Maonekedwe abwino a nthawi yophukira adadzisamalira. Kukonzekera chomera m'nyengo yozizira, kutetezedwa ku nyengo yozizira

Rose ndi chomera chosatha, koma kuti athe kugonjetsa bwino nyengo, ayenera kutengapo gawo.

Kusamalira chisanu chisanachitike kumakhala kosavuta, ngakhale kumachitika magawo angapo. Koma kutengera mtundu wa duwa, chisamaliro chimasiyana pang'ono.

Momwe mungakonzekerere maluwa a chimfine m'nyengo yozizira, momwe mungasungire chomeracho kuzizira - tidzakambirana zambiri, ndikupatsanso malangizo mwatsatanetsatane posamalira tchire la maluwa kutchire nthawi yachisanu.

Moyo uzungulira nthawi ino ya chaka

M'nyengo yozizira, duwa limayamba kupumula ndikupeza mphamvu zatsopano zakukula mtsogolo. M'masiku otentha chisanachitike, mphukira zazing'ono zimakula kwambiri momwe zingathere, maluwa amafota ndipo zipatso ndi mbewu zimapangidwa.

Makhalidwe a yokonza duwa baka

Ntchito za mlimi panthawiyi:

1. perekani potaziyamu ndi phosphorous mphukira zazing'ono;
2. dulani moyenera;
3. kuteteza duwa ku chinyezi kwambiri;
4. pang'onopang'ono konzekerani chomera chisanu.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa mitundu yosiyana ndi chisanu?

Ntchito zonsezi zimachitikira mitundu yonse yamaluwa osagwirizana ndi chisanu.

Kupatula kudzakhala kovuta kwa ntchito zobisalira zomera ku chisanu: maluwa osagwirizana ndi chisanu safunika kuphimbidwa.

Mndandanda wa mitundu yolimbana ndi chisanu

Mitundu yaku Canada ndiyomwe imagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi kuzizira... Komabe, m'mitengo yolumikizidwa, mulingo wazovuta zanyengo zimatha kusintha, chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kugula mitundu yokhayo yomwe ili ndi mizu pakati pa mitundu yaku Canada. Pakati pawo, mitundu yotsatirayi imadziwika:

• William Shakespeare 2000;
• John Davis;
• Quadra;
• Mfumukazi Elizabeth;
• Felix Leclerc Rose;
• Matsenga;
• Champlain.

Pali mitundu yocheperako yaku Europe yomwe imakhala yolimba nthawi yozizira. Maluwa a Cordes ndi otchuka... Tchire limatha kupirira kutentha mpaka madigiri -30 popanda malo owonjezera. Maluwa a Cordes amaimiridwa ndi zitsanzo izi:

• Atena;
• Weiss Wolke;
• Westerland;
• Sungani;
• Rose Der Hofnung;
• Robusta;
• Chikumbutso cha Baden-Baden.

Tikukupemphani kuti muwonere kanema wothandiza wonena za maluwa osagwirizana ndi chisanu:

Kodi ndiyenera kukumba?

Maluwa amakumbidwa ngati chisanu chikuyembekezeredwa pansipa madigiri 35... Pamenepa:

1. Zitsambazi zimadulidwa mpaka kutalika kwa 30-70 cm, kutengera zaka. Chotsani masamba onse, perekani chomeracho ndi fungicide ndikuchikumba mosamala, kuchigwedeza pansi.
2. Zitsambazi zimayikidwa m'makina apulasitiki ndikuphimbidwa ndi dothi lotayirira lophatikizidwa ndi manyowa owola.
3. Thirirani mbewuzo ndikuzisunthira kuzipinda zotentha nthawi zonse madigiri +2 +4.

Malangizo ndi ndondomeko ya momwe mungasamalire tchire lomwe limabisala kuthengo

Nchiyani chomwe chiyenera kuchitidwa mu kugwa?

Gawo loyamba ndikusiya kudya ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni. Manyowa a phosphate-potaziyamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Pang'onopang'ono muchepetse kuchuluka kwa kuthirira ndi kumasula. Kutsina kwa mphukira kukukula kumachitika, chifukwa chake michere imayamba kuyikidwa m'matumba a chomera.

Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji nyengo yachisanu?

Mukasiya masamba ochepa okha, mbewu za duwa zimapsa, zomwe zidzakhala ngati mbendera yokonzekera nyengo yozizira. Kuyambira pakati pa Okutobala, masambawo amadulidwa pang'onopang'ono kuchokera pansi. Izi zimathandiza kuthana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, komanso, duwa silingathe kudyetsa masamba ndikuyamba kukonzekera nyengo yozizira.

Zinyalala zonse zimachotsedwa pansi pazitsamba, namsongole namsongole ndipo masamba akugwa amatengedwa... Pambuyo pa gawo ili, mwezi umodzi kubisala duwa, mphukira zidzagwada. Izi zimachitika pang'onopang'ono kupewa mapindikidwe a mphukira. Gawo lomaliza pokonzekera duwa m'nyengo yozizira ndikuphimba chomeracho ndi zinthu zomwe mwasankha.

Pogona

Kuphimba mizu, chimango cholimba chimapangidwa panthaka. Pachifukwa ichi, kugwiritsira ntchito kompositi kapena nthaka youma kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mukamabaya, musatenge nthaka pafupi ndi duwa, kuti musawononge kapena kuwonetsa mizu yake. Gwiritsani ntchito nthaka yokhayokha, nthaka iyenera kuteteza kumtengowo. Kutalika kwamakilomita pafupifupi 30-40 cm.

M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri, pogona mokwanira pamafunika, zomwe zimachitika nyengo yozizira ikayamba. Malo ogona abwino amawerengedwa kuti ndi nthambi za spruce kapena utuchi wa spruce, ndipo yankho losavuta kwambiri ndikuphimba ndi zinthu zopangira - burlap kapena agrotex. Musaiwale za chipale chofewa, chimakutetezani kwambiri ndikukutetezani ku chisanu.

Kwa maluwa okulira kwambiri, mafelemu kapena mabokosi amaikidwa, kuwaphimba ndi chilichonse:

• kanema;
• nsalu yopanda nsalu;
• lona, ​​ndi zina zotero.

Tikukupemphani kuti muwonere kanema wothandiza momwe mungaphimbe maluwa pachisanu:

Kuthirira

Kuyambira theka lachiwiri la Seputembara, kuthirira mbewu kumayimitsidwa kuti zileke kukulitsa ndikupanga mphukira zatsopano.

Nthaka youma imathandiza kupirira nyengo yozizira ndipo sizimatha kudwala matenda a fungus ndi bakiteriya.

Zovala zapamwamba

M'dzinja, zakudya zopangidwa ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous zimayambitsidwa. Rosa imakhala ndi kagayidwe kabwino, imalekerera kuzizira bwino, ndipo zoteteza zake zimawonjezeka.

Manyowa a phosphate-potaziyamu amayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira mkatikati mwa Ogasiti... Mu malita 10 a madzi, magalamu 100 a superphosphate ndi magalamu 30 a potaziyamu sulphate amachepetsedwa. Bukuli ndi lokwanira chitsamba chopangidwa bwino kapena tchire zingapo zazing'ono. Patapita sabata, potashi amawonjezeredwa, pamlingo wa 30 magalamu a potaziyamu sulphate pa 10 malita a madzi.

Mu Seputembala, amadyetsedwa ndi potaziyamu magnesium, momwe amagwiritsira ntchito ndi magalamu 15 pa malita 10 amadzi. Ikhoza kusinthidwa ndi feteleza aliyense wovuta kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi yophukira. Ngati kukugwa mvula, ndiye kuti feteleza adalowetsedwa m'nthaka, popeza adagawa kale pamizu.

Pofuna kuphika, monga chovala china chowonjezera, kompositi ndikuwonjezera phulusa ndiyabwino.

Kudulira

Maluwa opopera abwino samadulidwa m'dzinja, kudulira kumafunika pokhapokha ngati zisa za tizilombo zimawonedwa kuthengo. Mphukira zoterezi zimfupikitsidwa ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a tsinde. Kutentha kwa mpweya sikuyenera kukhala kopitilira madigiri 4 kuti chomeracho chisayambe kukula.

Kudula zimayambira mochedwa mwina sangakhale ndi nthawi yochira, zomwe zimawongolera kuwonongeka kwawo. Choyamba, nthambi zonse zosweka ndi zouma zimachotsedwa, ndiye kuti, zimadulira ukhondo. Dulani mphukira zobiriwira, komanso masamba ndi maluwa. Chotsani nthambi zakale ndi khungwa lakuda, losweka.

Kudulidwa konse kuyenera kukhala ndi kalingaliro kakang'ono, kuyenera kuchitidwa pamwamba pa mphukira yotupa pamtunda wa pafupifupi masentimita 1. Ndikofunika kuti mphukira iwonetsedwe kunja kwa tchire kuti tchire likhale lolondola mtsogolo.

Kudulidwa kumapakidwa ndi phula lakumunda. Pakuchepetsa, chida chosankhidwa chimasankhidwa, chomwe chimatsukidwa ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate. Njirayi imachitika modekha, mopanda mphepo.

Kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa, kudulira kumakhala ndi zovuta zake.:

• Maluwa osakanizidwa ndi tiyi Kudulira pang'ono ndikokwanira, kusiya mphukira pafupifupi 30 cm ndi masamba asanu.
• Kukwera maluwa ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono, malekezero okha a zimayambira amadulidwa, mumitundu yayikulu-yayikulu, mphukira zonse zomwe zafota zimachotsedwa, kupatula zingapo za chaka chatha.
• Maluwa a Polyanthus ndi maluwa akulu, mphukira zakale zimachotsedwa, ndipo zina zonse zimafupikitsidwa mpaka masamba 3-4. Mphukira ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono amasungidwa ndi masamba 2-3, ngati mphukira zimakhala zolimba, zofooka, mpaka masamba 1-2 achotsedwa.

Tikukupemphani kuti muwonere kanema yothandiza yokhudzana ndi maluwa odulira maluwa m'nyengo yozizira:

Tumizani

Kuika kumachitika masabata 2-3 chisanu chisanachitikekotero kuti chitsamba chimakhala ndi nthawi yophukira. Miyezi yabwino kwambiri ndi Seputembara - Okutobala, pomwe dziko lapansi ndilonyowa mokwanira.

1. Chitsambacho chimakumbidwa bwino, ndipo muzu wapakati umadulidwa mpaka kutalika kwake.
2. Dulani mizu yodwala ndikuwonongeka, sansani pansi modekha ndikupita kumalo atsopano. Kukhazikika kwadzinja kumachitika mozama kwambiri pakubzala koyambirira.
3. Mizu imafalikira mofanana padzenje, yokutidwa ndi nthaka ndipo mpando wake ndi wopanikiza.
4. Mukathirira, onjezerani nthaka youma kuti nthaka isazizidwe nthawi yozizira. Mizu ya chomerayo iyenera kukhala yokulirapo kuposa gawo lakumlengalenga.

Zowonjezera zodzitetezera ku kuzizira

Chitetezo chowonjezera cha mitundu yonse ya maluwa chidzakhala kanema wapulasitiki yemwe amateteza malo okhala mvula.

Ngati mafelemu amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda, zinthu zofolerera zimayikidwapo, ndiye chophimba kapena nthambi za spruce, ndikukhazikika pamwamba ndi kanema.

Kuti maluwa okwera akwere, ndikofunikira kuteteza mphukira. Pofuna kuteteza kukwapula ndi nthaka yozizira momwe zingathere, zimayikidwa pamwamba pake, zomwe zimateteza ku chinyezi, ndipo nthambi za spruce zimayikidwa pamwamba pake.

Zolakwa ndikuchita ndi zotsatirapo zawo

Chimodzi mwazolakwitsa zazikulu zakusamalira chisanu ndikuphimba maluwa msanga kapena, kutsegulira mochedwa. Zotsatira zake, tchire limakula ndikusandulika kwakuda. Ndikofunika kuti duwa liumitsidwe bwino nyengo yachisanu, chifukwa chake simuyenera kuphimba ndi chisanu choyamba. Maluwawo amaphimbidwa nthaka isanaundane kwathunthu.

Simulekerera nyengo yovuta komanso tchire lofooka... Pachifukwa ichi, ndikofunikira kuwunika momwe mbewu zimakhalira nyengo yonseyi, ndikuchotsa tizirombo ndi matenda. Kuteteza nthaka ndi mkuwa sulphate kapena 3% Bordeaux osakaniza kumathandiza kupewa chitukuko cha matenda a fungal. Izi zimachitika mwachindunji kutsogolo kwa pogona.

M'nyengo yozizira, ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu polimbana ndi makoswe. Kuviika mtanda wa utuchi palafini kapena kugwiritsa ntchito poizoni kwa mbewa pafupi ndi chitsamba kumapereka chitetezo china.

Mwa kutsatira malamulo osavuta awa osamalira duwa m'nyengo yozizira, mupulumutsa mfumukazi ya maluwa mpaka chaka chamawa.

Onerani kanemayo: SAPOTA PA MIBAWA TV-NTHAWI YOGWA NDI PHWETE 13 OCT 2020 (June 2024).