Wachisomo adadzuka Mona Lisa - zonse zokhudza duwa

Send

Maluwa a Rose. Kodi timaganizira chiyani tikanena mawu awa? Kukongola, chisomo, kununkhira kosakhwima komwe kumalimbikitsa ndi kusangalatsa aliyense wa ife.

Odyetsa apita kutali kuyesera ndi zolakwika kuti abweretse maluwa odabwitsa awa padziko lapansi. Lero tikambirana za maluwa a mtundu wa Mona Lisa floribunda. Munkhaniyi, muwerenga malongosoledwe a maluwawa, muwone pachithunzicho, ndikuphunzirani momwe mungasamalire ndikufalitsa.

Kufotokozera ndi chithunzi

Rosi iyi ndi ya mndandanda wa "Romance" ndipo chaka ndi chaka imakhala yotchuka kwambiri. Ma inflorescence amafanana ndi kukhazikika ndi chilengedwe kwa polyanthus, momwe maluwawo alili ofanana ndi maluwa a tiyi a haibridi. Maluwa ake ndi akulu (mpaka 9 cm) ali ndi utoto wofiyira wakuda, wopindika (mpaka 90 bp) masamba ndi akulu, ang'onoang'ono inflorescence mpaka zidutswa zisanu. Fungo labwino kwambiri, losabisa. Tsinde limakongoletsedwa ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono onyezimira obiriwira.

Tchire limafika kutalika kwa masentimita 70 mpaka 80. Maluwa obwereza: Amamasula mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira (Juni mpaka Okutobala), pafupifupi mosalekeza. Odzichepetsa, osazizira chisanu (gawo lachisanu la nthawi yozizira yozizira kuchokera -26⁰C mpaka -29⁰C), yolimbana ndi matenda (malo akuda, powdery mildew), kukana mvula pafupifupi. Adalandira Mphotho ya ADR, Mendulo Yasiliva Yampikisano wa Monza.

Onani momwe duwa limawonekera pachithunzichi.

Mbiri yoyambira

Banja la floribunda lidapezeka podutsa maluwa a hybrid-polyanthus ndi tiyi wosakanizidwa ndi magulu ena am'munda. "Floibunda" kwenikweni amatanthauza "kufalikira kwakukulu".

Mitunduyo, Mona Lisa, ndiyatsopano kuyambira pomwe idapezeka mu 2007 ndi kampani yaku France Meilland International.

Werengani zambiri zamitundu ndi mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya maluwa a Floribunda pano, ndipo kuchokera patsamba lino muphunzira malamulo osamalira ndi kukulitsa duwa.

Kusiyana kwa mitundu ina

Maluwa a Mona Lisa amasiyana ndi mitundu ina ndi kuwuma kwawo kozizira kozizira, kulimbana ndi matenda komanso maluwa ataliatali.

Pachimake

Maluwa akuphulika kuyambira Juni mpaka Okutobala, duwa lililonse limasonkhanitsidwa mu inflorescence, pa peduncle imodzi pakhoza kukhala maluwa asanu nthawi imodzi.

Kusamalira musanafike ndi pambuyo

Kuti maluwa akusangalatseni ndi maluwa awo odabwitsa momwe mungathere, muyenera:

madzi okwanira nthawi zonse;
kudyetsa nyengo (kusinthasintha kwa zosafunika zamchere ndi zinthu zina);
kumasula ndi kukulitsa nthaka;
kudulira.

Kumayambiriro kwa masika, mutha kuwonjezera peat ndi manyowa panthaka, kuti chitsamba chilandire zakudya zowonjezera.

Pofika nyengo yozizira, maluwa amafunika kutetezedwa. Ngakhale ali odzichepetsa, ayenera kuphimbidwa:

dulani tchire pakati;
chotsani masamba otsalawo;
sungani dziko lapansi;
kuphimba ndi masamba a thundu, nthambi za spruce.

Chophimba chanu chachisanu chakonzeka.

Bwanji ngati sichikuphuka?

Aliyense atha kukumana ndi mfundo yoti maluwa ochuluka kwambiri amenewa asiya kusangalala ndi masamba ake. Izi zikuwonetsa chisamaliro chosayenera. Zifukwa zingakhale:

kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda a fungus omwe amalepheretsa kukula kwa maluwa;
nthaka yosayenera (nthaka acidity iyenera kukhala 6-7 pH);
chisanu choopsa (chomeracho chiyenera kukonzekera nyengo yozizira pasadakhale).

Chisamaliro! Sungani bedi lamaluwa pomwe maluwa amakula bwino, sungani nthaka kuchokera kuudzu womwe umalepheretsa chinyezi kulowa.

Gwiritsani ntchito kapangidwe kazithunzi

Pali malo a maluwa okongola awa m'munda uliwonse. Duwa limatha kukhala maziko a duwa lamaluwa, kusintha chosakaniza, kugwiritsidwa ntchito pagulu kapena kubzala kamodzi. Chomeracho ndi choyenera mawonekedwe amtundu uliwonse.

Gawo lirilonse ndi malangizo akusamalira

Malo

Thanzi la duwa limadalira kwambiri malo obzala.... Ndikofunikira kupeza malo owala pomwe chomeracho chimatha kukhala mumthunzi masana kutentha, izi zidzakuthandizani kupewa kuyaka pafupi ndi masamba. Komanso, maluwa amakhala omasuka pakona pomwe sipangakhale kuyanika kosalekeza.

Nthawi

Floribundas amakonda miyezi yotentha. Njira yabwino ndiyo kuyambira pakati pa Epulo mpaka kumapeto kwa Meyi. Komabe, ngati mungaganize zodzala maluwa kugwa, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyamba pakati pa Seputembala, chifukwa chisanachitike chisanu adzakhala ndi nthawi yolimba. Nthawi yomalizira kubzala ndi pakati mpaka kumapeto kwa Okutobala.

Kodi nthaka iyenera kukhala yotani?

Nthaka yopumira ndiyabwino pazitsamba za duwapomwe chomeracho chizipatsidwa chinyezi ndi mpweya wokwanira.

Kuti apange clayey chernozem kuwala, peat, compote, mchenga kapena humus ayenera kuwonjezeredwa kwa iwo.

Ngati dothi ndilopepuka kwambiri, ndiye kuti m'pofunika kuwonjezera dothi ladothi ndikuwonjezera nthaka ya sod, kompositi kapena humus. Yabwino nthaka anachita pang'ono acidic. Kutalika kokwanira kwa madzi apansi ndi osachepera 100 cm.

Kufika

Tilemba njira zodziwika zokwerera.

Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kugula mbewu zabwino... Amabzala m'nthaka motsatira ndondomeko ya chisamaliro. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti kubzala koteroko kumakupatsani 100%, nthawi zambiri mphukira zimapezeka paketi.

Zofunika! Kunyumba, njirayi ndi yopanda ntchito, chifukwa ndizovuta kusunga mitundu yamaluwa.

Mitengo

Kodi mungasankhe mmera bwanji? Mmerawo uyenera kukhala ndi mphukira zitatu zakupsa ndi makungwa osasunthika ndi mizu yotukuka yokhala ndi mizu yambiri yopyapyala. Kukula kwa muzu wa mizu kuyenera kukhala kofanana m'munsimu ndi pamwamba pa malo opatsira inoculation ndipo sayenera kupitirira 5-8 mm.

Njira yoyamba... Kufika kumachitika limodzi. Thirani msanganizo wokonzekerowo mu dzenje, kenako tsitsani mmera mmenemo mozama masentimita 8. Munthu wachiwiri amafalitsa mizu ndikuidzaza ndi dothi losakanikirana, logwirana ndi manja ake. Pambuyo pake, mmera umathiriridwa mpaka chinyezi chimajambulidwa ndikuphimbidwa ndi nthaka, kusiya mpaka masika. Mukamabzala, yesetsani kuti musawononge khungwa pakhosi ndi mafupa.
Njira yachiwiri... Chidebe chamadzi chokhala ndi piritsi la heteroauxin kapena sodium humate chimatsanuliridwa mu dzenje. Gwirani mmera ndi dzanja limodzi, ndi kutsitsa pakati pa dzenje, ndi linalo, pang'onopang'ono mudzaze nthaka kusakaniza. Yambani nthaka nthawi ndi nthawi ndikugwedeza chomeracho. Kuthirira sikofunikira pankhaniyi. Ngati nthaka yatha, kwezani mmera pang'ono pokha powonjezera nthaka ndikuthira masentimita 15. Mbande zikafunika kutenthedwa, zimatenga masiku 10-12.

Kutentha

Rose Mona Lisa amalekerera bwino nyengo yozizira yaku Russia, kulimbana kwake ndi chisanu kumapangitsa kuti zipirire kutentha pang'ono mpaka -29⁰C.

Kuthirira

Chomera chilichonse chimafuna madzi... Kumbukirani kuti kumwa madzi sikufanana nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Pakati pa kukula kwambiri (budding, mawonekedwe a masamba) ndipo atatha maluwa oyamba, duwa (mphukira zatsopano) limafunikira kuthirira. Osamwetsa maluwa kutentha, utsi, osafika pamasamba, madzi okhazikika omwe amathiriridwa angathe kukhala opanda bampu pansi pa chitsamba.

Kuwonongeka kwa matenda a fungal a masamba onyowa kumawonjezeka usiku.

Poyamba kugwa, muyenera kupewa kuthirira... Kufunika kwa chinyezi kumachitika ngati dothi silinakhutidwe ndi mpweya.

Zovala zapamwamba

Ophatikiza ndi feteleza ogwiritsidwa ntchito amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudyetsa. Chonde dziwani kuti floribunda imagwiranso ntchito ndi mchere wothira nthaka, pewani kuchuluka kwa feteleza.

Musanabzala maluwa, nthaka iyenera kuthiridwa manyowa ndi ng'ombe.... Idzadzazidwa pamwamba, ndikuwonjezera makilogalamu 1m2 pa nthaka yopepuka, pafupifupi theka la mtengowu panthaka yolemera.

Musalole kuti mizu iyambe kukhudzana ndi manyowa atsopano, izi zidzasokoneza mmera.

Feteleza amathiridwa kuyambira chaka chachiwiri, kuchita izi masika ndi chilimwe chilichonse.

Kupalira

Kupalira nthawi zonse kumathandiza kuti mbewuyo isawonongeke.

Kuphatikiza

Pamaso paulching, dothi limakutidwa ndi zinthu zapadera (masamba, peat, udzu kapena manyowa akale). Gwiritsani ntchito mulch kapena pansi poyang'anira bwino. Gawani mulch wa masentimita 8 pakati pa tchire mutadulira ndi kuchiza mabediwo.

Kumasula

Tchire la rozi limafuna dothi lotayirira kuti likule ndikukula.kumene chinyezi, mpweya ndi kutentha zimalowera. Kutsegula kumathandizira kupulumutsa madzi othirira ndi feteleza. Processing ikuchitika mozama osapitirira 10 cm.

Kudulira

Chaka choyamba

Kugwa... Fupikitsani zimayambira, dulani mizu yodwala musanadzalemo.
Masika... Fupikitsani mphukira zazikulu ndi kutalika kwa 3-5 kuchokera pansi pa chitsamba.
Kugwa... Tsinani zimayambira zazikulu, mphukira zamaluwa ndi kudula mphukira zosalimba.

Chachiwiri

Masika... Epulo-Marichi. Chotsani zimayambira zilizonse zakufa ndi mphukira zofananira.
Kugwa... Seputembala Okutobala. Dulani mphukira zamaluwa ndi zimayambira. Dulani mphukira zopanda maluwa. Zaka zotsatira.
Masika... Ndikofunika kuchotsa mbali zakufa za maluwa, zimayambira zofooka ndi mphukira zomwe zimakula mkati. Pakatikati patchire muyenera kuchotsa zimayambira zakale.

Gwiritsani ntchito pruner kapena munda var.

Tumizani

Zodula ndizoyenera izi. Ma algorithm ndiosavuta:

dulani mphukira zake;
chotsani minga ndi masamba;
chitani magawowa ndikukonzekera mwapadera;
ikani zochekera pakati mu maenje;
kumamatira ndi imeneyi ya 20-30 cm;
kuphimba ndi zojambulazo mpaka kuzika mizu;
kuthirira, kuwalitsa mbande, ndi kumasula nthaka.

Bisani mphukira zazing'ono m'nyengo yozizira, pokhapokha mutabzala tchire m'malo atsopano.

Kukonzekera nyengo yozizira

Musanabisala, dulani maluwawo ndikuthira pansi pansi pa chitsamba... Mangani chimango cha zotchinga, slats, mbiri kapena waya, ziyenera kukhala 20-30 cm pamwamba pazomera.

Roses amalekerera mosavuta chisanu, chifukwa chake palibe chifukwa chothamangira pogona.

Mitundu ndi njira zoberekera

Zodula

Dulani cuttings mpaka 10 cm kutalika, mpaka 0.7 cm wandiweyani, chotsani masamba ndi minga. Ikani iwo mu phytohormone kuti muzule bwino. Bowo liyenera kukhala lopitilira masentimita 10, mbali imodzi yowongoka, pomwe kudula kumatsamira. Analimbikitsa mtunda wa kubzala 15-20 cm... Kenako timaphimba pulogalamuyi ndi kanema ndipo timachotsa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti isamalire (kuyimitsa, kuthirira, ndi zina zambiri). Musaiwale kuchotsa namsongole, amaletsa kukula kwa maluwa.

Zocheka zimakonzedwa kuchokera ku tchire lolimba, lolimba.

Kutha

Njirayi ndi yovuta kwambiri, kutengera akatswiri. Scion imalumikizidwa kwa woperekayo, chiwombankhanga chamtchire, ndipo amamangirirana kwa mwezi umodzi kuti asasokoneze kukula. Magawo ali ndi phula lamaluwa... Pambuyo pa milungu iwiri, timayang'ana impso, ngati ili yobiriwira komanso yotupa, zonse zili bwino, apo ayi zotsatira zake sizikuyenda bwino.

Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda otchuka kwambiri ndi nthata za kangaude, nsabwe za m'masamba kapena ma sawflies. Tizilombo tangaude ndi ma sawflies a rosin amathedwa ndi DDT, Isophene kapena Akrex. Nsabwe za m'masamba zingathe kuchotsedwa ndi dzanja kapena mothandizidwa ndi Rogor, ndi zina zambiri.

Dzimbiri... Mawanga ofiira ofiira pamasamba amathandizidwa ndi zinc.
Mdima wakuda... Mawanga akuda pamasamba omwe amalumikizana. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa mullein, ngati izi sizikuthandizani, ndiye kuti muzikonza ndi Kaptan.
Powdery mildew... Mawanga ofiira ofiira omwe aphimbidwa pachimake. Ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa mullein kapena kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda Benlat, Karatan.

Chotsani nthaka acidification pafupi ndi malo obzala kuti muteteze mbewu ku matendawa.

Katundu wodabwitsa, chisamaliro chosavuta komanso mawonekedwe odabwitsa amasangalatsa aliyense wokonda zachilengedwe. Duwa ili ndi loyenera kwa wamaluwa woyambira komanso waluso m'munda wawo. Chifukwa cha maluwa ake, Mona Lisa akusangalatsani koposa chaka chimodzi.

Send