Kusamalira maluwa obiriwira a orchid: momwe mungakulire duwa mumphika kunyumba?

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Atayamba kuonekera ku Europe pafupifupi zaka 400 zapitazo, orchid nthawi yomweyo idachita chidwi ndi olima maluwa ndi kukongola kwawo kopatsa chidwi. Amateurs komanso odziwa ntchito zamaluwa sanadziwe momwe angasamalire chomera chachilendo.

Koma popita nthawi, ma orchid adakhazikika muzomera zokha, komanso pazenera. Pali mitundu yambiri yamaluwa otentha. Lero muphunzira za maluwa obiriwira achilendo.

Tikukuwuzani za mawonekedwe a duwa ili, mitundu yake, malamulo osamalira, njira yofalitsira m'nkhaniyi. Muthanso kuwonera kanema wothandiza pamutuwu.

Maluwa amenewa ndi ati?

CHENJEZO: Orchid ndi maluwa osatha obiriwira, nthawi zambiri tchire kapena liana limakula m'malo otentha kapena otentha. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 35,000 yamaluwa awa padziko lapansi onunkhira bwino kwamitundu ndi mitundumitundu.

Masamba a orchid ndi otakata kwambiri - kuyambira masentimita angapo mpaka 35 mita kutalika. Ma orchid ambiri ndi ma epiphyte omwe amamera pamitengo, koma palinso mitundu yapadziko lapansi.

Maonekedwe a chomeracho amakhalanso osiyanasiyana - tsinde lobiriwira limatha kukhala lalifupi, lalitali, lolunjika kapena lokwawa. Masamba ndi osavuta, osintha. Chomeracho chimatha kukhala ndi khungu limodzi kapena angapo achikopa, lancet kapena masamba ofewa. Koma chokongoletsera chachikulu cha orchid ndi maluwa amitundu yosiyanasiyana: lalanje, wachikaso, wobiriwira, wabulauni, woyera, lilac. Pali maluwa ngati achule, abuluzi, nkhunda ndi swans, agulugufe, njuchi, mavu ndi njenjete.

Zosiyanasiyana

Green ndi mthunzi wachilendo wa maluwa, pafupifupi sunapezeke m'chilengedwe. Maluwa a mitundu yotsatirayi akhoza kukhala obiriwira:

Pakati pa phalaenopsis, pali mitundu ingapo yoyandikira yobiriwira: Amalfi ndi Bellina aubweya wonyezimira wobiriwira wobiriwira wokhala ndi milomo yofiirira, wobiriwira wobiriwira Violacea alba, Sunrise Goldmour wokhala ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira.
Paphiopedilum lawrenceanum kapena Venus Slipper wokhala ndi mitsempha yoyera ndi yobiriwira.
Ng'ombe zobiriwira zobiriwira zobiriwira ndi ma Luteous Forb okhala ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira.
Kukongola kwa Cymbodium Sessa Green pamndandandawu ndi mtundu wobiriwira kwambiri, wokhutira.

Chithunzi

Maluwa obiriwira obiriwira komanso obiriwira amawoneka achilendo kwambiri... Onani zithunzi zawo:

"Violacea alba"

Ng'ombe Bowring

"Luteous Forb"

"Kukongola kwa Cymbodium Sessa Green"

Mbiri yakubereka

Ma orchid oyamba omwe anabweretsa ku Europe anasowa - ndiye wamaluwa sanadziwe momwe angawasamalire. Koma kuyambira pakati pa zaka za zana la 19, kufunikira kwa maluwa kunakulirakulira kotero kuti zotumizidwa kunja zidayamba kuchepa. Ndiye samadziwa momwe angamere maluwa a orchid kuchokera ku mbewu - maluwawo sanapangidwe mungu wochokera kumimba, ndipo tizilombo saloledwa pafupi nawo.

Ndiye njira inapangidwa yopangira mitundu yosakanizidwa ndi njira yoyendetsera mungu - mwanjira iyi mutha kuyendetsa bwino zomwe mwatengera. Lero, chifukwa cha kuyesera kwa oweta mazana padziko lonse lapansi, osachepera mitundu 15,000 ya haibridi idapangidwa, yosiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ake abwino ndi utoto - wabuluu, wofiirira, wobiriwira ndi ena.

Kukula mumphika

Maluwawo ayenera kusamalidwa bwino, pokhala ndi izi:

Thirirani chomeracho mosamala - ndi bwino kudzaza pansi kuposa kusefukira... Madzi ayenera kukhala ofunda, osasankhidwa, koma osaphika. Ndi bwino kuthirira nthaka ikauma.
Maluwawo amafunika kupeza kuwala kokwanira, koma simungathe kuyiyika padzuwa - imafunika kumeta masana. Pa cymbadium, sankhani kum'mawa, kumadzulo, kapena kumwera chakumadzulo.
CHOFUNIKA: Pansi pa kuwala kwambiri, maluwa ndi masamba amataya mtundu wobiriwira ndikusintha chikaso.
Maluwa - maluwa okonda kutentha... Cymbadium, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, imalekerera kutentha bwino - mpaka 35-38 ℃, koma usiku kutentha kumayenera kutsika ndi 8-15 ℃. M'dzinja ndi dzinja, kutentha m'chipinda chokhala ndi duwa sikuyenera kupitilira 18 ℃.
Chinyezi cha chipinda ndichofunikanso... Maluwa obiriwira safuna chinyezi chokwanira - 25-30% ndiyokwanira, nthawi zina amatha kukwezedwa mpaka 35-40%. Kuchepetsa chinyezi sikuvomerezeka - mpweya wouma umatsogolera chomeracho mpaka kufa.

Zovala zapamwamba

Kudyetsa bwino phalaenopsis wobiriwira kumachitika pokhapokha pakakula mphukira zatsopano, osapitilira kamodzi milungu itatu iliyonse. Pachifukwa ichi, mayankho apadera amapangidwa kuti umere umere.

Muthanso kupopera masambawo ndi yankho lapadera. Nthawi yakugona ndi maluwa, kudyetsa ndikoletsedwa..

Musapitiriremo ndi yankho, mwina gawo lapansi limatha kukhala lamchere. Komanso, musagwiritse ntchito feteleza wa mitundu ina ma orchid. M'sitolo mutha kugula feteleza ovuta: Kornevin, Royal Mix ndi "World of Flowers" kuchokera ku Rostagro.

Onerani kanema pa feteleza woyenera wa ma orchid:

Tumizani

Maluwa obiriwira, monga ena, ayenera kubzalidwa moyenera.... Izi siziyenera kuchitidwa kangapo kamodzi zaka ziwiri, ngati palibe chisonyezo chapadera cha izi - matenda am'mimba, zopindika za gawo lapansi. Nthawi yabwino imabwera pomwe mphukira zatsopano zimakhala zazitali masentimita asanu. Njira yokhazikitsira yokha ndiyokhazikika - kutulutsa phalaenopsis kuchokera ku gawo lakale, kuyang'anira ndi kudulira mizu, kubzala m'nthaka yatsopano. Mukabzala, ikani maluwa obiriwira obiriwira m'malo amdima.

Onerani kanema wonena za maluwa oyenera a orchid:

Kubereka

Kunyumba, orchid wobiriwira amaberekanso. Kuti muchite izi, chitsamba chachikulu chimagawika magawo, gawo lililonse liyenera kukhala ndi ma pseudobulbs osachepera atatu. Zakale za pseudobulbs zopanda masamba ndizoyeneranso kubereka, zomwe zimasiyanitsidwa ndikumera padera. Izi ziyenera kuchitika kutentha kwa 20-28 ℃ ndikupopera mbewu nthawi zonse mpaka mphukira ziwonekere. Pambuyo pake, chomeracho chimabzalidwa mumphika wosiyana.

MFUNDO: Ndi bwino kuti alimi osadziwa zambiri asabereke maluwa, chifukwa mutha kuwononga maluwa osasinthika.

Onerani kanema wonena za kubereka (kukonzanso) kwa orchid pogawa chitsamba:

Tizirombo ndi matenda

Matenda osapatsirana amatha kubweretsa kuwonongeka ndi kufa kwa ma orchids.chifukwa cha izi:

kutentha masamba chifukwa cha kuwala kwa dzuwa;
kutentha mu kutentha kotentha kwambiri;
kutentha kapena kutentha thupi kwa maola opitilira 10;
kusowa kwa kuwala, komwe kumachepetsa chitetezo cha maluwa;
Kuchuluka kapena kusowa kwa mchere kumabweretsa chizolowezi cha ma orchids ku matenda ndikusiya maluwa.

Zotsatira za mavuto onsewa akhoza kukhala matenda opatsirana - bowa, mabakiteriya ndi ma virus.

Tizilombo tofala kwambiri pa ma orchids: tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, mealybugs, nsabwe za m'masamba, thrips, nthata zofiira zofiira, ntchentche zoyera, nthata za kangaude. Pali tizirombo toyambitsa matenda totsutsana nawo, omwe ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutsatira malangizo omwe awonetsedwa.

Mapeto

Maluwawo ndi chomera chokha pakokha, ndipo chobiriwiracho chili ngati ngale pakati pa miyala. Zachilendo, zachilendo, zokongola, orchid wobiriwira sizidzawoneka konse... Samalirani bwino chomera chanu ndipo mudzatha kusilira kukongola kwake kwazaka zambiri.

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