Zoyenera kuchita ngati orchid ili ndi fusarium: chithunzi cha matendawa ndi malangizo amathandizidwe

Ma orchids pakati pa olima maluwa amawerengedwa kuti ndi maluwa opanda tanthauzo kwambiri m'nyumba omwe amafunikira chisamaliro chapadera, chifukwa amakula m'chilengedwe m'malo ena osati m'nthaka yomwe tidazolowera.

Chomera chachilendo ichi ndi chokongola kwambiri ndi maluwa osakhwima osiyanasiyana.

Pankhani yakukula ma orchid kunyumba, muyenera kuphunzira mosamala osati njira zosamalirira zokha, komanso matenda omwe maluwawo amatengeka.

Kodi Fusarium Rot ndi chiyani?

Monga lamulo, ma orchids amakhudzidwa ndi mitundu itatu ya matenda, chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda:

1. Zilonda za fungal - ochulukirachulukira ndi mitundu, amapezeka pamasamba ngati maluwa ndi mabala ofiira obiriwira, amakula mwachangu ndikupangitsa kuwonongeka kwa maluwa (pazomwe zimapangitsa masamba a orchid kuvunda ndi choti achite nawo, werengani apa).
2. Zilonda za bakiteriya - nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kuwola kwa ma rhizomes, pang'onopang'ono kufalikira ku chomera chonse, pomwe masamba a chomeracho amasintha utoto wobiriwira kukhala wachikasu wakuda, amakhala wokutidwa ndi mawanga ndi zilonda.
3. Matenda oyambitsa matenda, momwe masamba ake amakhala okutidwa ndi mawanga ngati mawonekedwe azithunzi zazithunzi zozungulira kapena zozungulira. Kuwonongeka kotereku kumaonedwa ngati kosachiritsika.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a orchid ndizosiyana - kusowa kwa dzuwa, kuchuluka kapena kusowa kwa chinyezi, kutenthedwa kapena kutentha thupi.

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, matenda ofala kwambiri ndi mafangasi a maluwa. Ndipo pakati pa fungus, fusarium ya orchids imafala kwambiri.

Fusarium ndi matenda obwera chifukwa cha bowa wa mtundu wa Fusarium... Amadziwika kuti ndi matenda opatsirana komanso opatsirana. Bowa amalowa mumaluwa kudzera pa mizere kapena mizu yoyandikira ya tsinde, komanso kudzera mu mbewu kapena mbande zomwe zimadwala fungal spores.

CHENJEZO: Mu ma orchid, amapezeka mumtundu wa Fusarium - muzu, wofotokozedwa pakuola kwa mizu yazomera, ndi tsinde, zomwe zimakhudza zimayambira, masamba ndi maluwa, kuzipangitsa kuti zizilakalaka. Bowa amaberekana kudzera m'mitundu yambiri (conidia) - wofiirira, woyera kapena pinki.

Poyamba kuwonetseredwa pamayendedwe ndi mizu yoyera ya pinki ya pinki ngati mipira yaying'ono, ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa chomeracho ndi maluwa ena ndikupitilira kuchipatala. Matenda a fungal a ziweto amachiritsidwa pokhapokha atangoyamba kumene, musanawononge mizu.

Chithunzi

Onani chithunzi cha fusarium mu ma orchid:

Zizindikiro

Kuberekana kwa fusarians mumizu kumatha miyezi 8 mpaka 1.5. Poyamba, mizu ya orchid, yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi ma fungus spores, imasanduka yofiira, ngati kuti imapeza utoto. Kenako zidutswa zimawoneka pamizu, ngati kuti zimangirizidwa mwamphamvu ndi ulusi. M'tsogolomu, mothandizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ma spores, malo ofiira a rhizomes amadetsedwa, ayamba kuvunda (mutha kudziwa momwe mungayambitsire maluwa orchid ngati mizu yawonongeka kapena yavunda kale pano).

Mafangayi amatulutsa poizoni wapadera amene amatuluka m'mitsuko ya michere, poizoni duwa ndikulepheretsa pang'onopang'ono. Poizoniyu amawoneka bwino pamagawo azomera ngati mphete zakuda bii pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi.

Zotsatira zake, chinyezi chimasiya kulowa m'maselo azomera, ndipo amayamba kufa chifukwa chosowa madzi. Madera omwe akukhudzidwa ndi tsinde amakhala ofiira, tsinde limakhala locheperako (tafotokozera mwatsatanetsatane zoyenera kuchita ngati pachimake pa orchid yawonongeka pano). Masamba amayamba kusanduka achikasu. Kukula kwa matenda kumayambira pamwamba pa ma orchid ndipo pang'onopang'ono kumafalikira maluwa onse.

Zoyambitsa

Monga amadziwika, fungal iliyonse imayamba kukulira m'malo abwino:

• feteleza owonjezera a nayitrogeni;
• kutsitsa kutentha m'nthaka;
• kuwonongeka kwa mizu panthawi yopatsirana kapena tizilombo tosiyanasiyana;
• madzi ochuluka mukamathirira;
• kutchuka kwa peat m'nthaka ya duwa;
• kusapezeka kwa tizilombo m'nthaka komwe kumalimbitsa ntchito zoteteza maluwa;
• kusowa kwa kayendedwe ka mpweya m'chipindacho;
• mchere wa nthaka.

Kuopsa kwake ndi chiyani?

Kuperewera kwa madzi omwe amalowa m'maselo azomera chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa ziwiya zoyendetsa ndi poizoni wa fungal, komanso kuwonongeka kwa rhizome chifukwa cha kuwola kumabweretsa kufota kwa zimayambira ndi masamba (werengani pazomwe zimayambitsa kuwola pa orchid ndi momwe mungachitire nazo pano). Komanso Chomera chodwala ndichowopsa maluwa oyandikana nawopopeza nthata za mafangasi zimafalikira kwambiri.

Chithandizo

Ngati fusarium itapezeka pa orchid, maluwa omwe ali ndi matendawa ayenera kukhala kutali ndi zomera zina ndikuyamba chithandizo, chomwe chili ndi magawo awa:

1. Chotsani chomeracho mumphika ndikutsuka ndi madzi ofunda.
2. Unikani ndi kudula zidutswa zilizonse zowola.
3. Dulani mafutawo ndi mpweya wothandizidwa womwe umasungunuka m'madzi kapena mankhwala opha tizilombo.
4. Youma duwa.
5. Sungani chomeracho kwathunthu (mizu, zimayambira, masamba, maluwa) ndi fungicide (Benomil, Fundazol, Topsin, Fundazim). Yankho la Fundazole lakonzedwa pamlingo wa 1 g. ufa pa 1 lita. madzi. Mankhwalawa amachitika katatu komanso pakadutsa masiku 10.
6. Bzalani maluwa mumphika watsopano.
7. Ikani mphika wamaluwa pamalo owala bwino, ofunda.
8. Pofuna kupewa, musanadzalemo, mutha kupemeranso gawo lapansi ndi yankho la Fundazol.
9. Mizu yokha ndiyomwe imathiriridwa; sipayenera kukhala chinyezi pamasamba ndi mitengo ikuluikulu.
10. Pofuna kuthirira, m'pofunikanso kugwiritsa ntchito fungicidal solution, yomwe, pamodzi ndi madzi, ikugwa mu duwa, idzachiritsa mkati.
11. Maluwawo ayenera kukhala pazithunzi kwa milungu itatu.

CHOFUNIKA: Njira zochiritsira monga kulowetsa m'madzi, kuyika malo otenthetsa sizithandiza m'matenda a orchids. Chinyezi chowonjezera chimangobweretsa kuchulukitsa kwa spores wa fungal.

Ngati chomeracho chikukhudzidwa ndi bowa, makamaka mizu, orchid iyenera kuwonongeka limodzi ndi nthaka. Kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kwa mphika kumatheka pokhapokha mutachotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mu njira ya sulfate yamkuwa (5%).

Fusarium bowa ndi olimba kwambiri mwachilengedwe. Nthawi zambiri, mpaka 70% ya spores imamwalira panthawi yachipatala, ndipo 30% imatha kulowa mumtundu wa hibernation ndikukhazikitsidwa patapita nthawi. Bowa amakhala nthawi yayitali m'nthaka komanso m'malo amtundu wakufa.

Kupewa

Pofuna kupewa chitukuko cha orchid fusarium, ndikwanira kutsatira malamulo oyendetsera maluwa:

• kuwongolera chinyezi cha mpweya ndi nthaka polowetsa mpweya mchipinda ndikumasula nthaka;
• kusunga kutentha (osachepera 15 madigiri);
• chitani gawo lapansi ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo musanabzala;
• pewani kuthirira mbewu pafupipafupi komanso kochuluka;
• nthaka ya peat ndi thovu pulasitiki sayenera kupitirira 20%;
• dulani maluwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse kupewa mchere wothira madzi;
• mukamapereka feteleza, sungani zikhalidwe zoyambira zinthu;
• perekani kuyatsa kokwanira kwa ma orchid;
• kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse mbewu ndi nthaka mumphika.

Kusamaliranso

CHOFUNIKA: Orchid itakhala ndi matenda a fungal, m'pofunika, pasanathe miyezi itatu kuchokera pomwe matenda adapezeka, kuti muchiritse chomera ndi kuthirira mizu ndi yankho la fungicides.

Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti musinthe maluwa patsiku lothirira, pomwe chinyezi chambiri chikupitilira. Maluwawo amasamalidwa bwino pakukula kwa chomeracho, kuyang'anira kwambiri mphukira zatsopano.

Pofuna kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano pa orchid, gwiritsani phala ndi hormone cytokinin... Mphika wamaluwa uyenera kuyikidwa mchipinda chofunda, chopepuka. Poterepa, kuunika kwa dzuwa kuyenera kupewedwa. Masamba a chomeracho amdima ndi kusowa kwa kuwala, ngati atasanduka chikasu - izi zikuwonetsa kupitilira kwa kuwala ndi kutentha.

Alimi odziwa bwino amalangiza kuti asankhe miphika yapulasitiki yopepuka kapena yowonekera kuti ateteze mizu kuti isatenthe. Poonetsetsa kuti mizu ilowetse mpweya wabwino, mabowo ambiri amapangidwa pansi pamphikawo, ndipo pansi pake pamaphimbidwa ndi ngalande.

Ma orchids amathiriridwa kutengera nyengo - chilimwe masiku atatu alionse, nthawi yozizira - masiku khumi aliwonse. Ma orchids amakonda chinyezi kwambiri, motero zimathandiza kuti nthawi ndi nthawi muzitsuka mbewu ndi madzi ofunda. Pofuna kupewa kukula kwa bowa, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika bwino m'mawa, kuti chinyezi pamasamba chikhale ndi nthawi yotuluka nthunzi.

Kudya koyenera ndi feteleza wapadera ndikofunikira kwambiri ku chomera chofooka. M'nyengo yozizira, feteleza imachitika nthawi imodzi m'masiku 30, pakumera mphukira zatsopano, feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito milungu iwiri iliyonse.

Kutsiliza ndi kumaliza

Kutsata malamulo onse osamalira maluwa achilendowa komanso njira zodzitetezera zitha kupewa matenda oopsa a orchid monga fusarium. Chifukwa chothandizidwa munthawi yake komanso chisamaliro chapadera, chomeracho chidzakondweretsa ena kwa nthawi yayitali ndi maluwa ake odabwitsa, okongola komanso osakhwima.