Maonekedwe abwino akusamalira begonia wachifumu: chobzala nyumba imodzi
Imperial begonia kapena begonia rex sichimangokhala chokongoletsera chamkati, komanso chomera chosatha komanso chokhwima.
Pali mitundu pafupifupi 1,500 ya maluwa okongolawa. Zimasiyana ndi zina m'maonekedwe okongola a masamba, mizu yolimba komanso yamphamvu, tsinde ndilotsika komanso lolimba, lokutidwa ndi ma bristles amitundumitundu. Wokondedwa kwambiri wamaluwa onse ndi wamaluwa okonda masewera.
Kufotokozera kwa botanical
Begonia ndi chomera chokhala ndi masamba odabwitsa omwe amabwera mumitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso makulidwe. Masambawo ndi ozungulira, ovunda kapena otambasuka. Maluwa awa ndi ofunika osati chifukwa cha mtundu wawo, koma chifukwa cha kukongoletsa kwawo kosangalatsa. Masamba amakula kwambiri, pafupifupi masentimita khumi.
Maluwawo ndi oyera ndipo amakula kuchokera pa 0.3 mpaka 0,5 sentimita. Pali mitundu ingapo yamaluwa begonias: maluwa a begonia, elatior kapena otchedwa winter begonia (muphunzira ma nuances ambiri za maluwa amtundu uwu pano), tuberous begonia (amatha kukula mpaka masentimita 80).
Begonia imagawidwa m'magulu awiri:
- Iron Cross... Imasiya masamba obiriwira kuchokera 15 mpaka 18.
Kubereka kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mdulidwe. Ndimathirira mosamala m'nyengo yozizira.
Grus en Erfurt... Masamba ndi obiriwira. Kuswana ndi kudzikongoletsa ndizofanana ndi Iron Cross.
Begonia imagawidwa m'magulu anayi:
- Zokwawa begonias ndi kusintha mphukira.
- Makolo akale a mitundu ya haibridi.
- Ndi mphukira zowoneka ngati nsungwi.
- Ma rhizomes okhwima, malo ogona.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Ili ndi mawonekedwe abwino. Zosavuta kusamalira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsa malo, monga: minda, malo ogwirira ntchito, nyumba. Pali maluwa amphongo ndi achimuna. Mwa akazi, bokosi lamatona atatu limapangidwa pamwamba pamakhala. Masamba a Perianth ndi owala komanso osagwirizana.
Malamulo ofika
Nthawi zambiri, begonia wachifumu amakula ngati chomera m'nyumba, kunyumba, kapena m'malo osungira zobiriwira. Ngati nyengo ili yabwino, amathanso kubzalidwa panja. Kuti mubzale begonias panthaka, muyenera kupanga dothi losakanikirana ndikumasula komanso zopatsa thanzi.
CHOFUNIKA! Pakulima m'nthaka, kuyatsa bwino ndikokwanira ndikofunikira. Mitundu yoyera imabzalidwa bwino m'nyumba zosungira. Pofuna kuti begonia isataye kukongola kwake, imayenera kuikidwa kamodzi zaka ziwiri zilizonse.
Komanso patsamba lathu mutha kupeza zambiri pakubzala begonia wosamalira maluwa ndi kusamalira mbewu kunyumba.
Kuunikira ndi malo
Amakonda malo owala. Chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa mitundu yowala, imafunikira kuyatsa kwakukulu. Ndi magetsi osakwanira, masambawo sadzawala.
Musalole kuti dzuwa ligundike, monga kuwala kowonjezera kumera. M'nyengo yotentha, ndikofunikira kubisa begonia padzuwa, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, ndibwino kuyiyika pazenera ngati ingayang'ane kumwera. Mthunzi pang'ono ndi malo abwino kwambiri kubzala.
Zofunika panthaka
Imperial begonia imakonda nthaka yokhala ndi acidity wabwinobwino. Nthaka yokhala ndi michere imakhala ndi humus, nthaka yakale, yathanzi yokhala ndi nthaka yosakanikirana ndi mchenga. Pakudzala chomera, chisakanizo chimapangidwa, chomwe chingagulidwe kapena kupangidwa kwanu.
Kuti mupange chisakanizochi, muyenera kutenga mchenga wamtsinje ndi nthaka yofanana, tsamba la humus, peat, komanso zidutswa za makungwa a paini ndi vermiculite. Zolemba izi zimapangitsa kuti mpweya uzilowa m'nthaka.
Malangizo a Kusamalira Maluwa
Kukula bwino ndikukula kwa mfumu begonia, ndikofunikira kutentha 13 - 22 madigiri Celsius. Amakonda mpweya wabwino, koma ayenera kutetezedwa kuzipangizo. M'nyengo yozizira, muyenera kusunga nthawi pakati pa kuthirira.
Mizu imatha kufa, kuchokera ku chinyezi chochuluka, komanso chifukwa chosowa. Pomwe dziko lapansi limauma, ndipamene begonia iyenera kuthiriridwa. Mphika uyenera kuikidwa mu peat yonyowa. Izi zachitika kuti apange chinyezi mulingo woyenera. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kumapangitsa kuti mbewuyo iwonongeke. Chinyezi chiyenera kusungidwa osachepera 60 peresenti.
CHOFUNIKA! M'nyengo yozizira, chomeracho chikuyenera kukhala kutali ndi zenera, apo ayi begonia imavutika kwambiri. M'chaka, chomeracho chiyenera kupopera. Simungafike pamasamba.
Begonia ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha mitundu yake yayikulu kwambiri. Takonza zolemba zingapo ndizofotokozera mwatsatanetsatane ndi malingaliro pobzala ndi kusamalira mitundu ina yazomera, monga Bolivia, Naked, Diadem, Sizolistny, Metallic, Collar, Mason, Hogweed, Bauer, Griffith.
Matenda wamba ndi tizirombo
Matenda a Begonia amaphatikizapo matenda osiyanasiyana. Mitengo yofooka nthawi zambiri imadwala... Matenda ake akuphatikizapo matenda awiri akulu: imvi zowola ndi powdery mildew. Palinso matenda angapo monga bakiteriya ndi mphete.
Simungachite popanda tizirombo, mwachitsanzo: tizilombo tofewa, masamba nematode, aphid wowonjezera kutentha, rootworm nematode, greenhouse whitefly, greenhouse trypsis.
Wowola wofiirira
Kumayambiriro, chomeracho chimasokonezedwa ndi mawanga owola a bulauni. Mawanga amayamba kukula ndikupha chomeracho chifukwa cha chinyezi chowonjezeka. Zifukwa zingapo zotsatirazi zitha kukulitsa vuto: kupopera mbewu pafupipafupi, kudyetsa mopitirira muyeso kapena kuthira madzi panthaka. Choyambitsa matendawa ndi bowa, lomwe ngakhale atamwalira begonia amakhala kwanthawi yayitali.... Kusunthidwa ndi mpweya kapena madzi.
Ngati matenda apita patali, ndiye kuti zabwino zake ndikungowononga chomeracho, chifukwa chimakhala chopatsirana kwa ena. Matendawa samabweretsa imfa nthawi zonse. Kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, chomeracho chimatha kupulumutsidwa. Fungicide yowonongeka idzathandiza ndi izi.
Powdery mildew
Chomeracho chimakutidwa ndi mawanga oyera. Begonia amavunda. Bowa umayenda mlengalenga. Zimapezeka pachinyontho kapena kutentha kwambiri.
Pofuna kupewa kufa, zofunikira izi ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa: musadyetse chomeracho ndi feteleza wambiri, chitani ndi fungicide.
Kubereka
Imperial begonia imafalikira ndi kudula ndi thandizo la mbewu, masamba ena, kapena ngakhale kugawa mizu.
Tikulimbikitsanso kuti mudzidziwe bwino momwe mitundu ya begonia imasinthira mosalekeza.
Zodula
Kuyamba Ndikofunika kuti cuttings izike mizu, chifukwa izi muyenera kuziyika m'madzi ndipo dikirani kuti mizu iwonekere. Pambuyo pake, mutha kubzala kale m'nthaka.
Komanso, mizu imakula ndikukula mwachangu m'nthaka yabwinobwino ndikuwonjezera zowonjezera. Ndikofunika kuphimba mphika ndi chomeracho ndi kanema kuti apange wowonjezera kutentha. Zikhala bwino kutenthetsa nthaka izi zisanachitike.
Kugwiritsa ntchito masamba a masamba
Imeneyi ndi njira yabwino yoberekera mafumu begonias. Za ichi muyenera kuyika masambawo pagalasi ndikugawa m'makona atatu ndi mpeni.
Kenako muwagwetse pansi ndikuphimba ndi kanema, mutakanikiza masambawo mwamphamvu. M`pofunika ventilate tsiku lililonse. Mphukira ziwoneka pafupifupi mwezi umodzi. Pofuna kubzala, muyenera kudikirira kuti mphukira zikhale zolimba komanso mosamala pobzala ndikukula.
CHOFUNIKA! Pogawa tsamba, mtsempha uyenera kukhala kumapeto kwa tsamba.
Mizu
Njira ina yoberekera begonias. Ndikofunika kugawa mizu mosamala mosiyanasiyana. ndi kubzala m'nthaka yabwino. Pali gawo lapadera la maluwa amkati ogulitsa, ngati mukufuna, mutha kukonzekera nokha. Ndikofunikira kunyowetsa nthaka mofanana panthawiyi, kupewa kusefukira. Kuti mphukira ziwonekere, muyenera kudikira pang'ono.
Imperial begonia ndiwodzichepetsa pazonse ndipo safuna chisamaliro chapadera. M'munda wamaluwa, wafalikira kwambiri, pafupifupi mitundu 125. Pakadali pano, pali mitundu yambiri komanso kukula kwa begonias. Mitundu yomwe idabadwira ku Belgium ndi yotchuka kwambiri. Mu 1920, asteroid idatchedwa begonia.