Momwe mungaphimbe maluwa okwera nthawi yachisanu, komanso nthawi yoyamba kukonzekera nyengo yozizira?

Duwa lokwera ndi duwa lokhala ndi zimayambira kapena mphukira zokwawa. Imakhala ngati chinthu chokongoletsera mdera lililonse. Ndipo kotero kuti amasangalatsa diso la nyakulima ndi maluwa ake obiriwira nthawi yotentha, m'pofunika kuti mumupatse zofunikira zonse nyengo yachisanu yabwino.

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kuzisamalira. Nkhani yathu ikuwuzani momwe mungapangire nyumba zokhalamo maluwa m'nyengo yozizira, ndikuwonetsa chithunzi cha nyumba zoterezi.

Kodi ndiyenera kukonzekera chomeracho nyengo yachisanu?

Kukonzekera duwa m'nyengo yozizira ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakusamalira mbewu zonse. Osangodalira "kukana chisanu" komwe mumamva kuchokera kwa ogulitsa m'masitolo.

Kukana kwa chisanu kuyenera kumvedwa ngati kuthekera kwa duwa kulekerera kutentha bwino ... mosasinthasintha. Posachedwa, komabe, nyengo yakhala ikupereka zodabwitsa kwambiri: kutentha kwambiri masana kumatha kusintha kukhala 0C. Ndikusiyana kumeneku komwe kumatha kuyambitsa kufa kwa chomera, ngati simudandaula za icho. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kusankha pasadakhale momwe mungatetezere mbewu ku chimfine chomwe chikubwera, ndikukonzekera zofunikira.

Nchifukwa chiyani njirayi ndi yofunika kwambiri?

Mitundu yatsopano yamaluwa yomwe idapangidwa chifukwa cha kusankha ilibe nthawi yogona: ndi kuyamba kwa chisanu, nyengo yokula imayimitsidwa, ndipo ndikuwonjezeka kwa ziwonetsero za kutentha, imayambiranso. Zotsatira zakubwezeretsanso kwa nyengo yokula ndi chiyambi cha kuyamwa kwa maluwa. Madzi amaundana pakatenthedwe ka -2C. Chomeracho chimayamba kuthyola pomwepo, chifukwa timadzi timasandulika kukhala ayezi tidzawononga kapangidwe ka zimera zake.

Poyamba kusungunuka, malo osweka (ming'alu ya chisanu) ayamba kuvunda, ndikuwopseza mbewu yonse: imakhala "yotseguka" ku matenda onse opatsirana ndi tizirombo. Chochitika chofananachi chimatha kupewedwa bola ngati msuzi woyenda kuchokera "pachilonda" cha duwa umauma msanga ndipo mawonekedwe ake achiritsidwa. Mapeto ake ndikuti maluwa ayenera kuuma nthawi yozizira, ndipo izi ndizotheka ngati atayikidwa pogona, momwe kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kumachepetsedwa.

Zimapangidwa liti?

Ndikofunikira kuyamba kukonzekera duwa m'nyengo yozizira, oddly mokwanira, ngakhale chilimwe. Mtundu wodyetsa uyenera kusinthidwa mu Julayi, ndipo chakudya chomaliza chimachitika mkatikati mwa Seputembala. Ntchito zotsalazo ziyenera kumalizidwa pakati pa Novembala.

Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti muyenera kuphimba chomeracho nthawi yanyengo yokha kokha pokhapokha thermometer ikafika pamlingo woposa 0.

M'chaka ndi theka loyamba la chilimwe, tikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa chomeracho ndi feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni, komanso pafupi ndi nthawi yophukira - ndi feteleza wa potashi ndi phosphorous. Potaziyamu ndi phosphorous ndi zinthu zomwe zimathandiza nkhuni kupsa, kuyala masamba ndi masamba mtsogolo, ndikulimbitsa mizu.

Kodi zikuphatikizapo chiyani?

Ntchito yokonzekera kukwera maluwa okwera m'nyengo yozizira ndi gawo lofunikira pakusamalira mbewu. Izi zimaphatikizapo kudulira tchire, kuchotsa masamba pachomera, kuyeretsa zinyalala mkati ndi mozungulira tchire, hilling, ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Gawo lirilonse malangizo okonzekera nthaka ndi zomera nyengo yozizira

1. Lekani kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza okhala ndi nayitrogeni mu Julayi.
2. Kuyambira Ogasiti, muyenera kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa phosphorous ndi potashi (m'modzi mu Ogasiti, winayo mu Seputembara).
3. Kuyambira Seputembala, ndikofunikira kusiya kukumba ndikumasula nthaka pakati pa tchire, ndikupanga chomera. Kuthirira munda wa duwa kuyeneranso kuchepa.
4. Chakumapeto kwa Okutobala - koyambirira kwa Novembala, ndikofunikira kuchotsa masamba onse pamodzi ndi petioles. Ngakhale gawo laling'ono la tsamba lomwe latsalira pa tsinde liyamba kuvunda ndikupangitsa masamba obowokawo kuwola, ndipo nthawi zina mphukira yonse.
5. Pazifukwa zomwezo, ndikofunikira kusankha masamba akugwa, udzu, zinyalala kuchokera kuthengo.
6. Gawo lofunikira ndikudulira kukwera kwa 1/3 kutalika kwake. Komanso, zimayambira zakale ndi khungwa lakuda, mphukira zosweka zomwe zinalibe nthawi yakupsa nthawi yozizira zimachotsedwanso.
7. Malo odulira ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira kapena owazidwa ndi makala.
8. Mukameta mitengo, malangizo oyenera kukula kwa mbewu ayenera kupangidwa, poganizira momwe kukula kwa duwa kumathandizira - thandizo, chipilala, ndi zina zambiri. (onani malangizo mwatsatanetsatane popanga zothandizira kukwera maluwa ndikumangiriza zomera apa).
9. Pakatha tsiku, ndowa 1 - 2 za mchenga wouma ziyenera kuthiridwa pakati pa tchire (kutengera kukula kwa tchire).
10. Pambuyo masiku awiri, ma lashes otsala amathandizidwa ndi yankho la ferrous sulphate (3%).

Chenjezo! Ngati, ngakhale kuyambika kwa nthawi yophukira, duwa likupitilira pachimake, ndipo mphukira zimakula, ndiye kuti tikulimbikitsidwa kutsina mphukira ndikukhotetsa zimayambira pansi pa masamba kuti zilepheretse nyengo yokula.

Gawo lirilonse malangizo kuti apange malo okhala zokwawa mitundu yamaluwa

1. Chisanu chisanayambike, duwa lokwera limachotsedwa pachithandizocho ndikugwada pansi. Ndikofunika kuti nsonga za mphukira zisakhudze pansi.
2. M'malo angapo tchire limatha kukokedwa limodzi ndi twine. Izi ziyenera kuchitika mosamala kwambiri kuti minga isavulaze mphukira zoyandikana nazo.
3. Ndikofunika kugwetsa matabwa olimba (matentimita 80, kutalika kumadalira kukula kwa chomeracho).
4. Pamwamba pa zikwapu zomwe zaikidwa pansi, ndikofunikira kumanga denga lachitetezo kuchokera kuzikopa zomwe zidagwetsedwa. Pofuna kuti zishango zisasunthike, ndikofunikira kuzikonza ndi zikhomo zamatabwa. Pasapezeke ming'alu mulimonsemo! Mtunda wapakati pazokwera ndi zikopa ziyenera kukhala zosachepera 15 - 20 cm.
5. Kuchokera pamwamba, pogona pamatabwa ayenera kukutidwa ndi kukulunga kwa pulasitiki kukula kofunikira (kuyeneranso kukhala kokwanira kumapeto), ndikumangirira mosamala.
6. Malekezero a "denga" amakhalabe otseguka mpaka khola loyamba louma chisanu (-5C, -7C), kuti zikwapu zizilimba mwachilengedwe.
7. Mbalizo (zomwe zakonzedwa kale kuchokera ku plywood kapena fiberboard) ziyenera kutsekedwa kumapeto kwa Novembala, nthaka yomwe ili pakhomalo itaundana.

Ngati zimayambira za duwa ndizolimba kwambiri, zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri kuzikotamira pansi. Poterepa, mutha kuyesa kuchita izi magawo angapo (2 - 3), pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya zopangidwa ndi waya wakuda wazitali zazitali. Izi ziyenera kuchitika mosamala kwambiri, ndikupinditsa mphukira mbali ina moyang'anizana ndi kupindika kwa mphukira kumunsi kwawo. Kutalika kwa njira zoterezi ndi masiku 10 - 12. Ngati njirayi sinagwire, ndiye Mutha kukulunga zimayambira ndi nthambi za spruce, ndikuphimba mizu padera.

Njira yobisalira maluwa ndiyofunikira ngati yabzalidwa m'mizere yolunjika. Maluwawo akabzalidwa pamabedi amaluwa limodzi ndi mbewu zina, ndiye kuti chokwera chilichonse chimafunika kutsekedwa padera. Njira zogona pankhaniyi ndizosiyana kwambiri:

1. Pendani pang'onopang'ono ma lashes pansi ndi chakudya, muwakokere pamodzi ndi twine.
2. Mangani chimango pamwamba pa chitsamba chachitsulo kapena waya wolimba wa mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna. Iyenera kukhala yolimba mokwanira kupirira nyengo yoipa ndi chipale chofewa.
3. Kuchokera pamwambapa chimakhala ndi zinthu zopanda madzi (fiberglass, spunbond). Lutrasil ndi polyethylene sizoyenera: lutrasil imalola chinyontho kudutsa, ndipo polytylene imapangitsa kutentha, ndipo duwa limatha kufota osadikirira masika.

Kuti mkwapulo wa maluwa usakhale khoswe wa makoswe, ndiye kuti usanabisala, mutha kufalitsa poizoni kapena utuchi wothira mkodzo wamphaka pakati pa mphukira. Kupanda kutero, kumapeto kwa nyengo mutha kuwona nthambi zosasunthika zomwe sizingatheke.

Chithunzi

Apa mutha kuwona momwe malo obisalira maluwa okongola akuyenda amawonekera.

Kusamalira nyengo yachisanu

Ngati pali chipale chofewa pazoteteza (pafupifupi masentimita 10), ndiye mkati mwa pogona, ngakhale chisanu choopsa kwambiri, kutentha sikudzatsika -8C. Chilichonse pansi pa makoma a pogona chimakhala ndi chisanu, chomwe chimasungunuka pang'onopang'ono mukamazizira, ndipo kutentha kwake sikudzakwera pamwamba pa 0С. Izi zikutanthauza kuti tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayambitsa kachilomboka alibe mwayi.

Munthawi yachisoti, malekezero azishango amatha kutsegulidwa pang'ono kuti angayendetsedwe ndikupewa kuyanika kuchokera ku mphukira. Ngati nyengo yachisanu imakhala yotentha, ndiye kuti mutha kusiya zotseguka zomwe zidapangidwa kale kumapeto kwa malowa.

Ndikofunika kuwunika kukhulupirika kwa kanema wophimba duwa, popeza ndikulowa kwa chipale chofewa ndi mvula komwe kumatha kuyambitsa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu.

M'nyengo yamasika, malo obisalako sangachotsedwe mwadzidzidzi: pakhola -3C, malekezero a "denga" amatseguka ndikuwasiya mpaka nthaka itasungunuka. Zishango zomwe zimaphimba maluwa zimachotsedwa poyambira kutentha, kenako nsalu yamagalasi kapena spunbond amachotsedwa.

Werengani zambiri za malamulo oyambira kusamalira kukwera maluwa apa.

Zachidziwikire, kukonzekera kukwera maluwa okwera nyengo yachisanu ndi njira yovuta komanso yambiri, Pofuna kuchuluka kwa nthawi yolima. Koma popanda mphindi ino, ndizosatheka kusunga chomeracho nthawi yonse yozizira.

Tikukulangizani kuti muwonere kanema momwe maluwa okwera amakhudzidwira nthawi yachisanu: