Njira ziwiri zofalitsira mapeyala oyipa, zabwino zake ndi zovuta zake, komanso malangizo mwatsatane-tsatane wobzala nkhadze

Malo ochulukirachulukira a peyala ndi Mexico, zigawo za Kumpoto ndi South America, West Indies. Pali mitundu ya mapeyala odabwitsa omwe adabweretsedwa ku Mediterranean, Australia, India komanso kumwera kwa Russia, komwe akumva bwino. Mitundu ina yamtunduwu yamtundu wa cactus mwachilengedwe imakula mpaka 5 m kutalika. Opuntia ili ndi zimayambira zowoneka bwino, zokhala ndi mitsempha yayikulu ndi yaying'ono. Cactus imamasula ndi maluwa okongola achikasu, lalanje ndi ofiira. M'nkhaniyi, tiphunzira za kufalikira kwa peyala yamtengo wapatali, mitundu yofalitsa ndi kusamalira chomeracho chitatha.

Kodi nthawi yabwino kwambiri pachaka kuti mufalitse nkhadze ndi iti?

Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake akunja komanso maluwa okongola, peyala yamtengo wapatali imakhala yotchuka kwambiri panyumba yamaluwa. Kupanga kwake sikovuta kwambiri, koma kuli ndi mawonekedwe ake.

Nthawi yabwino kuswana kwa nkhadze ndi masika ndi chilimwe.... Mitengo ya cuttings imayamba mosavuta kuyambira Meyi mpaka Seputembala, ndipo mbewu zimafesedwa bwino mu Marichi. Ngati mumafalitsa peyala yamtengo wapatali panthawiyi, ndiye kuti zovuta ndi kuzika mizu ndizochepa, chifukwa mbewu zazing'ono zimadzaza ndi mphamvu.

Koma m'nyengo yozizira, mphukira yaying'ono imatha kuzika mizu, popeza nthawi yachisanu ya cacti ndi nthawi yopuma. Izi ziyenera kuchitika pokhapokha ngati peyala yolimba isungidwa, ngati chomeracho chikudwala ndipo chitha kufa kwathunthu.

Zinthu zamphika ndi kukula kwake

Podzala mapeyala oyipa ziribe kanthu kaya mphika umapangidwa ndi chiyani, maluwa onse adzachitan. Iyenera kukhala yotakata komanso yosaya. Chinthu chachikulu ndikofunikira kukhalapo kwa ngalande pansi pa thankiyo. Bowo litha kukhala lalikulu limodzi (mpaka 0,5 mm m'mimba mwake) kapena zing'onozing'ono zingapo.

Ngati mphika wa cactus wakonzedwa kuti uikidwe pa mipando ndipo madzi sayenda bwino, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kupanga ngalande yochulukirapo pansi pa mphika wamaluwa. Kukula kwa mphika kumadalira kukula kwa chomeracho. Mu chidebe chachikulu, nkhadzeyo imera mizu ndikukula pang'onopang'ono.

Kapangidwe ka dziko lapansi

Opuntia, monga zomera zonse za nkhadze, imakonda nthaka yolimba ndi yotakasuka. Malo oterowo amatha kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mchenga, vermiculite, miyala. Nthaka ya cacti iyenera kukhala madzi ndi mpweya woyenera ndipo isakhale ndi feteleza (manyowa, ndowe za mbalame, ndi zina zambiri), popeza nayitrogeni imakhudza kukula kwa mbewuzo.

Pali nthaka yonse yomwe ili yoyenera mapeyala:

• Magawo awiri adziko lopanda dothi lopanda chomera ndi mizu yaudzu;
• Magawo awiri a masamba a humus (opanda nthambi ndi nthambi);
• Magawo awiri amchenga wamtsinje wosalala wolimba;
• Gawo limodzi, lokhala ndimalo ofanana amakala ndi njerwa zosweka (zopukutidwa bwino komanso zopanda fumbi).

Kwa malita 3.5 a chisakanizochi, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera supuni ya tiyi ya chikho chosweka kapena choko wosweka, ochepa wa vermiculite ndi supuni ya supuni ya superphosphate.

Kukula ndi mbewu

Ubwino wofalitsa mbewu ndikuti Chomera chomwe chimamera kuchokera ku mbewu chimakhala cholimba komanso cholimba... Cactus, yomwe idatuluka m'mbewu, kuyambira kubadwa kumene imasinthasintha mozungulira. Sakusowa kuti adutse, kuzolowera njira yaying'ono yama microclimate ndi chisamaliro.

Chosavuta cha njirayi ndikuwonetsetsa kochepa kwa mbande koyambirira. Mitundu yambiri ya peyala yosapatsa ana ndi mphukira imangofalikira ndi mbewu.

Kodi mungasankhe bwanji ndikukonzekera mbewu?

Mbeu za Opuntia zimakhala ndi chipolopolo cholimba kwambiriChifukwa chake, kuti iwo amere, asanadzalemo, ayenera kukhala ndi khungu limodzi mwanjira ziwiri:

1. sanjani chipolopolo cholimba ndi sandpaper ndikudzaza madzi tsiku limodzi;
2. zilowerereni kwa masiku ochepa.

Pofuna kuthira nthanga musanafese, m'pofunika kuzitsitsa munjira yofooka ya manganese kwa mphindi 15-20.

Gawo ndi tsatane malangizo

Mukamabzala mbewu za peyala, ndikofunikira:

1. Konzani chidebe chokhala ndi pafupifupi masentimita 10 ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 3-7 ndi bowo la ngalande;
2. Dzazani chidebecho ndi chosakaniza cha nthaka chosawilitsidwa (1 gawo makala, 1 gawo vermiculite ndi magawo awiri masamba a humus), osafika kumapeto kwa mphika 20 mm;
3. Bzalani mbewu zokonzeka mofanana pamwamba, perekani dothi lochepa (5-10 mm);
4. perekani mbewu mu botolo la kutsitsi.

Kuti mupeze mphukira zabwino, muyenera kupanga zinthu zabwino kwa iwo:

• perekani zowunikira zowala bwino;
• kuyang'anira chinyezi cha nthaka;
• perekani mtundu wa kutentha woyenera mtundu wina wa peyala wamtengo wapatali.

Nthawi yocheperako kamene kamamera ndi mwezi umodzi. Kukula kwa nyemba za peyala zimadalira nthawi ndi momwe amasungira. Mbeu zatsopano zimamera kwambiri.

Chenjezo! Mbewuzo zikamera, tsinde lapakati la peyala yaying'ono limakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, ndipo limakhala lathyathyathya, pang'onopang'ono likukula m'mimba mwake.

Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwonere kanema wonena za kufalikira kwa peyala wamtengo wapatali kuchokera ku nthanga:

Zodula

Kudula kumaonedwa kuti ndiyo njira yosavuta yofalitsira peyala yamtengo wapatali... Komabe, ndikubzala kwakanthawi kochepa komanso kofulumira kwa cactus ndi cuttings, mtundu wa mbewuyo umatsika ndikuchepa.

Kodi mungasankhe bwanji ndikukonzekera cuttings?

Pofalitsa ndi cuttings, nkofunika kuti ana omwe adulidwa kuti abzalidwe apsa. Magawo atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha masamba a cylindrical omwe akukula kuchokera m'mabwalo agwa.

1. Muyenera kudula phesi ndi tsamba losabala, ndikuwaza magawo odulidwa a mbali zonse ziwiri za chomeracho ndi makala osweka kapena sulfure ufa.
2. Kudula kuyenera kuyanika pamalo owongoka ndikuyiyika mu galasi.
3. Kudula kukakakamizidwa, ndondomekoyi imazika mizu.

Gawo ndi tsatane malangizo

Kudula komwe kudulako kukauma, kumatha kuzika mizupochita izi:

1. konzani makapu apulasitiki otayika ndi mabowo omwe adapangidwa kale pansi;
2. dzazani makapu ndi nthaka osakaniza, monga chomera chachikulu;
3. onetsani phesi mu gawo lapansi ndi masentimita 2-3.

Zoyenera kuzika mizu ya cuttings ndizofanana ndi chomera chachikulire, koma osadyetsa. Pambuyo pa masabata 3-4, mizu yoyamba iyenera kuwonekera.

Zofunika! Phesi limakhala lothandiza ngati mutadula lomwe likukula pafupi ndi pamwamba pa nkhadze.

Tikukulangizani kuti muwonere kanema wonena za mtengowo ndi kuzika mizu ya mapeyala olimba:

Kodi ndingabzalidwe pansi?

Opuntia itha kubzalidwa pamalo otseguka, koma zigawo zakumwera kwa Russia, Crimea kapena Caucasus, komwe nyengo yachisanu ndi yofatsa, ndizoyenera izi.

Malo abwino oti mubzale mapeyala obisika pamalo otseguka adzakhala malo owala bwino komanso otetezedwa ndi mphepo. Kutsetsereka kwa alpine, gawo lake lokwera kwambiri, kumatha kukhala malo otere. Cactus, imayenera kukhala yotentha nthawi yotentha komanso youma nthawi yozizira. Kukhetsa madzi kumafunikanso.

Nthaka ya peyala yolimba yobzalidwa panja iyenera kukhala yopepuka, yotayirira, yamchenga, yokhala ndi miyala yoyera ndi dongo lokulitsa. Pofuna kuti nkhadze isavunde pakuthirira, kolala yake imayenera kuwazidwa ndi miyala yoyera. M'nyengo yotentha, peyala yamtengo wapatali imakula ndikulimba.

Pali mitundu yolimba yamaluwa yamtengo wapatali yozizira:

• mitundu yambiri;
• Darwin;
• pheokanta;
• wolimba;
• mkate wa ginger.

Kusamalira mbeu mukabzala

Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa

M'nyengo yotentha, nkhadze imayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse, ngakhale masamba ake amakhala ndi madzi ambiri. Ngati mulibe chinyezi chokwanira, chomeracho chimayamba kufota. Kumapeto kwa chilimwe, kuchuluka kwa madzi okwanira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa kuti muchepetse kukula kwa chomeracho ndikukonzekera nyengo yozizira. Manyowa ovuta a maluwa a cacti ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri pamwezi. M'dzinja, simuyenera kuthira peyala, kuti musapangitse kukula kwake chisanu.

Nyengo yozizira

Popeza taganiza zosiya peyala yozizira yozizira mpaka nthawi yozizira mumsewu, iyenera kukhala yokutidwa ndi singano ndi matabwa okufa. Musachite mantha ngati chomeracho chidzasokonekera m'nyengo yozizira, chifukwa chidzakhala ndi moyo ndikumayamba kwa masiku otentha.

Zofunika! Ndipo nyengo yozizira ku Spartan ipindulira mapeyala oyipa - masamba adzawoneka pa nkhadze yokhwima, yomwe idzasanduke maluwa okongola.

Chifukwa chiyani sizimangika?

Ngati prickly peyala sichimera bwino, zifukwa zake zingakhale zosiyana:

• kusowa kwa kuwala;
• kusowa kwa chinyezi chilimwe;
• kuthira nthaka m'nyengo yozizira;
• kusowa kwa zakudya m'nthawi ya kukula kwachangu;
• matenda;
• Kuwonongeka kwa tizirombo kapena tsinde lawola.

Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, chomeracho chimazika mizu mosavuta, imakulitsa voliyumu komanso imamasula.

Pokhala ndi chidziwitso chokula mapeyala osakhwima pawindo, mutha kuyesa kulima nkhadze wachilendo m'mundamu. Ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka komanso maluwa okongola, chomeracho chidzakongoletsa tsamba lililonse, ndikuwonjezera zosiyanasiyana komanso zosowa m'malo odziwika.

Onerani kanemayo: PCB: Phalombe District (September 2024).