Zoyenera kuchita ngati orchid ili ndi pakati yovunda? Zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa thunthu, njira zothandizira

Ma orchids, monga zamoyo zina, amakhala ndi matenda. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa chosagwira bwino ntchito, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso magawo anyumba.

Akatswiri a zamaluwa amalangiza mwamphamvu kuti mupende mosamala chomeracho mukamagula m'sitolo, chifukwa zizindikilo zambiri zimatsimikizika powonekera. Pofuna kuti musapeze chomera chodwala, komanso kuti musapatsire ziweto zina.

Chifukwa chachikulu cha kuvunda kwa maluwa mu orchid ndi kupezeka kwa mabakiteriya ndi bowa.

Tanthauzo ndi zizindikilo zakunja kwa kuwola kwa thunthu

Kutupa ndikutanthauzira kwakukulu kwa matenda omwe amayamba ndi bowa wa phytopathogenic ndi mabakiteriya. Pakukula, kuvunda kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa masamba, zimayambira, mizu, pamalo otsogola kwambiri - kumaliza kuwola, kuyanika komanso kufa msanga kwa maluwa okongoletsa.

Werengani zambiri za chifukwa chomwe masamba a orchid amavunda komanso choti muchite nawo, werengani apa.

Zizindikiro zakunja: timadontho tating'ono timadontho timayambira pa tsinde kapena pansi pa zosowa, zomwe zimakula pakapita nthawi. Chodabwitsa ichi chimaphatikizapo chikasu kapena kuda kwa masamba m'munsi, omwe amagwa onse.

Mkhalidwe wa orchid umadziwika ndi:

• kufooka;
• kutaya owononga;
• zokometsera zimawonongeka;
• Kutalika kwa maluwa kumachepa;
• Njira za photosynthesis nthawi zambiri zimaletsedwa;
• kukula kumaima.

Zotsatira

Choopsa kwambiri ndi pamene duwa limayamba kuvunda kuchokera pakati, chifukwa mitundu yambiri ya orchid ili ndi gawo limodzi lokula. Ikamwalira, chomeracho sichitha kupitiliza kukula, kenako chimamwalira.

Komanso, pakatikati penipeni kapena pakhosi, orchid imasiya masamba ake. Masamba amakhala ofewa, osakhazikika. Amagwa pa tsinde, chomeracho chimapinda ngati womanga. Komanso, mizu yawonongeka. Kuti mumve zambiri zamomwe mungasungire maluwa orchid ngati mizu yawonongeka kapena yaola kale, werengani nkhaniyi.

Pakakhala chinyezi chambiri mchipinda, madera omwe akhudzidwa ndi mbewuyo amadzaza ndi mbewu zowola, zomwe zimatha kufalikira kumaluwa apafupi. Ngati njira zadzidzidzi sizikutengedwa munthawi yake ndipo chifukwa chofalitsira zowola chimathetsedwa. Mwa njira iyi, maluwawo amatha kupulumutsidwa ku imfa yosapeweka. Zowonadi, m'magawo omaliza, palibe chomwe chingathandize.

Zimayambitsa kuvunda

Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zowola. Muyenera kuwamvetsetsa bwino.

Mawotchi kuwonongeka

Kuvunda kumatha kuwonekera chifukwa chophukha kapena kuvulaza gawo la mbewu. Pambuyo pake, palibe thandizo loyamba lomwe linaperekedwa. Gawo lowonongeka silinalandiridwe ndi antiseptic munthawi yake, ndipo chifukwa chake, tsinde lawola.

Frostbite

Olima osadziŵa zambiri sasamala za kuthirira. Konzani shawa lotentha pamaluwa, pomwe madzi amakhalabe m'makona a masamba. M'chilimwe, zachidziwikire, palibe chodandaula. Ndikutentha kwamlengalenga ndi dzuwa lowala, m'maola angapo sipadzakhala pang'ono. Ndizoti mungayike chomera chonyowa pansi pa kunyezimira kwa dzuwa. Zotsatira zake ndizowonongeka chifukwa cha kutenthedwa, komwe kudzakhala kofanana ndi zizindikilo monga hypothermia.

Zinthu zimaipiraipira m'nyengo yozizira, ngati zenera lomwe maluwa a orchid amakhalapo ndi mwala, ndipo mpweya wozizira umadutsa chimango. Kenako madzi omwe ali muming'alu ya minofu sangasungunuke, koma amakhala kwa nthawi yayitali.

Chinyezi chochuluka m'malo owala bwino

Nthawi zambiri, maluwa aliwonse amakhala ndi kuwala kwawo. Pamwamba pake imakula ndikukula, ndipo pansi pake imagona. M'mitengo yokhazikika, njira zofunikira zimayimitsidwa, safunikira kuthira feteleza ndi feteleza amchere, kuthirira pafupipafupi. Pakadali pano, duwa silimatengera chinyezi chochuluka monga, mwachitsanzo, mu gawo lokula, chifukwa chake, zochulukazo zimasonkhana ndikupangitsa kuvunda.

Matenda a fungal ndi bakiteriya

Kuphwanya magawo a microclimate mchipindamo kumabweretsa chitukuko cha matenda opatsirana. Izi ndizothekanso ngati boma lokhalitsa anthu sakuwona. Ngati matenda a fungal ndi bakiteriya amapezeka, maluwa omwe akudwalawo ayenera kupatulidwa mwachangu, chifukwa matendawa amafalikira mwachangu kwambiri.

Mutha kudziwa zambiri zomwe mungachite ngati orchid ili ndi fusarium, komanso onani chithunzi cha matenda a fungal, apa.

Zizindikiro zakugonjetsedwa

Kupezeka kwa kuvunda kwa ma orchid kumatsimikizika kutengera kupezeka kwa zizindikiro izi:

• masamba amataya kukhathamira kwawo, mtundu wowala, kamvekedwe;
• Tsitsi lofiirira limapezeka m'munsi mwa tsamba;
• kufa msanga ndi msipu wobiriwira;
• mawonekedwe a mdima pakhosi kapena thunthu;
• mawanga a bulauni amawoneka pa inflorescence;
• zotsalira za sporulation zimawoneka pamakoma a mphika wamaluwa;
• chomasuka, chosakhazikika pamwamba pa chomeracho.

Kodi njira yabwino kwambiri ndi yotani?

Mafungicides amaonedwa kuti ndi mankhwala othandiza kwambiri popewera ndikuchiza njira zowola. Izi ndi ndalama zomwe zimachotsa matenda omwe amayambitsa matendawa. Zigawo za fungicides ndi izi:

• mkuwa;
• manganese;
• mercury;
• zinthu zakuthupi;
• aldehyde.

Mankhwala othandiza odana ndi zowola:

1. Woyenerera-M yoyenera kuchiza matenda a fungal ndi bakiteriya.
2. Quadrix - mankhwala otakata, opangidwa pamaziko a azoxystrobin mankhwala, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekeza ndi zochizira.
3. Sulphate yamkuwa kutengera sulphate yamkuwa, zotsatira zabwino zimawonedwa pakatha maola atatu.
4. Mikosan othandiza m'magawo oyamba a matendawa, amatsegula ntchito ya lectins, imathandizira chitetezo chamthupi.
5. Bordeaux madzi, anapanganso pamaziko a yankho lamkuwa. Mulinso laimu wochepetsera acidity ya nthaka.

Ngati duwa silikuwonongeka pang'ono, ndiye kuti, matenda ali mgawo loyambirira, ndiye kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azitsamba:

• Yankho la ayodini. Sungunulani madontho 5 a mankhwala mu malita 5 a madzi, perekani chomeracho kamodzi pa sabata.
• Tincture wa adyo. Kuumirira 100 g wa mankhusu a adyo mu malita 10 a madzi ofunda tsiku limodzi.
• Kulowetsedwa mpiru. 50 g wa ufa wa mpiru umathiridwa ndi malita 5 a madzi otentha. Kusakaniza kumeneku kuli koyenera masiku awiri m'malo amdima, musanagwiritse ntchito, pewani ndi madzi 1: 1.

M'magawo amtsogolo, sichingagwirizane mwanjira iliyonse popanda chemistry. Inde, njira zachikhalidwe ndizosavuta kuchita, sizowopsa kapena zowopsa, koma sizothandiza nthawi zonse. Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yodzitetezera.

Malangizo pazomwe mungachite kutengera gawo lomwe lakhudzidwa

Ma orchids amatha kutengeka ndi mitundu yonse ya matenda. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuzindikira nthawi yomweyo zizindikirazo kuti mumvetsetse zoyenera kuchita ngati kukula, pakati kapena pakhosi pamunsi pa tsamba lawola. Tsoka ilo, mamembala am'banja la Orchid nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi zowola. Izi zikukhudzana mwachindunji ndi mndende zolakwika.

Kukula

Choyamba ndikudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa. Ngati kuwonongeka kwa makina, kutentha kwambiri, kapena hypothermia kuli ndi vuto, ndiye kuti palibe chifukwa chodzipatula. Ngati pali peduncle yokhala ndi masamba, iyenera kudulidwa, kusiya gawo limodzi ndi masamba 2-3.

Kodi muyenera kuchita chiyani ngati kukula kukuwola? Chithandizo chidzakhala motere:

1. Chotsani minofu yonse yowonongeka kuti pasakhale madontho akuda kulikonse.
2. Thirani zigawozo.
3. Pa matenda opatsirana mu orchids kapena ngati njira yodzitetezera ku infestation, ma fungicides apakhungu ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
4. Unikani maluwa omwe ali ndi matendawa pafupipafupi kuti muwone ngati kuwonongeka kuyambiranso.
5. Mphukira pa peduncle imatha kuthandizidwa ndi phala la cytokinin hormonal kuti likhale ndi mawonekedwe a ana.

Zovuta

Pofuna kupewa kuwola kufalikira mkati mwa duwa, muyenera kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu:

1. Chotsani malo onse ovunda mpaka minofu yamoyo.
2. Kuchotsa kwathunthu kwathunthu ndikotheka.
3. Mukamaliza kudula, tengani chidacho ndi mowa.
4. Kutentha zilondazo ndi ayodini kapena wobiriwira wonyezimira, sinamoni wapansi, mpweya wotsegulidwa.
5. Onetsetsani momwe mbewu zimakhalira.
6. Ngati pakapita kanthawi muwona kuwola kwatsopano, bwerezani njira yovula.

Khosi

Zizindikiro zowola: masamba amatembenukira chikasu, ndikugwa pakhosi pa tsinde. Zimakhala zovuta kuwona matendawa mowoneka, chifukwa kuvunda kumachitika m'khosi mokha.

Zoyambitsa:

• kuthirira pafupipafupi;
• kukhomera mizu yayitali panthaka yonyowa;
• otsika yozungulira kutentha.

Chithandizo:

1. Konzani tsamba lakuthwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
2. Tinadula gawo lonse lowola la khosi kukhala minofu yamoyo.
3. Timatsuka magawo ndi tsamba.
4. Sanjani nthaka ndikubzala ndi 0.2% yankho la mankhwala Fundazol kapena Topsin. Thirani kukonzekera molunjika pachilonda cha chomeracho.
5. Ndondomeko ikuyenera kuchitika katatu kapena pakadutsa milungu iwiri.
6. Timalowetsa mphika m'malo mwake, tiyembekezere kuwonekera kwa mwana wam'mbali.

Kupewa

Kwa nthawi yoyamba mutadulidwa, onetsetsani kuti mwatsatira izi:

• Kusunga kutentha kwabwino nthawi yotentha: + 22-25 ° C, m'nyengo yozizira + 16-18 ° C. Kusiyanitsa kwakusiyana kwa kutentha sikuyenera kupitirira 5 ° C. Kutentha kwapamwamba + 25 ° C komanso chinyezi chapamwamba, matenda am'fungasi amakula, ndipo kutentha kumakhala pansi pa + 15 ° C - bakiteriya.
• Chinyezi pakati pa 50-60%.
• Mu sabata yoyamba, musamwetse, ndiyeno kamodzi pakatha masiku 7-10, pakati pa nthaka iyenera kuuma kwathunthu.
• Onetsetsani kuti muchotse madzi omwe akuyenda m'masamba atathirira.
• Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera mchere.
• Kuunikira kumafunikira kusiyanasiyana, osati kowala.
• Tsitsani chipinda nthawi zonse, koma sungani mpweya wozizira kutali ndi orchid.

Ndikofunika kuti onse okonda maluwa azikumbukira: chomera chimakumana ndi matenda pokhapokha zikafooka. Maluwa achilendo ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira, sawopa chilichonse. Tsatirani malamulo oyang'anira chisamaliro, ndiye kuti simuyenera kuchita zinthu mwadzidzidzi.