Kukula kwa agave kunyumba, kumusamalira pambuyo pake, komanso mawonekedwe a maluwa

Agave, chodabwitsa chokoma chotumizidwa kuchokera kumadera ouma a Mexico ndi North America kale m'zaka za zana la 16, ili pamndandanda wazomera zanyumba zotchuka zomwe ndizosavuta kusamalira kunyumba. Ichi ndi chomera cha nthawi yayitali chokhala ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza; chimakongoletsedwa ndi minda yachisanu ndi malo obiriwira m'nyumba zakumpoto ndi kotentha, ndikukula m'malo otseguka m'mbali mwa Nyanja Yakuda komanso m'maiko a Mediterranean.

Pali mitundu pafupifupi 300 ya agave, kukula kwake kumayambira masentimita angapo mpaka 5 mita. Zomera zotchuka kwambiri zokulira kunyumba (pamalo osatsekedwa) ndizomera zazing'ono komanso zocheperako, mwachitsanzo, filamentous, Funka, Tumi, Mfumukazi Victoria agave. Kwa malo obiriwira, American and Parras ndiabwino.

Kodi ndi nthawi yanji yabwino kubzala mbewu?

Miyezi ya masika ndi yabwino kubzala agave.... Agave imafunikira mpweya wabwino komanso kuwala kwa dzuwa kuti izikhala munthaka ndikukula mwamphamvu.

Nthaka yochokera kumsika wamaluwa sioyenera kukhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa mukangogula, muyenera kuthana ndi vuto lakuika wina.

Kusankha dothi

Kumtchire, agave amazolowera mchenga komanso miyala yamchenga.... M'sitolo yamaluwa, mutha kugula dothi lapadera la zokoma (yucca, dracaena, mitengo ya kanjedza), kapena kukonzekera nokha. Pachifukwa ichi muyenera kutenga:

• Magawo atatu a nthaka yadothi;
• Gawo limodzi lamasamba;
• Gawo limodzi mchenga wamtsinje.

Olima maluwa odziwa zambiri amalangiza kuwonjezera laimu, makala ndi chakudya cha mafupa mumchenga, zomwe ndizofunikira kutetezera nthaka ndikuwonjezera chonde.

Momwe mungakulire kunyumba?

Agave imafalikira m'njira zingapo.:

• mbewu;
• zodulira ma rhizomes;
• ana.

Ndiye mumamera bwanji mbewu izi m'njira zosiyanasiyana?

Kuchokera mbewu

Kufesa

Mukakula kuchokera ku mbewu, kuchuluka kwa nyerere kumera ndikokwera, ngakhale kuti mbewu zimakula nthawi yayitali ndipo njira yokhayo imakhala yovuta kwambiri. Mashelufu ogulitsa m'maluwa amapereka mbewu zambiri, koma zosakanikirana za mitundu yosiyanasiyana zimayenera kupewedwa chifukwa zimatha kufunikira mosiyanasiyana kuti zikule.

Mbeu za Agave nthawi zambiri zimakhala zakuda komanso zosalala. Nthawi zambiri, kukula kumakhala kofanana ndi kukula kwa chomera chokhwima kale. Zing'onozing'ono sizoposa 2 mm m'mimba mwake, zazikulu kwambiri ndizoposa sentimita imodzi.

Iyenera kufesedwa kumayambiriro kwa masika m'nthaka mpaka 0.5-1 masentimita. Kuti muwonetsetse kuti palibe bowa, mbewu za udzu ndi tizirombo mu gawo lapansi lodzala, liyenera kuyatsidwa: sungani kwa mphindi 20-30 kutentha kwa madigiri 60. Mutatha kusefa.

Chidebe chachikulu, chosaya ndi choyenera kufesa mbewu zambiri zamtundu womwewo. Ngati mukufuna, magalasi kapena magawo apulasitiki atha kuyikamo. Gawo lomalizidwa limatsanuliridwa mumiphika kapena zotengera pobzala, ndikuziyika pa thireyi ndi madzi ndikusunga mpaka dothi limatenga chinyezi.

Musanadzalemo, nyembazo zitha kuthiriridwa kale ndi othandizira (mwachitsanzo Fitosporin) kapena cholimbikitsira. Izi zidzakuthandizani kuthetsa matenda omwe angayambitse bakiteriya ndi fungal.

Mbeu zazikulu ziyenera kufalikira mofanana pamtunda, ndipo zazing'ono ziyenera kuthiridwa mosamala. Kenako amapopera mankhwala kuchokera ku botolo la utsi ndi madzi osefedwa ofunda ndikuwaza mchenga.

Mchengawo uyenera kukhala wapakatikati kukula: wonenepa kwambiri ukhoza kutentha zomera zazing'ono, ndipo chabwino - simenti pamwamba pake ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti mphukira zimere.

Migwirizano

• Kutentha kokwanira kofesa mbewu zambiri ndi madigiri 20 usiku ndi 25-30 masana. Kutsika kwa kutentha kwa usiku kumakhala ndi phindu, chifukwa kumabwereza kusintha kwachilengedwe.
• Kutentha ndi kuwunika ndikofunikira kwa ana ophuka, apo ayi sangakhale ndi moyo. Ayenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa ndi mauna owonekera. Ndi kusowa kwa kuwala kwachilengedwe, konzekerani kuyatsa kopangira, osakhala ndi kutentha - kotentha kwambiri. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mabatire kapena kupanga zotentha zokha ndi chowerengetsera nthawi. Chipindacho chimafunikira mpweya wokwanira pafupipafupi, ndipo chidebecho (chowonjezera kutentha) chimayenera kutsegulidwa kawiri patsiku. Ndikofunika kuwunika momwe zomera zimakhalira.
• Chinyezi chiyenera kusungidwa moyenera ndikuwongolera motsutsana ndi nkhungu ndi tizirombo. Ma midge ang'onoang'ono amatha kuwononga ntchito zonse ngati mawonekedwe awo akusowa ndipo sanatenge nthawi.

Tsamba loyamba lidzawoneka pafupifupi masiku 15-20, ndipo mwina ili ndiye gawo lokondedwa kwambiri kwa amalima maluwa. Pakadutsa milungu iwiri, masambawo amatambasula mpaka masentimita 8 m'litali, ndipo rosette imayamba kupangika nthawi yomweyo ndi tsamba lachinayi. Patatha masiku 20 masamba 4, 5 awoneka, motero mbewu yonse imayamba pang'onopang'ono.

Tumizani

Agave omwe akukula pang'onopang'ono amafunika kubzalidwa pakatha chaka, omwe akukula mwachangu - patatha miyezi ingapo.

Zikhala zofunikira kutcha miphika yonseyo pomamatira pamtengo uliwonse: dzina la mbewu yomwe yapatsidwa ndi chiyani, kuchuluka kwake, dzina la wogulitsa ndi zidziwitso zonse zodziwika. Izi zithandizira mtsogolomo kuti zisasokoneze mbewu: agave ambiri mchaka choyamba chokula amafanana kwambiri.

Chaka chotsatira, agave amafunika kumuika mumphika masentimita 3-4 kupitilira apo, ndipo m'zaka zotsatira, kumuika kumafunika zaka 2-3 zilizonse.

Kufalikira kwa Leaf

Kufalikira ndi tsamba, agave amakula msanga ndikufika maluwa:

1. Tsamba lalikulu lobiriwira lopanda mawanga amadulidwa mosamala ndi mpeni m'munsi.
2. Youma kwa maola 4-5.
3. Anabzala m'miphika yokonzeka yodzaza ndi dothi.

Kukula:

• Kutentha kuyenera kukhala + 21-24 madigiri.
• Kuthirira mpaka kuzika kwathunthu kumakhala kochepa.
• Simuyenera kuphimba mphika.

Masamba amayamba kutuluka patatha milungu ingapo.

Ana

Mukabereka ana, chomera chatsopano chimakhala ndi mizu yamphamvu, koma chomeracho sichidzakula. Ikamatulutsidwa ndi ana mu agave:

1. Ana omwe amapangidwa kumapeto kwa thunthu amasiyanitsidwa ndi mfundo yovomerezeka panthambi iliyonse.
2. Zidutswazi zimakonkhedwa ndi ufa wamakala ndikuuma kwa maola 4-5.
3. Amabzalidwa panthaka yonyowa.

Kukula:

• Kukula pa + 20 kutchire.
• Kuthirira koyamba kumakonzedwa m'masiku atatu. Kutsirira kuyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kwambiri, mumtsinje wochepa thupi, kuti musasambe nthaka.
• Osapopera kapena kuphimba ndi galasi.

Ana agave amayamba mizu nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Mutabzala, agave amafuna chinyezi chokwanira sabata yoyamba. Zomera zazing'ono zimafunikira kuunika kowala kuchokera padzuwa lowala kwambiri.

Bwanji ngati sichikula?

Monga chomera chilichonse, agave amatenga nthawi kuti azolowere nthaka ndi malo atsopano. Mphukira imatenga milungu ingapo kuti izike mizu... Ngati pambuyo pa nthawiyi pali china chake cholakwika ndi chomeracho, ndiye kuti pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo:

• mizu ndi masamba a chomeracho zinawonongeka pakuika;
• agave amatha kuzizira, kusowa kwa kutentha kumakhudza.

Mutha kuyesa kuthira madzi panthaka ndi supuni ya uchi yochepetsedwa (supuni 1 pa malita 5 a madzi). Uchi ndi womwe umalimbikitsa. Chomeracho chiyenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti chiwonongeke ndi tizirombo, kuti tiwone ngati mizu yadzaza madzi, ngati kuli kofunikira, kuti iokere.

Malamulo oyambira

• Kutentha boma... Chomera cha Agave ndi thermophilic. Chifukwa chake, chipinda chimayenera kukhala + 20-25 madigiri mchilimwe, osakhala ochepera + 10 m'nyengo yozizira.

  M'miyezi yotentha ya chilimwe, ndibwino kuti mutengeko mphepo mumlengalenga (mutha kuibzala pabedi la maluwa) kapena kuwulutsa nyumbayo pafupipafupi.

• Kuyatsa... Agave amakonda kusamba ndi kuwala kowala, chomera chachikulire sichimawopa kuwala kwachindunji, kotero masiku a dzuwa amatha kuyikidwa pazenera kapena m'makhonde mopanda mantha. Ndi bwino kusankha zenera lakumwera.

  M'nyengo yozizira, kuyatsa kowonjezera kuyenera kuperekedwa. Popanda kuwala, masamba a agave amakhala ochepa, chomeracho chimatambasula ndikusiya kukongola kwake. Kuunikira, mungagwiritse ntchito nyali za fulorosenti. Agave imamva bwino m'zipinda zowuma ndi chinyezi chosaposa 40%.

• Nthaka... Agave imafunikira gawo lapansi lamadzi ndi mpweya, lotayirira, losauka mu nayitrogeni, koma yopatsa thanzi. Mutha kugula dothi lokonzedwa bwino la cacti, kapena kupanga gawo lapansi lokha, pogwiritsa ntchito masamba ndi dothi loumba ndi mchenga ndi michere.

  Ngalande yabwino ndiyofunika kwambiri kwa agave, chifukwa chake dothi lokulitsa kapena njerwa zofiira zophwanyika ziyenera kuikidwa pansi pa mphika kuti zisawononge chinyezi. Gulu makulidwe - 2-3 cm.

• Kusankha mphika... Agave imafuna miphika yopyapyala (yokhala ndi mulifupi mwake kutalika kwa 1: 1), yotakata, koma osati yakuya kwambiri, yokhala ndi mabowo pansi.

  Kukula kumasankhidwa ndi malire a kukula kwamtsogolo kwa mizu.

• Zovala zapamwamba... Kuti mbeu ikule mwachangu kwambiri, imafunika kudyetsedwa nthawi yokula, kuyambira Epulo mpaka Seputembala, kamodzi pamwezi.

  Pogwiritsa ntchito zovala zapamwamba, feteleza amchere a cacti kapena zosakaniza zapadera za zigaza. Amakhala ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu ambiri, ndipo gawo la nayitrogeni ndilotsika. Mutha kuwonjezera fupa kapena superphosphate mu gawo lapansi. Ndikofunikira kukhalabe ochuluka osadutsa chomeracho, apo ayi chitha kubweretsa zovuta zokula.

  Kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Marichi, mbewuzo sizimagona. Simungathe kuwadyetsa.

• Kuthirira... M'chilimwe, kuthirira kuyenera kukhala kokhazikika, koma pang'ono, osapitilira katatu pa sabata. Nthaka sayenera kukhala youma kapena yonyowa, koma yonyowa. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumadalira kutentha: agave imathiriridwa kamodzi pa sabata ngati kutentha kuli mpaka madigiri 10 ndipo nthawi 2-3 ngati yayikirapo.

  Kusamala kuyenera kuchitidwa pano, chifukwa chinyezi chambiri pamazizira otsika chimapangitsa kuvunda kwa mizu ndi zimayambira. Ndizosatheka kulola kuti kuyanika konse kwadothi ndikunyanja. Madzi othirira ayenera kusefedwa (kukhazikika) ndi kutentha. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito madzi osungunuka kapena amtsinje.

  Mukamwetsa, musalowe mu malo ogulitsira komanso pamasamba. Pamasiku otentha, madontho amadzi pamasamba amatha kuyambitsa. Ndi otetezeka kwambiri kuthirira mumphasa. Agave safuna kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, koma masamba ake ayenera kutsukidwa msanga ndi fumbi ndi nsalu yofewa, osayiwala kuyiyanika pambuyo pake. Kupanda kutero, njira zowola zimatha kuyamba.

Mawonekedwe:

• M'madera otentha pang'ono, agave nthawi zambiri amalimidwa panja, koma m'malo ozizira ozizira, mumiphika kapena zotengera. M'dzinja, kutentha kukamatsika, amalowetsedwa m'chipinda chozizira, chowala cha "nyengo yachisanu" ndipo kumeneko amawasamalira malinga ndi malamulo wamba.
• Dera lokuliralo liyenera kukhala lamchenga kapena lamchenga loam, lowuma komanso lokwanira bwino.
• Kukula kwa agave panja kumafunikira madzi ochepa kuposa kukula mumtsuko.

Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

• Masamba owuma... Chomeracho chikakhala ndi madzi, masamba ake amayamba kuuma ndi kumira. Kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa.
• Chifukwa? masamba amasanduka achikasu? Poterepa, nkhaniyi ndiyotentha kwambiri. Duwa liyenera kusunthidwa kutali ndi komwe limatenthetsa.
• Mafangayi... Anthracnose, bowa, nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'matope. Amawonetsedwa ngati mawanga achikasu achikaso ozunguliridwa ndi imvi kumalire ndi masamba. Minofu m'malo amenewa imadzazidwa ndi zilonda, kenako nkufa. Pofuna kuchotsa bowa, chomeracho chiyenera kuthandizidwa ndi fungicidal kukonzekera pogwiritsa ntchito mkuwa, kutsatira mosamalitsa malangizo awa:
  1. Fundazol.
  2. Kulimbitsa thupi.
  3. Pamwamba.
• Chishango... Ma agave akawonongeka ndi zikwanje zokhala ndi chinkhupule chothonje chothiridwa ndi madzi okhala ndi sopo wambiri, pukutani masamba onse ndi tsinde kuthetseratu coccidus - choloza chomata.

  Ndi bwino kuphimba nthaka ndi pulasitiki. Chigoba chaching'ono chimasonkhanitsidwa ndi nsalu yonyowa pokonza. Pamapeto pake, duwa limatsukidwa pansi pa kusamba, ndipo tsiku lotsatira amachiritsidwa ndi yankho lapadera (Actellik). Njirayi imabwerezedwa 2-3 pamwezi.

• Aphid... Zotsatirazi sizingawononge tizilombo tokha, komanso nsabwe za m'masamba - "mliri" wina wowopsa wa khwangwala.

  Thirani 10 ml wa mowa ndi 15 ml wa sopo wamadzi mu lita imodzi yamadzi otentha, kumenya bwino ndikupaka thovu kumalo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Pakadutsa maola 12, tsukani chomeracho pansi ndikusamba ndikuuma. Njira zitatu ndizokwanira m'masabata atatu. Ngati mwawonongeka kwambiri, mutha kuyesa mankhwala ophera tizilombo:

  1. Chilolezo.
  2. Zithunzithunzi.
  3. Kuyanjana.
• Kangaude... Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timadziwika kuti ndi chonde komanso mphamvu, choncho, m'pofunika kuti nthawi yomweyo mugwiritse ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo:
  1. Zolemba.
  2. Fufanon.
  3. Apollo.

Kupewa kukula kwa matenda mu agave sivuta kwambiri:

• kusamalira chomeracho mosamala, kutsatira malingaliro oyenera kuthirira ndi kudyetsa;
• mpweya chipinda;
• thirani madzi osasunthika poto;
• osagwiritsa ntchito nthaka yakale ndi ngalande.

Chomera chatsopano chogulidwa chikuyenera kupatula maluwa ena onse kwa milungu ingapo ndipo amayendera pafupipafupi "ziweto" zobiriwira.

Mapeto

Agave ikwanira bwino m'nyumba iliyonse: chomera chodzichepetsachi chikhoza kukondweretsa mwini wake kwa nthawi yayitali kuphatikiza ndi zokoma zina kapena maluwa ena aliwonse. Ndi mawonekedwe ake okongola, ndiyabwino kukongoletsa nyimbo muofesi, mabedi owonjezera kutentha ndi minda yachisanu. Pothokoza chisamaliro kuti musangopatsa chisangalalo m'maso, komanso phindu lenileni.

Onerani kanemayo: CHANCO YAKU MZUZU (September 2024).