Zolemba za maluwa a mandimu. Zovuta zakusamalira ndi zovuta zachilengedwe

Ndimu ndi chomera chodziwika bwino m'nyumba. Koma kuti mutenge kuchokera ku zipatsozi osati zokongola zokha, komanso zipatso zakupsa, m'pofunika kupanga zinthu zoyenera.

Nkhani yomwe ili pansipa ikufotokoza momwe zinthu ziyenera kukhalira kuti mandimu iphukire, zovuta zomwe zimakumana ndi maluwa, komanso malangizo ndi zidule zosamalira chomera cha zipatso.

Kufalikira kunyumba

Ma mandimu anachokera ku Southeast Asia. Awa ndi mitengo yobiriwira nthawi zonse, yotsika ndi masamba onyezimira achikopa. Ndimu zimamasula m'malo awo achilengedwe masika ndipo zimatha kukololedwa m'dzinja.

Kunyumba, kuti mandimu iphulike, zinthu zingapo ziyenera kuwonedwa:

• Perekani kutentha kwabwino - kuyambira 14 mpaka 27 ° C.
• Osasuntha chomeracho m'malo ena.
• Ikani pafupi ndi zenera loyang'ana kummawa. Ma mandimu amakonda dzuwa lammawa.
• Thirani mtengo kumayambiriro kwamasika.
• Osayika pafupi ndi zida zotenthetsera ndikupopera mosalekeza kuti muwonetsetse chinyezi chokwanira (pafupifupi 70%).
• Pamene tizirombo tioneke, chotsani nthawi yomweyo.

Ndi chisamaliro chotere, mandimu amasangalatsa eni ake ndi maluwa onunkhira komanso zipatso zowutsa mudyo.

Kodi zikuyenda bwanji?

Maluwa a mandimu ndi apakatikati, 2-3 cm, zojambulidwa mumithunzi ya pastel: zoyera, zonona, zapinki kapena zofiirira. Fungo lonunkhira bwino limafalikira mchipinda chonse chomwe mtengo uli.

Mfundo ndi njira

Mtengo wa mandimu umatha kuphuka mchaka choyamba cha moyo, koma kuphuka koyambirira kumeneku kumatha kupha chomeracho. Chifukwa chake, maluwa amayenera kudulidwa.

Kodi mandimu imayamba liti kunyumba? Maluwa amayamba, monga lamulo, kumapeto kwa Epulo - koyambirira kwa Meyi. Njira yamaluwa ya mandimu imakhala ndi magawo angapo:

1. Chomeracho chimaponyera kunja peduncles.
2. Mabulu amapangidwa.
3. Masamba amatseguka patatha masiku 2-3.
4. Maluwa amapezeka pasanathe sabata.
5. Maluwawo amagwa ndipo ovary amawonekera.

Kupanga mavitamini ndi kudziyipitsa

Ndimu kutengera zosiyanasiyana imatha kudzipangira yokha kapena imafuna kuyendetsa mungu... Mwini chomera amatha kupanga njira yonyamula mungu pogwiritsa ntchito swab ya thonje kapena swab ya thonje. Ndikofunika kusamutsa mungu kuchokera ku duwa limodzi kupita ku linzake. Njira yoyendetsera mungu siyitsimikiziranso kuyendetsa bwino, koma itha kuthandizira pakalibe zosankha zina.

Chiwerengero cha maluwa

Mitengo ya mandimu imatulutsa maluwa ambiri momwe zingathere, koma izi zimawononga chomeracho. Mukamakula kunyumba, kuchuluka kwa maluwa kuyenera kusinthidwa.

Mulingo woyenera kwambiri udzakhala - duwa limodzi la masamba 6-7 obiriwira, kuti mazira omwe amabwera pambuyo pake asanduke zipatso.

Chifukwa chiyani kulibe masamba?

Mitengo ya mandimu simasangalatsa nthawi zonse eni ake ndi maluwa. Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo za izi: kuchokera ku chisamaliro chosayenera mpaka kupezeka kwa tizirombo.

Tizirombo

Nthawi zambiri, mitengo ya mandimu imatha kugwidwa ndi akangaude, tizilombo ting'onoting'ono, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.

Kangaude

Kangaude ndi kachilombo kakang'ono kamene kali kovuta kuwona ndi maso. Chizindikiro chake ndi 1-2 mm, chimakhazikika pansi pamunsi pa tsamba la masamba, nthawi zambiri chimakhudza masamba ndi mphukira zosapsa.

Zizindikiro za nkhupakupa:

• Madontho ang'onoang'ono owala pamasamba.
• Anagubuduza masamba okhala ndi nthonje kumbuyo.

Pali njira zingapo zochotsera nkhupakupa:

1. Kupopera ndi sulfure.
2. Kusamba masamba.
3. Nyali ya ultraviolet.
4. Kusintha masamba ndi yankho la mowa.

Zishango

Makhwala ndiwo tizirombo tangozi kwambiri. Akamapezeka pamtengowo, pamakhala mbale zowulungika (pafupifupi 4 mm). Pali mitundu ingapo ya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, koma yonse ndi yoopsa mofanana ndi chomeracho. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa ndi kovuta kuchotsa chifukwa chipolopolo chake chimakutidwa ndi sera yoteteza ku mankhwala.

Kuti muwononge tizilombo tambiri, gwiritsani ntchito:

• Mankhwala (Aktara, Aktellik, etc.).
• Madzi a sopo.
• Kulowetsedwa kwa fodya.

Thrips

Thrips ndi tizilombo tating'ono tomwe timayamwa timadzi ta mitengo ya mandimu. Maonekedwe awo ndiosavuta kuzindikira ndi timizere ta silvery timene tizilombo timeneti timayenda kuchokera ku tsamba kupita ku tsamba.

Kuchotsa ma thrips, gwiritsani ntchito njira zomwezo zowonongera akangaude.

Nthata za dothi (utitiri wadothi, podura)

Podura imatha kuwoneka m'nthaka momwe mandimu imakula. Ichi ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono toyera tolimba tokhala ndi thupi lozungulira. Utali wanthawi zonse ndi 1-4 mm. Maonekedwe a tizilomboto timakhudzana ndi kuthirira mopitilira muyeso komanso chinyezi chochulukirapo.

Ntchentche zadothi zimawoneka mukamathirira panthaka kapena pansi pamphika. Tizirombo tikhoza kudumpha mosiyanasiyana. Podura amadyetsa magawo owola a mizu ndi zinyalala zosafotakoma mosavuta amasinthana ndi mizu yathanzi, yomwe imatha kubweretsa kufa kwa mbewu.

Potsatira malamulo osavuta, mutha kupewa kuwoneka kwa tiziromboti:

• Sungani mbiya yamaluwa yoyera.
• Pewani kuthirira mopitirira muyeso.
• Perekani ngalande zabwino kuti madzi ochulukirachulukira asayime pakuthirira.

Ngati utitiri wawonekera kale, muyenera:

1. Chepetsani kuthirira.
2. Bwezerani nthaka yapamtunda mu mphika (2-3 cm) ndi nthaka yatsopano.
3. Fukani mchenga wouma pamwamba pa nthaka.
4. Fukani fumbi la fodya m'nthaka.
5. Thirirani chomeracho ndi mankhwala aliwonse ophera tizilombo, ndipo pakatha masiku 2-3, sungani nyemba zake kunthaka yatsopano.

Matenda

Mwa matenda omwe atengeka ndi mandimu, kuchepa mochedwa ndi sooty bowa.

1. Choipitsa cham'mbuyo (choipitsa cham'mbuyo) ndi imodzi mwazofala kwambiri za zipatso za zipatso. Amatha kuchoka ku chomera china kupita ku china. Matendawa amadziwonekera ndi mawanga abulauni omwe amakhala mkati mwa mtsempha wapakati wa tsamba. Mawanga akhoza kukhala okutidwa ndi zokutira ngati malembo.

   Ngati matenda ayamba kumene, kuchotsa mbali zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi mbeu kumathandiza. Pazigawo zapamwamba, mankhwala a Albit, Profit kapena Ordan amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

2. Sooty bowa Nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mbewuyo ndi nkhanambo.

   Choncho, m'pofunika kufufuza mosamalitsa chomeracho kuti mukhale ndi tizirombo. Ngati tizirombo tapezeka, tiyenera kuchitapo kanthu nthawi yomweyo.

Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa vuto lakumapeto:

Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa fungus sooty:

Kuphwanya kusungidwa

Zinthu zosayenera momwe mtengo wa mandimu umakulira nthawi zambiri zimakhala chifukwa chosowa maluwa. Zolakwitsa zazikulu pamndende:

• Pa / pansi kuthirira. Chinyezi chokhazikika m'nthaka chiyenera kusungidwa
• Dothi lokwera / lotsika pH. Ma mandimu ngati pH osalowerera ndale.
• Feteleza m'nyengo yozizira. Ndibwino kudyetsa mandimu chilimwe chokha.
• Kutentha kwakukulu mchipinda. Mitengo ya mandimu imakonda kutentha pang'ono koma kutentha kwambiri.
• Mpweya wouma umavulaza ndimu
• Kuunikira kosakwanira.

Chochita ndi momwe mungapangire kuti chomeracho chimasule masamba?

Ngati mtengo wa mandimu suphuka kwa nthawi yayitali, umatha kupsa mtima pachimake m'njira zovomerezeka:

• Kulengedwa kwa zovuta kwambiri:
  1. M'nyengo yozizira, mandimu imatha kutengedwa kupita khonde kuti imutse chomera.
  2. Njira yachiwiri yosinthira zinthu ndikupanga dala nyengo yachilala, yomwe imalowetsedwa ndi kuthirira madzi ambiri.
• Kupanga korona. Mitengo ya mandimu imayamba kuphuka ndikubala zipatso panthambi za kukula kwa 3-4. Kuumba kumatha kukankhira chomeracho ku nthambi yogwira ntchito ndikuwonekera kwa nthambi zofunikira. Ndikofunika kuwumba molondola komanso osadula nthambi zazipatso. Kuphatikiza apo, kutsina kumathandizira kupanga korona wokongola wamtengo.
• Kukoka nthambi. Mukulitsa chingwe ndi zolemera, mutha kupatsa nthambi malo osanjikiza. Izi zimabweretsa maluwa ndi zipatso. Nthambi za mafupa zimatha kukoka ndi waya.
• Njira zofunikira zosamalirira. Chomeracho chimafuna:
  1. Dyetsani nthawi (kokha m'nyengo yachilimwe).
  2. Thirani ndi madzi okhazikika.
  3. Spray pafupipafupi kuti mupange malo abwino omwe amalola kuti mtengo wa mandimu ukhale wolimba ndikukula mwamphamvu kuti uphulike.

Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwonere kanema momwe mungathandizire mandimu kuti iphule:

Bwanji ngati atawonekera?

Maluwa ogwira ntchito a mandimu samatsimikizira kuti thumba losunga mazira kenako zipatso zimapangidwa pachomera. Chifukwa chiyani maluwa amatha kugwa? Pakakhala kusasamala bwino kwa mandimu, maluwa amatha kugwa. Izi zimachitika ngati:

• Kutentha kwa mpweya kumakhala pamwamba pa 18 ° C.
• Nthaka yomwe mtengowo umakula ndi youma.
• Mpweya sukhala wopanda chinyezi mokwanira.
• Chomeracho chimathiriridwa ndi madzi omwe ali ndi klorini.

Chifukwa chiyani kuli maluwa koma kulibe thumba losunga mazira ndi zipatso? Kuphatikiza apo, kupezeka kwa maluwa sikutanthauza kuti mandimu amabala zipatso nthawi zonse. Zifukwa zazikulu zakusowa kwa zipatso:

• Maluwa osapukutidwa.
• Kuphwanya zikhalidwe.
• Msinkhu wa mtengo. Chomera chaching'ono sichingathe kubala zipatso.

Mukamachoka, ndikofunikira kuganizira zinthu monga kutentha, kutentha kwa mpweya komanso msinkhu wa mtengowo. Ngati zinthu zonse zakwaniritsidwa, mandimu amasangalatsa eni ake ndi zipatso chaka chonse.

Chithunzi

Kenako, mutha kuwona chithunzi cha mandimu wophuka:

Ntchito

Mtengo wa mandimu suyamikiridwa kokha chifukwa cha zipatso zake. Ma inflorescence a mandimu amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama kuphika ndi mankhwala azikhalidwe. Maluwa a mandimu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika osati monga zokongoletsa. Kum'mawa, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera mchere. Madzi a mandimu amaluwa ndi otchuka ku Europe. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko a ma cocktails osiyanasiyana.

Mu mankhwala owerengeka, inflorescence ya mandimu amagwiritsidwa ntchito:

1. Kwa kusowa tulo komanso kupweteka msambo.
2. Ndi matenda oopsa komanso okhudzidwa.
3. Ndi nseru ndi kupweteka m'mimba.
4. Pamene kutsokomola.

Maluwa a mandimu amapangidwa ngati tiyi, amathiridwa madzi amchere, kuphatikiza zitsamba zochiritsira.

Mitengo ya mandimu si zomera zokongola zokongola zokha. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera cha mandimu, mutha kukwaniritsa maluwa ndi zipatso nthawi zonse. Kukula kumapereka fungo labwino m'chipindamo, inflorescence itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika kapena mankhwala, ndipo zipatso zakupsa zitha kudyedwa. Khama lopanga ndimu limalipira bwino chifukwa cha kukongola ndi zipatso zake.

Onerani kanemayo: Interview met Richard - Eigenaar van Zolemba (September 2024).