Mitundu yokongola kwambiri - maluwa a polyanthus. Zithunzi, malangizo akukula kuchokera ku mbewu, malangizo othandizira
Masukulu osiyanasiyana ndi maluwa osiyanasiyana ndiwopatsa chidwi. Kukwera, kakang'ono, tiyi wosakanizidwa, floribunda ...
Mitundu yambiri yamitundu yambiri! Pali malo okonda kukongola kwa duwa lodabwitsa ili kuti aziyenda. Maluwa a Polyanthus amawoneka owala komanso oyenera pakati pazambiri zapamwamba. Wosadzikongoletsa komanso wokongola kwambiri, zomera zokongolazi zidzakongoletsa dimba lililonse kapena dimba.
Ndi chiyani icho?
Maluwa a Polyanthus - omwe amatanthauza "maluwa angapo" - ndi mbewu zokhala ndi maluwa obiriwira obiriwira.
Maluwawo ndi ochepa m'mimba mwake (pafupifupi masentimita 4-6, mitundu ina ndi yayikulu kwambiri, mpaka masentimita 10). Ma inflorescence atayidwa mowolowa manja ndi tchire, ndipo zikuwoneka ngati zikulodzadi. Chomeracho palokha ndi shrub, kutalika kwake kumatengera mitundu.... Pali zosankha zazing'ono pafupifupi 30 cm, pali zazikulu - zimafika mita imodzi ndi theka kutalika. Chotuwa, nthawi zambiri masamba obiriwira amdima zimayambira.
Mbiri yoyambira
Maluwa a Polyanthus adatulutsidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi ndi wofalitsa maluwa waku France a Jean-Baptiste Guillot.
Malo oyambira kuwoloka anali maluwa a tiyi achi China ndi mitundu yaying'ono yambiri yochokera ku Japan. Chifukwa cha kusakanikirana kumeneku, mbewu zosangalatsa kwambiri zidapezeka.
Maluwa ochokera ku China adapatsa maluwa okongola okongola owoneka bwino... Kuchokera ku maluwa achi Japan, hybrids adatenga masamba owala ambiri ndi inflorescence yayikulu yamaluwa ambiri.
Zosiyanitsa za mtundu uwu
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, mitundu ya rose ya polyanthus ilibe minga. Mtunduwo ndi wofiira, pinki, lalanje ndi woyera. Nthawi zina pamakhala mitundu yokhala ndi maluwa opakidwa mithunzi iwiri nthawi imodzi. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina yambiri yamaluwa, polyanthus ndiwodzichepetsa, nyengo yozizira bwino ngakhale mumkhalidwe wovuta wa Urals ndi Siberia, imachulukana mosavuta, kusamutsa mawonekedwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana (werengani za maluwa oyenera Siberia, Urals ndi Russia wapakati pano). Maluwa a maluwa a polyanthus (pafupifupi mitundu yonse) alibe fungo.
Kufotokozera kwa mitundu
Mitundu ya rose ya Polyanthus nthawi zambiri imagawidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono: ochepa kwambiri komanso okulira kwambiri.
Yoyamba ndi tchire mpaka 60 cm wamtali... Zitsanzo za mitundu:
- Border King (maluwa okhala ndi malo oyera ndi kupindika kofiira).
- The Fairy (pinki maluwa).
- Snow Ballet (maluwa oyera ndi fungo).
Yachiwiri - imamera mpaka 150 cm wamtali, yayikulu-yaying'ono... Zitsanzo za mitundu:
- Iceberg ndi maluwa oyera.
- Holstein - masamba a ruby.
- Kate Bayer - Amaphatikiza mithunzi ya lalanje ndi miyala yamchere.
Chithunzi
Pachithunzipa pansipa mutha kuwona momwe maluwa a polyanthus amawonekera.
Pachimake
Polyanthus maluwa amamasula kwambiri mofunitsitsa komanso mochuluka. Maluwa amatha mosalekeza mchilimwe chonse mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Ma inflorescence obiriwira amasinthana wina ndi mnzake kwa miyezi yambiri.
Kusiyananso kwina pakati pa maluwa a polyanthus ndi magulu ena ndikuti maluwa ouma sakugwera paokha. Kuti musunge zokongoletsera, zowoneka bwino za tchire, pamafunika kuti nthawi ndi nthawi muchotse inflorescence yomwe yasowa.
Kusamalira maluwa asanayambe komanso atatha
Pofuna kukonzekera maluwa maluwa abwino, m'pofunika kuyamba kudyetsa masika. Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kutchera mphukira masamba akawonekera mchaka: zimathandizira pakamera maluwa mtsogolo. Chisamaliro chapadera mutatha maluwa ndikuchotsa maluwa ofota.
Bwanji ngati sichikuphuka?
Chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe duwa silimaphuka: feteleza wambiri mukamadyetsa. Musaiwale kuchepetsa feteleza wochuluka ndi madzi., apo ayi mizu imatha kuvutika.
Ngati dothi ladzaza kwambiri ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni, ndiye kuti duwa limatha kukhala lobiriwira modabwitsa, koma osaphuka nthawi yomweyo. Ndipo mosiyana: nthaka ikakhala yopanda michere, chomeracho chimafooka, chimakula bwino, sichikhala ndi mphamvu yakuphuka. Mutha kuwonjezera superphosphate: ili ndi phosphorous, yomwe ndi yabwino pachimake.
Mwina duwa lidabzalidwa molakwika. Alibe kuwala kapena nthaka sikokwanira. Pachifukwa ichi, chomeracho, ndithudi, chidzatambasula, kupweteka, kumva bwino. Mutha kuyesa kubzala shrub pamalo oyenera maluwawo..
Pambuyo maluwa, sitidulira: chomeracho ndi chovuta kupirira kusokonezedwa koteroko, ndipo mwina sichingapereke maluwa chaka chamawa.
Gwiritsani ntchito kapangidwe kazithunzi
Tchire la maluwa a polyanthus limakwanira bwino m'munda wamaluwa, komanso nyimbo pafupi ndi nyumba zamzindawu. Mwa izi, mipanda imabzalidwa m'njira, misewu, misewu. Amawoneka bwino pamabedi amaluwa (mabedi ataliatali), miyala yamiyala, kapinga. Ndiabwino onse pawokha komanso kuphatikiza mitundu ina. Atenga malo oyenera pantchito zokongoletsa maluwa kwanthawi yayitali!
Kuwongolera ndi kudzisamalira
Kusankha malo obwera... Sankhani malo owala bwino kuti mubzale maluwa awa: amakonda kuwala ndipo amawonetsa kukongola kwawo konse ndikuwala bwino. Chonde dziwani: ayenera kuyikidwa pomwe kulibe mphamvu chifukwa cha mphepo. Madera okhala ndi nthaka yonyowa kwambiri, madzi omwe ali ndi maluwa a polyanthus siabwino.
- Kodi nthaka iyenera kukhala yotani? Polyanthus rose amakonda dothi loam loya lokhala ndi humus wambiri: lotayirira, mpweya wabwino komanso kufalikira kwa chinyezi. Chalk kapena dothi lamchenga siloyenera maluwa. Amazizira mofulumira m'nyengo yozizira, nthawi yotentha amatentha kwambiri. Zakudya zomwe zili mmenemo sizikhala kwakanthawi.
- Kubzala mbewu... Monga maluwa ena, gululi likhoza kufalikira bwino ndi ma cuttings. Komabe, ndi maluwa a polyanthus omwe amafalitsa bwino mbewu, pomwe amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Kukula maluwa okongola kuchokera ku mbewu sikufulumira, komanso osati njira yovuta kwambiri, chinthu chachikulu apa ndi chisamaliro choyenera.
- Kutentha... Maluwa a Polyanthus ndi mbewu zosagwira chisanu. Amatha kulimidwa ngakhale komwe maluwa wamba sangathe kulimbana ndi kutentha. Zomera izi zimabisala bwino ngakhale zitabisala ngakhale mu chisanu cha Siberia mpaka -30C (ndi mitundu iti yomwe sikutanthauza pogona m'nyengo yozizira?). M'nyengo yotentha, maluwa amatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri (30C ndi kupitirira). Masambawo amatha kufota pang'ono padzuwa, koma mitundu ina imagonjetsedwa ndi kuzimiririka uku.
- Kuthirira... Maluwa a Polyanthus amathiriridwa kamodzi pa sabata. Samalani kuti musasokoneze nthaka. Ngati nyengo ili yonyowa ndipo nthaka siuma, dikirani pang'ono ndikuthirira.
- Zovala zapamwamba... Timathira maluwa nthawi yoyamba mu Meyi. Kwa maluwa a polyanthus, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa a nkhuku kapena feteleza amchere.
- Ndikofunika kuthira fetereza ndi madzi pamlingo umodzi wa feteleza mpaka magawo 20 amadzi.
- Timasiya yankho kwa sabata limodzi, kenako timathira madzi katatu.
- Kenako timathirira tchire.
- Nthawi yotsatira mbewuzo zikawumbidwa ndi umuna pamene masamba ayamba kupangika (funde loyamba ndi lachiwiri la maluwa).
Kwa maluwa, feteleza ndi phosphates ndi feteleza feteleza ndibwino.
- Kudulira.
- Maluwawo amawadulira mosamala nthawi yachilimwe, isanafike maluwa.
- Mphukira zodwala, zakale, zakufa zimachotsedwa.
- Mphukira zathanzi zimadulidwa pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu. Kudulira kwina kumayenera kuchitika nthawi yachilimwe.
Timachotsanso mphukira zomwe zimamera mkati mwa tchire (kuti tipewe kuipitsidwa kwa duwa ndi matenda ndi majeremusi).
Tumizani... Ngati pazifukwa zina muyenera kuthyola chitsamba, ndiye kuti ili silili vuto: maluwa a polyanthus amalekerera kuziika bwino. Ndikofunika kuti tisasokoneze mizu ya chomeracho (yesani kukumba pamodzi ndi dothi lokwanira pamizu). Ngati china chake chalakwika ndipo mizu yake idawonongeka, ndiye kuti mphukira za tchire ziyenera kudulidwa.
- Kukonzekera nyengo yozizira... Ngakhale kulimbana ndi chisanu komanso kudzimana, polyanthus rose satha kubisala popanda pogona. Zachidziwikire, ngati muli ku Crimea kapena Krasnodar Territory, komwe nyengo yachisanu ndi yofatsa, ndiye kuti simungathe kuchita popanda izo. Komabe, kumadera ena mdzikolo, muyenera kusamalira mbewu zomwe mumakonda pasadakhale. Ma algorithm ndi awa:
- Timachotsa feteleza wa nayitrogeni ku theka lachiwiri la chilimwe.
- Timayambitsa feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu (amathandiza chomera kukonzekera nyengo yozizira).
- Timaonetsetsa kuti chomeracho sichikukhudzidwa ndi tiziromboti ndi matenda.
- M'madera otentha pang'ono, mutha kupanga pogona pang'ono ndikutsanulira nthaka pafupifupi 30-40 cm kutalika pakati pa tchire.
- Ngati tikulankhula za madera omwe amakhala ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri, ndiye kuti tchire liyenera kuphimbidwa ndi nthambi za spruce, peat, masamba owuma, mchenga. Mutha kukonza zokutira pamitengo yayikulu pamitengo ya spruce ndi polyethylene pamwamba.
Timapanga pogona pokhapokha kutentha kukatsika mpaka -5-7C. Izi zisanachitike, chomeracho "chimalimbitsidwa" kuzizira. Timaphimba mbewuzo masambawo akagwa. Izi zisanachitike, mutha kuchita mankhwalawa ndi othandizira. Pogona, muyenera kusankha tsiku louma komanso lozizira. Osaphimba zomera ndi msipu, udzu, moss kapena china chilichonse chomwe chimamwa madzi. Roses pansi pazinthu zoterezi azinyowa ndi kuwola.
Momwe mungakulire kuchokera kunyumba kunyumba - malangizo ndi magawo
Mutha kufalitsa maluwa opangidwa ndi polyanthus ndi cuttings wamba komanso kumtengowo pa ntchafu. (ndilo gulu la polyanthic lomwe silimataya mawonekedwe ake ndi inoculation). Komabe, kufalitsa mbewu ndikotchuka kwambiri. Zatheka bwanji?
Lembani nyembazo kwa milungu iwiri, ndikuzibzala dothi lonyowa, lotayirira mu Disembala kunyumba. Ikani pamwamba pake ndi mulch wochepa wa perlite mulch. Timaphimba chidebecho ndi galasi kapena polyethylene.
- Gawo lotsatira ndikuyika chidebecho ndi mbewu kuzizira (mutha kuziyika mufiriji, m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena pansi). Madzi nthawi ndi nthawi kuti dothi likhale lonyowa (musasefukira!). Zikatero, timasiya mbewu kwa mwezi umodzi (timawakwiyitsa motere). M'mwezi wina, mbande zidzawoneka. Timayika chidebecho pomwe pali chatsopano (madigiri 15-18) komanso kuwala (koma kopanda kuwala kwa dzuwa).
- Pofika masika, chomeracho chimakula ndikulimba. Pakufika masiku ofunda (kumapeto kwa Epulo - koyambirira kwa Meyi), mubzale tchire m'mabowo okhala ndi mchenga wolimba wothiridwa ngati ngalande, komanso kompositi ndi phulusa lowonjezeredwa. Kuzama kwa maenjewo kumakhala mpaka masentimita khumi. Ngati mukufuna kubzala tchire pamzere umodzi, ndiye kuti mtunda wa 30-40 cm uyenera kukhala pakati pawo.
Maluwa omwe amamera kuchokera ku mbewu adzaphuka mchaka chachiwiri.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Maluwa a Polyanthus sagonjetsedwa kokha ndi nyengo, komanso kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo... Zachidziwikire, ndi bwino kuchitira maluwa m'nyengo yozizira kuchokera ku bowa (ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, m'nyengo yotentha). Komabe, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sitimakonda maluwawa. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Mukawona kuti maluwa a aphid awoneka pa maluwa, gulani mankhwala motsutsana ndi tiziromboti ndipo chitani mankhwalawa kawiri kapena katatu pa nyengo patsiku louma ndi bata.
Maluwa a Polyanthus ndi mphatso yeniyeni kwa wamaluwa. Iwo sali opanda pake, samafunsa chisamaliro chovuta, amakhutira ndi zochepa. Iwo ali okonzeka kusangalatsa mbuye wawo ndi maluwa kwa miyezi yambiri, kutengera momwe zinthu zikukula. Maluwa a Polyanthus amapikisana bwino ndi gulu lamakono lamakono - floribunda, osasiya malo awo ndikukongoletsa dziko lapansi ndi maluwa awo ambiri.