Mitundu ya hibiscus ndi mtengo: kujambula ndi kusamalira mbewu m'munda. Momwe mungakulire bonsai?

Hibiscus ndi thermophilic tropical (subtropical) chikhalidwe chochokera kubanja la Malvovaceae. Mitundu yoposa 200 yazomera imadziwika ndi sayansi.

Mwachitsanzo, a Great Russian Encyclopedia, amalankhula za mitundu 300 ya banja lokongoletsali. Koma m'dera la Russia ndi mayiko oyandikana nawo, ndi mitundu yochepa yokha yazomera yomwe yakhala ikufalikira.

Munkhaniyi muphunzira za mitengo ya hibiscus yomwe ilipo komanso momwe mungasamalire chomera chokongola ichi.

Mitundu yazikhalidwe komanso zojambulajambula

Mwa mitundu yambiri yazikhalidwe zokonda chinyezi, mitundu iwiri imadziwika ngati mitundu yofanana ndi mitengo:

1. Hibiscus waku Syria;
2. hibiscus wokwera.

Olima mundawo amayang'ana kwambiri hibiscus yaku Syria, chifukwa imasinthasintha modekha momwe zingathere ndi nyengo yotentha ya kontinenti. Zomwe sitinganene za hibiscus wamtali. Amafuna nyengo yotentha yotentha.

Kodi chisamaliro cha chikhalidwe m'munda chiyenera kukhala chotani?

M'minda yam'munda, mutha kuwona mtengo wawung'ono wokhala ndi thunthu lopanda kanthu ndi korona wozungulira. Kutalika kwake kumafika mamita 2-3 ngati chomeracho chimakula mwachilengedwe. Kusamalira mitengo kumaphatikizapo magawo angapo amachitidwe agronomic.

Kuthirira

M'nyengo yotentha, nthaka imakhuthala nthawi zonse ikamauma. Koma ndikofunikira kuchita zinthu mwanzeru, kuti madzi asayime. Kuthirira mopitirira muyeso kumakhudza mizukuwononga. M'nyengo yotentha kwambiri, mtengowu umathiriridwa tsiku lililonse. Zovuta zonse zothirira zimawoneka pamaluwa kapena masamba: amayamba kugwa.

Madzi othirira ayenera kukhala ofewa, i.e. wokhala ndi mchere wochepa. Okhazikika amatha kupezeka powonjezera phulusa la soda kapena laimu pamadzi. Ngati mtengowo wabzalidwa mumphika waukulu, ndiye kuti masamba amawapopera ndi madzi kutentha.

Kuwala

Kuti muwonetsetse kuti zikukula, chomeracho chimafuna kuunikira koyenera.

Dzuwa (kumwera) kwa nyumba kapena munda wamunda ndioyenera kwambiri kukulitsa chikhalidwe chakumwera chakum'mawa.

Kuyambitsa

Koposa zonse, "Suriya" imamera m'nthaka yaying'ono yopanda mchenga. Nthaka yotere:

• bwino kusunga zakudya;
• amatenthetsa mwachangu ndikusunga kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali;
• mpweya wokwanira;
• osachedwa kupanga mapangidwe.

Kuphatikizika kwakukulu kwa humus kumathandizira pakukula kwa mbewu... Zomwe nthaka imachita sizilowerera ndale, zamchere pang'ono.

Kudulira

Kudulira mbewu ya thermophilic kumachitika mchaka. Zimalimbikitsa mapangidwe a mphukira zatsopano ndipo, chifukwa chake, maluwa. Njira zachuma zimaphatikizapo kuchotsedwa kwa:

• kuonongeka;
• kudwala;
• nthambi zowuma zakale kapena zokula modabwitsa.

Kudula kumapangitsa kuti koronayo akhale ndi mawonekedwe enaake.

Zovala zapamwamba

Zotsatira zabwino zidawonetsedwa ndi feteleza wamafuta achilengedwe:

1. phosphoric;
2. nayitrogeni;
3. potashi.

Kusintha kwa mchere ndi feteleza kumathandizanso chomeracho.... Kupopera kumachitika:

• Nthawi 1-2 pamwezi m'nyengo yozizira komanso kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira;
• Kamodzi pamlungu - mchaka ndi chilimwe.

Chisamaliro chiyenera kuchitidwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti kuvala sikufika maluwa. Ndikofunika kuthirira nthaka yokha.

Mphika

Mwachidziwitso, voliyumu yamphika wamaluwa iyenera kupitilira kawiri mizu. M'mikhalidwe yotereyi nthawi yosinthira imayenda bwino, ndipo kudula sikudzafa chifukwa chakuyika.

Pokulitsa dimba hibiscus, mphika wopangidwa kuchokera:

• mapulasitiki;
• ziwiya zadothi;
• chitsulo;
• nkhuni;
• galasi.

Chinthu chachikulu ndikuti pansi pamapangidwe, ndiye kuti, ili ndi mabowo amadzimadzi. Kupanda kutero, pamafunika zinthu zadothi (miyala yosweka, miyala, miyala, njerwa zosweka, ndi zina zambiri), zomwe zingathetse kuchepa kwa nthaka.

Tumizani

Kufunika kwa njirayi kumachitika mtengowo "utapitirira" mphikawo. Kukula kwa mizu kumayima kapena kumachedwetsa kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, chomera chokonda kutentha chimabzalidwa panja kapena mumtsuko wokulirapo.

Ngati mukufuna kuyang'ana korona wokhala ndi nthambi zambiri, muyenera mphika wowoneka bwinomomwe mizu yake idzakhala yotakata. Miphika ya maluwa yaying'ono imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakakhala maluwa ambiri.

1. Kukhazikikako kumayamba dothi likatenthetsa mpaka 15 digiri Celsius, ndipo mpweya umakhala wosachepera 22 degrees Celsius.
2. Dzenje lokwelera lakonzedweratu:
   • Zidazi zimayikidwa pansi ndikulimba kwa masentimita 15, kenako mchenga umatsanulira pafupifupi masentimita 10.
   • Chotsatira - kompositi mainchesi 15 masentimita, pambuyo pake mtengo umayikidwa mu dzenje ndikuphimbidwa ndi dothi losakanikirana ndi peat ndi mchenga poyerekeza ndi 2: 1: 2.

   Ngati dothi linali lochokera kumchenga, ndiye kuti mchengawo ungachotsedwe m'nthaka.

3. Ndikofunika kukonkha chomeracho kuti muzu wa kolala uziphimbidwa pang'ono ndi nthaka.
4. Pambuyo pa ndondomekoyi, hibiscus imathiriridwa ndi madzi.

Nyengo yozizira

Pofika nyengo yozizira, maluwa a ku Syria amatetezedwa ku chisanu. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka ngati kamtengo kakang'ono kamakula mchinyumba chachilimwe. Chomera chachikulire chimapirira kuzizira mosavuta.

1. M'mbuyomu, kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, hibiscus imathiriridwa ndikuthira, ndipo mu Novembala nthambizo zimapendekera pansi.
2. Bio-chinthucho chimaphimbidwa ndi zinthu zosaluka.
3. Kuti mukhale odalirika kwambiri, chovala china chimayikidwa pamwamba, mwachitsanzo, polyethylene.
4. Kapangidwe kake konse kali ndi udzu wouma, nthambi za spruce, ndi zina zambiri.

Momwe mungakulire bonsai wokongoletsa?

Ambiri bonsai amakula kuchokera ku hibiscus ya Cooper kapena masamba omwe amagawanika.

1. Pazomera, tengani dothi losakaniza ndi dongo, humus ndi miyala (3: 5: 2).
2. Mbale yaying'ono imayikidwa mchipinda momwe kuwunikira kumakhala kowala kwambiri.
3. Chomera cha biennial chimakhudzidwa ndikudulira. Nthawi yomweyo, nthambi zomwe zimadzazidwa ndi masamba kapena maluwa sizimakhudzidwa. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse mphukira nthawi yakukula kwambiri pafupi ndi gawo lobzalalo.
4. Kusankha mphika ndichofunikira pakukula kwa mbewu. Nthawi zambiri, alimi amasankha mitundu yokhazikika pamitengo yomwe amakonda. Mbale zazikulu, zosaya ndizabwino korona wokhala ndi nthambi zambiri.
5. Kuthirira kumadalira kwambiri mphika wa mphika. M'malo otsika, dothi limauma mwachangu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kuthirira kumachitika pafupipafupi.
6. Chakudya chamadzulo chimafanana ndi mitengo wamba ya banja la mallow (muyenera kungoyang'ana kuchuluka kwa dothi ndi mphika).
7. Kuberekanso kwa Chinese rose bonsai ndikotheka ndi kudula, magawano a mizu, mbewu. Kuposa ena, njira yodulira yazika mizu.

Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

Zochitika zamatenda zimachitika pamene chomeracho chimasamaliridwa bwino kapena chikadwala tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Matenda a "Suriya" ndi awa:

• matenda opatsirana komanso osapatsirana a chlorosis;
• kutentha kwa dzuwa;
• mitsempha yopepuka.

Nthawi yomweyo, pali kupatulira ndi kuyanika kwa nthambi, ndikugwa ndi masamba achikasu.

Pakati tizirombo kuonekera:

• nsabwe;
• kangaude;
• whitehouse wowonjezera kutentha;
• nyongolotsi;
• chishango;
• ndulu midge.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timaukira mtengo kuchokera m'nthaka. Njira ina: kuyandikira pafupi ndi chomera china chodwala.

Kusamalira mtengo wamaluwa wa hibiscus sikophweka. Koma chikhalidwe chachilendo chimakongoletsa bwino dimba, ndikupanga mgwirizano mu mbewu.

Onerani kanemayo: 97 Bonsai Ramification of Branches (September 2024).