. Gwiritsani gawo lopanda mpweya, lotayirira.
2. Pazizindikiro zoyamba za matenda, siyani kuthirira, sinthani gawo lapansi kukhala lowuma.
3. Gwiritsani ntchito kukonzekera fungicidal: Ridomil, Phindu la Golide kapena Previkur.

Sclerotinosis

Zizindikiro:

1. Chomeracho chimayamba kufota msanga.
2. Pansi pa masamba ndi pa peduncles, mawanga okhumudwa amapangidwa, pomwe pachimake choyera ndi imvi chimayamba.
3. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timasungidwa m'nthaka kwa nthawi yayitali.

Zoyambitsa:

• Chinyezi chochuluka pansi.
• Kuchulukitsa mafuta ndi feteleza.
• Kutentha kwazambiri ndikutalika kwambiri.

Njira Control:

1. Sinthani gawo lapansi kuti likhale lowala, lokhala ndi mpweya wokwanira.
2. Musagwedezeke nthawi ndi nthawi ndikuwonetsetsa nthaka.
3. Gwiritsani ntchito fungicides ya systemic Vitaros kapena Fundazol.

Powdery mildew

Zizindikiro:

1. Powdery mildew bowa amadziwika kwambiri muzomera zazing'ono.
2. Maluwawo amayamba ataphimbidwa ndi zoyera, kenako ndimaluwa oyera.
3. Ndikukula kwa matendawa, zomera zonse zimakhudzidwa ndi zotuluka ndi pachimake.
4. Masamba, peduncles ndi masamba amafota ndipo maluwawo amafa.
5. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayenda mlengalenga ndikusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali mu zinyalala zazomera.

Zoyambitsa:

• Kutentha kwambiri.
• Kutentha kwambiri.
• Kuperewera kwa calcium m'nthaka.
• Kudya kwambiri.

Njira Control:

1. Musanyalanyaze nthaka, onani momwe kutentha kumakhalira, perekani zowunikira zokwanira, ndikuwonetsetsa gawo lapansi.
2. Ikani fungicides Topaz ndi Fundazol.

Tizirombo

Tizilombo tofala kwambiri pazomera zapakhomo ndi ma gerberas ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, ntchentche zoyera ndi akangaude.

Aphid

Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa, tosaoneka ndi maso, timafalikira kudzera chomeracho mofulumira kwambiri. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa tikhoza kulowa mchipinda kudzera pawindo kapena khonde. Amakhala m'magawo akulu, amadyetsa zipatso.

Momwe mungamenyere:

1. Kuti muchotse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chomeracho chiyenera kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo kangapo. Pazifukwa izi, Intavir, Fitoverm kapena Karbofos ndioyenera.
2. Kenako masamba a duwa ayenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi ofunda ndikupukuta pang'ono. Nthawi zambiri, njirazi zimathandizira kuthana ndi tizirombo.

Malangizo! Ngati sanalandire panthawiyi, ndiye kuti duwa lomwe lili ndi nsabwe zauma limafa ndikufa.

Whitefly

Gulugufeyu amadyetsanso zipatso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asanduke chikasu ndikugwa. Tizilombo timaswana mofulumira kwambiri. Mphutsi zowopsa zamtunduwu, zomwe ndizovuta kuzichotsa.

Momwe mungamenyere:

1. Sambani gerbera ndi madzi ofunda okhala ndi sopo.
2. Chotsani chomeracho ndi ziweto zathanzi.
3. Chitani dothi mokonzekera ndi pulogalamu yambiri ya permethrin.
4. Muyenera kuthirira duwa masiku atatu aliwonse mpaka atachira ndikuyamba kukula.

Kangaude

Maukonde abwino kwambiri a ukonde amapezeka pamasamba a gerbera. Akangaude amadyetsa masamba, chifukwa chake amasanduka achikasu ndikuyamba kugwa. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timapezeka ndikuthirira kokwanira komanso kuwuma kwambiri kwa mpweya.

Momwe mungamenyere:

1. Dulani mbewu ndi anyezi kapena adyo yankho. Chinsinsi: 1 lita. madzi 20 magalamu a adyo kapena anyezi peel.
2. Mutha kupukuta masamba ndi tsinde la duwa ndi swab ya thonje ndikupaka mowa.
3. Ngati izi sizikuthandizani, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala a Actellik, Fitoverm kapena Neoron.

Kupewa

Kuti ma gerberas azitha kulimbana ndi matenda ndikulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda bwino, Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo zodzitetezera kuti mulimbikitse ndikusintha duwa:

1. Yang'anirani duwa mosamala musanagule matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.
2. Nthaka ya gawoli musanadzalemo - iyi ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yopewera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
3. Wongolerani acidity ya nthaka ndikudyetsa chomeracho moyenera.
4. Onetsetsani kayendedwe kabwino ka kutentha, musatenthe kapena kutentha kwambiri gerbera, apo ayi masamba ake amayamba kupindika ndikugwa.
5. Perekani kuyatsa kokwanira komanso kokwanira.
6. Madzi nthawi zonse, koma sinthani kuthirira mosamala kuti mupewe kuchuluka kwa chinyezi komwe kumatha kukhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Mapeto

Potsatira malamulo osavuta awa osamalira gerbera, mudzapulumutsa chomeracho ku matenda ambiri. Musakhumudwe kwambiri ngati maluwa omwe mumawakonda akudwala. Izi zitha kuchitika ndi mlimi wodziwa zambiri. Ingothandiza gerbera kuchotsa tizirombo ndi matenda, ndipo zidzakusangalatsani ndi maluwa okongola komanso olimba kwa nthawi yayitali.