Kuswana kwa Gerbera: kubzala ndikusamalira dimba osati kokha

Katswiri aliyense wamaluwa kapena wokonda masewera amangofuna kukongoletsa maluwa ake ndi maluwa okongola komanso osazolowereka. Mmodzi mwa maluwa otchuka kwambiri pakukula pabedi la maluwa ndi gerbera kapena transvaal chamomile (dzina ili limapezeka m'mabuku achingerezi). Gerbera ndi wa banja la Aster. Waku Scotsman Robert Jameson amatchedwa kuti wofukula chomeracho.

Ndipo mu 1917, katswiri wazamadzi waku Dutch a Jan Gronovius adadziwitsa anthu aku Europe. Palibe zenizeni zakomwe dzina limayambira. Olemba ena alemba kuti chomeracho chimatchedwa dzina la dokotala waku Germany Gerber, mwa ena - kuchokera ku liwu lachilatini herba, lotanthauza "udzu".

Obereketsa aweta pafupifupi mitundu 80 ya maluwa okongola awa kuchokera ku masamba obiriwira ndi gerbera Jameson. Mitundu yambiri ya gerbera imakula ku South Africa ndi pachilumba cha Madagascar, komanso kumadera otentha a ku Asia. Zomera zimasiyanasiyana mtundu wa inflorescence, terry (yosavuta, yamiyala, theka-kawiri) ndi utoto (kuyambira zoyera mpaka zofiirira).

Mitundu yambiri yamaluwa

• Gerber Wright.
• G. ferruginea DC.
• Wobiriwira.
• G. aberdarica R.E.Fr.
• Gerber Jameson.
• Gerbera Abyssinian.

Werengani zambiri zamtundu wa gerbera pano.

Gerbera amapezeka pafupifupi m'sitolo iliyonse yamaluwa, onse ngati maluwa komanso mumphika. Gerbera ndiwotchuka osati kokha chifukwa cha kukongola ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Chomera chodulidwa chimatha kusunga mawonekedwe ake oyamba kwa nthawi yayitali (tidakambirana za njira zosungira ma gerberas odulidwa mu vase kwa nthawi yayitali). Gerberas amabwera mumitundu yosiyanasiyana, kupatula buluu.

Maluwawo ndi dengu la inflorescence pamtengo wopanda masamba pafupifupi 60 cm (palinso mitundu yaying'ono, yomwe kutalika kwake kuli pafupifupi 25-30 cm). Maluwa awiriwa amasiyana masentimita 5 mpaka 12. Masamba a Gerbera ndi obiriwira mopepuka, ogwirizana mu muzu rosette. Chomerachi sichimangokhalira kukonda, koma chimakonda kutentha ndi kuwala. Ngati mutsatira malangizo omveka bwino osamalira, gerbera idzakusangalatsani ndi kukongola kwake kwanthawi yayitali.

Chithunzi

Nazi zithunzi za maluwa a gerbera.

Kodi nthawi yabwino kukula ndi iti?

Mukasankha kulima gerbera m'munda, muyenera kukumbukira kuti dera lomwe lili ndi nyengo yotentha (nyengo yotentha osati nyengo yozizira kwambiri) ndi yabwino kwambiri pakukula kwake. Nyengo yachisanu isanayambike, chomeracho chimakutidwa ndi udzu wosanjikiza, nthambi za spruce kapena masamba owuma. Ngati mumakhala m'dera lomwe mumakhala nyengo yachisanu yotentha kwambiri, muyenera kukumba gerbera ndikusunga mumphika kunyumba nthawi yonse yozizira.

Gerberas amathanso kulimidwa ngati chomera cha pachaka. Chofunika kwambiri kubzala mbewu za gerbera ndi masika... Mukabzala pambuyo pake, nthawi yofalikira ya gerbera idzachepetsedwa. Sankhani mphika musanadzalemo. Gerbera daisies adzafunika mphika wopumira kuti akule bwino, motero mphika wadothi ndiye chisankho chabwino kwambiri. Kusankha dothi kumatsatira. Iyenera kukhala yopepuka komanso yopatsa thanzi momwe ingathere.

Chisakanizo cha peat, mchenga ndi tsamba la masamba ndichabwino kwambiri pakukula chomera ichi. Kungakhale kothandiza kuwonjezera khungwa labwino la paini. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito dothi lapadera la gerbera kapena dothi popanga maluwa.

Kodi kukonza nthaka?

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, muyenera kubzala gerbera mchaka (Marichi-Epulo). Kuti mukule, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphika wawung'ono. Pamene gerbera ikukula, iyenera kubzalidwa. Izi ziwonetsetsa kuti maluwa akumera mwadongosolo.

Chifukwa chake, pansi pamphika womwe mudatola uyenera kukhala ndi mabowo. Choyamba, tsanulirani ngalandeyo mumphika, kenako nthaka yotenthedwa. Timabzala mbewu ndikuziphimba ndi dothi lomwelo (werengani zambiri zakukula kwa gerbera kuchokera ku nthanga pano).

Zofunika! Thirirani gerbera ndi madzi ofunda okha. Madzi ozizira amatha kupangitsa kuti mbewuyo ifere.

Nthawi yoyamba mukamwetsa, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito botolo la utsi kuti jeti yamadzi isasambitse nyembazo m'nthaka.

Zochita zina kunyumba osati kokha

Ngati zinthu zonse zakwaniritsidwa, gerbera imera m'masiku asanu ndi awiri mpaka khumi. Mbande ziyenera kukula ndikulimba. Izi zitenga milungu iwiri kapena itatu. Pakadali pano, gerbera iyenera kukhala ndi masamba atatu kapena anayi.

Pakapangidwe ka masamba ndi masamba, gerbera imafunikira kuthirira mwatsatanetsatane.
Komabe, maluwa oyamba akangoyamba kuwonekera, kuthirira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa. Koma ndikofunikira kuwunika momwe nthaka ilili - gerbera sakonda chinyezi chouma kapena kuuma.

Thirani m'mphepete mwa mphika kuti musadzaze mizu. Kapena tsanulirani madzi poto, koma mutatha theka la ola, madzi otsalawo ayenera kutsanulidwa. Musalole kuti madzi asowe potokuyambira pamenepo Izi zingayambitse matenda a fungal ndikupanga powdery mildew.

Gerbera amakonda kupopera mbewu ndi madzi. Ndikofunika kamodzi kapena masiku awiri kapena awiri kupopera masamba a gerbera ndi fumbi lamadzi, koma osati maluwawo.

Kutentha kokwanira kwakukula kwa gerbera kuli pafupifupi madigiri 18-20. Munthawi imeneyi, ndibwino kupewa dzuwa.

Chenjezo! Kuti mukhale ndi gerbera yokongola komanso yathanzi, imayenera kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza amchere milungu iwiri kapena itatu iliyonse. Komabe, gerbera sakonda feteleza, kotero simuyenera kuphimba nthaka yozungulira tsinde ndi manyowa kapena humus!

Gerbera amamasula kuyambira Juni mpaka Ogasiti. Imamasula pokhapokha tsamba la rosette litakula mokwanira. Chiwerengero cha maluwa ndi kukula kwake chimadalira mtundu wa chisamaliro chomera, komanso kuwala ndi kutentha kwa mpweya. Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo maluwa a gerberas, ndikofunikira kuchotsa inflorescence zomwe zatha. Izi zipangitsa kuti masamba atsopano awonekere. Zitsulo zowuma ziyenera kudulidwa mozama kuti ziphuphu zisavunde.

Ngati gerbera yabzalidwa panja, iyenera kuikidwa mumphika waukulu kugwa. M'nyengo yozizira, chomeracho chiyenera kuikidwa pamalo ozizira, owuma, mwachitsanzo, mchipinda chapansi (kutentha kuyenera kukhala osachepera 12 osapitilira 14 madigiri). Mpaka masika, gerbera imangofunika kuthiriridwa kangapo.

Tizirombo ta maluwa ndi matenda

1. Chinthu choyamba chomwe mlimi angakumane nacho ndi kangaude... Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timapezeka chifukwa cha nthaka yonyowa komanso mpweya wouma. Pofuna kupewa mawonekedwe a kangaude, ndi bwino kuwaza masambawo ndi fumbi lamadzi.
2. Whitefly ndi nsabwe za m'masamba - tizirombo tofala - titha kuwonekanso ngati kulibe chinyezi. Ndipo chifukwa cha chinyezi chochuluka cha nthaka, gerbera imatha kukhudzidwa ndi imvi yoyera komanso yoyera.
3. Ndikutentha kwambiri ndikuthirira madzi ozizira, chomeracho chimadwala matenda a fungal, omwe ndi - powdery mildew... Matendawa amatha kufalikira kuzomera zina. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kusiyanitsa gerbera yodwalayo.

Werengani zambiri zamatenda ndi tizirombo tachipinda cha gerbera apa, ndipo m'nkhaniyi tiona vuto loti bwanji masamba amtundu wachikasu.

Kutengera ndi zomwe tafotokozazi, kumera gerbera sikovuta monga kumawonekera. Potsatira malangizo omveka bwino, aliyense amatha kulima duwa lokongolali lomwe lidzakongoletsa bedi lanu kapena pawindo. Palinso ngakhale chikhulupiriro: ma gerberas amakopa kutukuka, chikondi ndi chisangalalo mnyumbayo. Amanenanso kuti gerberas ndi maluwa omwe angaperekedwe kwa amuna.