Matsenga achikasu a orchid: zochenjera za chisamaliro cha maluwa ndi zithunzi za mitundu yayikulu
Mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa a orchid, ndi mbewu zomwe zimakhala ndi maluwa achikasu omwe amadziwika kuti ndizopeka komanso amakongola.
Maluwa achikasu ndi amtundu wosakanikirana wa zomera ndipo amakhala bwino kuti akule m'banja.
M'nkhaniyi, tiona kuti maluwa amenewa ndi amtundu wanji, tiwone mbiri ya obereketsa, komanso kuti tidziwe mtundu wa tizirombo tomwe tingawononge maluwa a chikasu.
Maluwa amenewa ndi ati?
Tanthauzo la mitunduyo
Mtundu uwu m'chilengedwe umamera mwachindunji pamitengo, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito m'malo mothandizidwa. Mizu yake imakhala mlengalenga ndipo imayamwa madzi kuchokera mmenemo. Maluwa achikasu amadya zotsalira za zomera zowolazomwe zimadziunjikira mu kotekisi.
Kuwonekera mawonekedwe
Orchid wachikaso amadziwika ndi maluwa akutali, ndi fungo losangalatsa kwambiri, masamba amtundu wa uchi okhala ndi mithunzi yosiyanasiyana, sepals wokhala ndi siponji pakatikati pa mawonekedwe ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, malo opangira mungu wozungulira.
Masamba ake ndi achikopa komanso otakata, pafupi ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewuyo isafunikire kuwala. Orchid wamkati amaonedwa kuti ndi chomera chaching'ono ndipo ndi peduncle imafikira pafupifupi theka la mita.
Malangizo! Maluwa ndi chisamaliro choyenera amatha miyezi 5-6. Nthawi imeneyi, pa peduncle amatha kuwonekera maluwa 60.
Chithunzi
Nazi zithunzi zabwino kwambiri za maluwa amangamanga ndi mthunzi woyera:
Mitundu yokhala ndi mandimu
Ma hybrids otchuka achikaso:
- Phalaenopsis Golden Mary.
- Phalaenopsis Emerald.
- Jamaika, Golide.
- Trivento.
Mbiri yakubereka
Kwawo - madera otentha a Southeast Asia. Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu yopitilira makumi asanu ndi limodzi ya chomerachi. Maluwa a orchid amadziwika ndi sayansi kuyambira m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chiwiri.ngakhale dzina lamasiku ano adapatsidwa m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi ndi Karl Blume (director of the Leiden Botanical Garden). Adanenanso mwachindunji kufanana kwa mitundu iyi ndi agulugufe, akuwona malo otentha aku Malaysia okhala ndi ma binoculars.
Gawo ndi tsatane malangizo
Chisamaliro
Maluwa okongola kwambiri ndi osavuta kusamalira. Amamva bwino mumphika wopanda mtundu wokhala ndi gawo lapadera, lomwe limapangitsa kuti madziwo azisungira madzi, limatha kuthandiza mizu kupuma, ndipo silowola. Kupanga dothi loterolo kunyumba, peel peel, sphagnum peat, ndi makala amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Upangiri! Feteleza imachitika pambuyo poti sitolo yoyamba yaphulika kuti ithe kuyanika mosayembekezereka.
Kuika pafupipafupi sikofunikira, kamodzi kokha zaka ziwiri zilizonse. Nthawi ndi nthawi, ndibwino kuti muziyang'ana mizu ndikuchotsa mizu yodwala ndi mpeni wosongoka. Malo odulira amalimidwa ndi malasha kapena sulfure kuti zisawonongeke.
Ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito zovuta zapadera za ma orchid.... Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kuchuluka kwa feteleza kumatha kuyambitsa zovuta ndipo m'malo mwa maluwa abwino, ndizotheka kukhala wofooka komanso wopanda thanzi.
Maluwawo amakula ndikupanga kutentha, chinyezi, komanso kuwunikira kunyumba. Ngakhale amadziwika kuti ndi zomera zokonda kuwala, amatha kuchita popanda kuyatsa kwamphamvu, pokhala kumbuyo kwa chipinda. Kukula kumatheka ngakhale pansi pounikira.
Malo omwe amakonda kwambiri pamawindo omwe amayang'ana kumadzulo, kum'mawa. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kunyezimira kwanyengo yachilimwe kumatha kuyambitsa kutentha kwa chomeracho ndikuthandizira kuwoneka kwa mawanga ofiira pamasamba.
Kuthirira mbewu ndikokwanira kawiri pa sabata., tikulimbikitsidwa kutsanulira madzi pogona. Poterepa, muyenera kuwunika mosamala mtundu ndi mizu. M'nyumba yokhazikika, mizu imakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wowonekera bwino.
Mtundu wa silvery umawonetsa kusowa kwa chinyezi, kenako mphika wamaluwa uyenera kuikidwa mu chidebe ndi madzi kwa ola limodzi kapena maola awiri, komabe, ma peduncle okhala ndi maluwa m'madzi sayenera kukhala mulimonsemo. Chifukwa chake, utoto wofiirira wa mizu umawonetsa chinyezi chowonjezera ndipo izi zimatha kuyambitsa mizu.
M'nyengo yotentha, ndibwino kupopera mbewuyo kutengera kutentha... Ma orchids amakula bwino kutentha chaka chonse. Maluwa amenewa sakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira kuti agone. M'nyengo yozizira, amafunika kutsika pang'ono kutentha kozungulira mpaka 20 ... + 15 C, osatsika.
Zofunika! Zomera zomwe zili pazenera zimapezeka pakusintha kwa kutentha kwa madigiri 5-6 pakati pa usana ndi usiku.
Izi zimadumpha kutentha sizimapweteketsa chomeracho komanso zimathandizira pakupanga maluwa. Komabe, chifukwa chosiyana kwambiri, orchid imatha kutayika, zomwe zimadzetsa matenda akulu ndikumwalira pambuyo pake.
Popeza mizu ya orchid imasiya kuyamwa madzi pamalo otentha, masambawo amataya mphamvu zake ndi makwinya. Pachifukwa ichi, kuti muwongolere kayendetsedwe kazotentha komanso kutha kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu, ndibwino kuyika thermometer pazenera m'nyengo yozizira.
Zovala zapamwamba
Monga nthumwi zina za orchid wachikasu, muyenera kudyetsa... Pachifukwa ichi, feteleza wamagulu omwe amaperekedwa molunjika ku ma orchid amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zovala zapamwamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi kuthirira pakukula kwakukulu ndi kuphukira.
Tumizani
Kuika koyamba kuyenera kuchitika mutagula maluwa m'sitolo. Komabe, nthawi yoyamba yosinthira kuzinthu zatsopano imayenera kudutsa, pafupifupi sabata limodzi kapena awiri maluwa a orchid akadakulabe mumphika. Pofuna kubzala, miphika yamaluwa yokhala ndi mabowo ogwiritsira ntchito imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mtundu woyenera kwambiri udzakhala mphika wopanda pulasitiki wopanda mtundu. Mu mphika uwu, mizu imawonekera bwino, pomwe ndizotheka kukhazikitsa, ngati kuli kofunikira kuthirira mbewuyo.
N'zotheka kugula osakaniza okonzeka a dothi ngati gawo lapansi., kapena chitani nokha. Gawoli liyenera kukhala losavuta, losakanikirana bwino komanso lololeza mpweya ndi madzi. Pachifukwa ichi, khungwa lamtengo limaphatikizidwamo, ndizotheka kutenga makungwa a paini, makala. N'zotheka kutseka mphika kuchokera pamwamba ndi moss.
Ma orchids amaikidwa zaka zingapo zilizonse, chifukwa mphika umadzaza ndi mizu. Komabe, pazochitika zadzidzidzi, simuyenera kudikira nthawi yayitali. Milandu yotere imaphatikizapo kuchepa, kupezeka kwa madzi kapena kupatukana koyambirira kwa gawo lapansi kukhala fumbi.
Upangiri! Musanaike, mpira wapadziko lapansi wauma. Kenako amatulutsa mumphikawo ndipo amatsuka bwinobwino mizu. Pambuyo pofufuza mizu kuti pakhale zowola, zakufa, kuzichotsa, orchid imabzalidwa.
Kenako, mutha kuwonera kanema akuwonetsa kusanjikiza kwa orchid iyi:
Kubereka
Zowonjezera, sikungatheke kubzala ma orchid ndi mphukira.... Nthawi zambiri samangirizidwa, amakhala ndi voliyumu yaying'ono kenako samera, pokhapokha atagwiritsa ntchito fungus yapadera. Pachifukwa ichi, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito njira yogawa malo ogulitsira, pogwiritsa ntchito ana odulira kapena kuwotchera ana, kuti mupeze orchid wina wachikasu yemwe amakonda.
Zomwe njira izi zikutanthauza, ndizotheka kuti mudziwe zambiri ndikungodzigwiritsa ntchito nokha:
- Ana amapangidwa mu axils a masamba a rosette yoyambayo, komanso pa peduncle. Pazochitika zawo, ndizotheka kulimbikitsa pang'ono orchid - kuonjezera tsiku lowala, ndikugwiritsanso ntchito kutsika kwachangu.
- Kudula kumachitika masamba awiri enieni ndi mizu yakumlengalenga, kenako amapatulidwa mosamala kuti asasokonezeke, ndikuikidwamo wowonjezera kutentha kudikirira kuzika kwamizu. Pofuna kuwonjezera, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito othandizira, kapena kungoyika mwana pafupi ndi chidebe pomwe pali madzi, pambuyo pake ayamba kutambasula.
Njira yodulira imathandizira kuti nthawi yomweyo mukhale ndi mbande zambiri. Mphukira zomwe zidazimiririka zidulidwa mzidutswa, iliyonse iyenera kukhala ndi mphukira mwa iyo yokha, ndipo zigawozo ndizodzazidwa ndi malasha osweka. Zodulidwazi zimayikidwa wowonjezera kutentha pamalo otentha kwambiri, kotentha pafupifupi 25 ºС.
Kugawika mu rosettes kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, makamaka tchire lalikulu komanso lamphamvu. Chomeracho chimadulidwa ndi macheka odulira, mizu, yomwe yawonongeka, imawazidwa ndi ufa wamakala kuti iteteze kuwola.
Tizirombo ndi matenda
Monga mbewu zonse, orchid nthawi zina imagwidwa ndi tizirombo... Odziwika kwambiri ndi thrips, mealybugs ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Zikachitika, duwa limatsukidwa koyamba pansi ndikusamba, kenako limalimidwa ndi othandizira apadera.
Mapeto
Sikovuta kusamalira ma orchid, ngati mutsatira mfundo zonse mosamalitsa duwa, ndiye kuti posachedwa lipereka maluwa okongola, achikaso omwe amasangalatsa eni ake kwa nthawi yayitali.
Orchid wachikaso ndi chomera chamkati chabwino kwa oyamba kumene komanso odziwa bwino zamaluwa. Wokongola modabwitsa, osati maluwa osangalatsa, osangalatsa maluwa nthawi zonse - chikhumbo cha mbuye aliyense komanso kunyada kwa nyumbayo.