Zosakanizidwa zotchuka komanso zosazolowereka - mavwende radish: kufotokozera, kulima, zabwino ndi zovuta

Watermelon radish ndi mbeu ya haibridi yomwe ikukula mofulumira m'dziko lathu. Zomera zimadziwika chifukwa chofanana ndi zamkati zolemera zapinki komanso khungu lobiriwira ndi mavwende.

Kukoma kwa wosakanizidwa kumakhala ndi kutsekemera kosangalatsa komanso malingaliro owawa. Kulemera kwa michere ndi mankhwala azitsamba kumapangitsa chikhalidwe kukhala chofunikira pakati pa wamaluwa. Momwe hybrid iyi imakulidwira komanso momwe imasiyanirana ndi mitundu ina ya radish - werengani.

Makhalidwe atsatanetsatane ndi kufotokozera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana

Watermelon radish ndi mtundu wosakanizidwa woyamba kucha wamtundu wa cruciferous. Mphamvu yamphamvu ndi kapangidwe ka michere ya mavwende radish ndi ofanana ndi mitundu ina yazikhalidwe. Zosiyanasiyana ndizosazizira. Zokolola za haibridi ndizokwera. Mbewu za muzu zimapirira mayendedwe anyengo yayitali bwino.

Wosakanizidwa amadziwika ndi kusinthasintha kwake pakugwiritsa ntchito.

Maonekedwe

Wosakanizidwa amatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe osanjikiza, ozungulira, ozungulira, a fusiform. Kukula kwa masamba ndi masentimita 7-8. Peel ndi wandiweyani, wobiriwira. Mnofu umakhala ndi utoto kuchokera ku pinki wowala mpaka pinki yakuya, imatha kukhala yofiirira, yabuluu, yachikasu. Mtundu wa zamkati ndi wosagwirizana - wolemera pakati komanso wopepuka m'mbali.

Chifukwa chophatikizana ndi peel wobiriwira wobiriwira komanso zamkati zolemera zapinki, mizu yamasamba imafanana ndi chivwende, ndichifukwa chake wosakanizidwa adatchedwa dzina.

Nthawi yofesa

Wosakanizidwa amasiyanitsidwa ndi masiku ofesa koyambirira:

• Pakatikati mwa mwezi wa March, chikhalidwecho chimabzalidwa mu greenhouses. Zokololedwa kumapeto kwa Epulo.
• Pakatikati mwa Meyi, radish amabzalidwa panja.
• M'madera akumwera, kufesa mbewu kumayamba koyambirira kwa Meyi.

Kodi zokolola zake ndi chiyani pa hekitala?

Mavwende a radish amadziwika ndi zokolola zambiri. Pokhala ndi chisamaliro choyenera ndikutsatira malamulo a kulima kwaulimi, zosiyanasiyana zimapereka matani angapo / 1 ha. Zokolola zazikulu kwambiri zimawonedwa pamene wosakanizidwa wabzalidwa mkatikati mwa Julayi. Poterepa, 8.5-9 kg / m² amakololedwa mu Ogasiti.

Kodi tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tikule kuti?

• Kufesa koyambirira kwa mbewu mu Marichi kumachitika m'malo obiriwira. Mkhalidwe wowonjezera kutentha umakupatsani mwayi wokolola kaye musanafese paminda.
• Panja, masamba amalimidwa kuyambira Meyi mpaka kumapeto kwa nyengo.
• Ngati zingafunike, ndiwo zamasamba zimatha kukhala pakhonde kapena loggia m'mabokosi amitengo, omwe kuya kwake kuli osachepera 30 cm.

Kukaniza matenda

1. Chivwende radish ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda ndi tizirombo. Kuchulukitsa chitetezo chamtunduwu, nyembazo zimachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala potaziyamu permanganate musanadzalemo.
2. Pofuna kupewa kupezeka kwa tizirombo ta tizilombo pa mbewu ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, ndikofunikira kuchotsa namsongole munthawi yake, kumasula nthaka m'mabedi.
3. Kuti mukule wosakanizidwa, m'pofunika kusankha masanjidwe amtunduwu momwe chikhalidwe sichimaunikiridwa masana. Kuwala kwa dzuwa kumatha kupangitsa kuti mitundu isaphukire.

Nthawi yakukhwima

Mitunduyi imakhala ndi nthawi yochepa yakucha. Kuyambira nthawi yobzala mpaka nthawi yokolola, zimatenga masiku 30-35, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wobzala mbewu ndikukolola katatu pa nyengo.

Kodi amakonda dothi lamtundu wanji?

Masamba amayankha bwino panthaka yachonde, yotayirira yopanda acidity. Ndi acidity wambiri, malowo amakumbidwa ndikuwonjezera ufa wa dolomite.

Watermelon radish amapereka zokolola zochuluka padothi loamy ndi lamchenga loam.

Tsambali likuyamba kukonzekera kugwa:

1. Zinyalala zazomera zimachotsedwa mosamala.
2. Kenako dothi limakumbidwa kwambiri ndikukhazikitsa humus, superphosphate, potaziyamu nitrate.
3. Zotsatira zabwino zimapezeka pogwiritsira ntchito manyowa m'nthaka pamlingo wa 3-4 kg / m². M'nyengo yozizira, tsambalo limakutidwa ndi mulch wosanjikiza.

Chithunzi

Komanso pachithunzichi mutha kuwona momwe chivwende chimakhalira:

Mbiri yakubereka

Dziko lakwawo la wosakanizidwa ndi Europe, koma zosiyanasiyana sizinatchulidweko kumeneko. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo ochokera ku United States adachita chidwi ndi mitundu iyi, chifukwa chake wosakanikayo adakhala chinthu chodziwika bwino komanso chofunidwa ku America. Asayansi ochokera ku Japan ndi China nawonso anali mgulu la kuswana mitundu iyi, adabzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Watermelon radish. Ku Russia, wosakanizidwa adawonekera koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma XXI.

Kusiyana

Mavwende radish amasiyana ndi mitundu ina yobiriwira radish mumchere wambiri wowuma komanso wolimba.

Wosakanizidwa ali ndi kukoma kokoma. Peelyo imakhala ndi kulawa kowawa popeza imakhala ndi mafuta a mpiru. Mu mizu yakula kwambiri, kulawa kumasintha pang'ono. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, wosakanizidwa amatha kupirira kutentha mpaka -5 ° C.

Kutumiza ndi hybrids

Kutengera momwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana idayambira, agronomists amasiyanitsa magulu atatu amitundu:

• Mzungu;
• Chitchaina;
• Chijapani.

Zimasiyana pakukula ndi malo olimapo. Mitundu yotchuka ya Watermelon radish:

Mtima wofiira

Amatanthauza hybrids Chinese. Mitunduyi imakhala ndi khungu lolimba, lopepuka la azitona. Zipatso zamkati ndizotsekemera, zowutsa mudyo, pinki yakuya kwambiri. Mitunduyi imakhala ndi mafuta ochepa a mpiru, chifukwa chake kukoma kwake kulibe. Zosiyanasiyana zimadziwika ndi mashelufu amoyo, zimalekerera mayendedwe pamtunda wautali.

Njira Yofiira

Wophatikiza waku Japan. Makhalidwe okoma a muzu amafanana ndi Daikon zosiyanasiyana.

Mitunduyo imasiyanitsidwa ndi zipatso zazikulu, zomwe kulemera kwake kuli 250-300 g.

Mawonekedwe a mizu ndi owulungika kapena ozungulira, mnofuwo ndi pinki wakuda, peel ndi yopyapyala. Masamba amakoma kukoma, palibe kuwawa.

Zovala zapinki

Chogulitsa chosankhidwa ku Japan. Zosiyanasiyana za nyengo yapakatikati, yodziwika ndi nthawi yayitali. Zomera za mizu kutalika kwa 8-10 cm, kuzungulira. Zamkati za zipatsozo ndi zokoma, zowutsa mudyo, zapinki. Mtundu wosakanizidwawo umakhala wosazizira, mbewuyo imakololedwa pomwe chisanu choyamba chimapezeka. Zimasiyanasiyana ndi mitengo yambiri.

Ubwino ndi zovuta

Zosiyanasiyana zili ndi maubwino ambiri:

• kukolola kwakukulu;
• nthawi zochepa zakucha;
• kuthekera kokulitsa mitundu kangapo pa nyengo;
• chitetezo chokwanira ku matenda ndi tizirombo;
• gwiritsirani ntchito mankhwala.

Zoyipa zake ndi izi:

• alumali lalifupi;
• sinthani kukoma kwake mukamakolola mochedwa.

Amagwiritsa ntchito chiyani komanso kuti?

Mavwende radish amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu:

• chatsopano;
• kuphika;
• yokazinga;
• mawonekedwe otetezedwa.

1. Masambawo amagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Zipatso ndi masamba amawonjezeredwa ku saladi, okroshka, supu zingapo zozizira.
2. Radishi ndi chokongoletsera cha zakudya zophikira ndi zakumwa.
3. Masamba ophika amakhala ndi kukoma kosangalatsa, kosakhwima.
4. Zamasamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza mbale zam'mbali, zowonjezera nyama ndi nsomba zokhwasula-khwasula.
5. Kuti mukongoletse matebulo a tchuthi, perekani mabala a radish ndi chitowe chakuda.

Kupanga mankhwala

Mavwende a radish ali ndi mavitamini ambiri, ma micro- ndi macroelements. Mtengo wamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi 21.1 kcal.

100 g yaiwisi radish ili ndi:

• 0,21 g mapuloteni;
• 0,4 g mafuta;
• 0,62 g wa chakudya.

Vitamini okhutira:

• В1 - 0.02 mg
• B2 - 0,02 mg.
• B4 - 7.32 mg.
• B5 - 0.136 mg.
• B6 - 0,045 mg.
• B9 - 27 magalamu.
• C - 22.5 mg.
• PP - 0,22 mg.

Ma Macronutrients:

• Potaziyamu - 226 mg
• Kashiamu - 26.5 mg
• Mankhwala enaake a - 16.4 mg
• Sodium - 21.5 mg
• Phosphorus - 23.1 mg

Tsatani zinthu:

• Iron - 0,42 mg.
• Manganese - 0,037 mg.
• Mkuwa - 114 mcg.
• Selenium - 0,71 magalamu
• Nthaka - 0.16 mg.

Pindulani ndi kuvulaza

1. Mavwende radish ali ndi zakudya zambiri:
   • mavitamini;
   • mayendedwe;
   • zidulo.
2. Zakudya zamtundu wazakudya zamasamba zamasamba zimayimitsa ntchito ya m'mimba.
3. Kugwiritsa ntchito radish kumathandizira chitetezo chamthupi, kumabwezeretsa mphamvu yogwira ntchito yamoyo wofooka, komanso kumakhala kosangalatsa pakakhala kulakalaka kudya.
4. Zomera zimapindulitsa pakuzungulira kwa magazi, khungu ndi tsitsi.

Ngakhale zabwino zowonekera, ndiwo zamasamba ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a m'mimba:

• gastritis;
• zilonda zam'mimba;
• komanso ndi kutupa kwa impso.

Radishi imakhumudwitsa mamina am'mimba, imatha kukulitsa matenda.

Kukula

1. Pakukula mbewu yosakanizidwa, mbewu zimagulidwa m'masitolo apadera. Asanabzala, mbewu imakhazikika mu pinki yothetsera potaziyamu permanganate ndikumera kuti ipititse patsogolo kumera.
2. Wosakanizidwa amabzalidwa pamalo otseguka mu Meyi, nthaka ikatha mpaka +13 .. + 15 ° С.

   Mbeu zimabzalidwa munthaka wokonzeka. Patsambali, ma grooves amapangidwa mozama masentimita 4-5, mtunda wa masentimita 13-15 umatsalira pakati pa mizere, masentimita 8-10 pakati pa mabowo. 2-3 g ya ammophos imawonjezeredwa m'mabowo, ndikuyiyika m'nthaka. Mbeu ziwiri zimayikidwa mu dzenje lililonse, ndikuthiridwa ndi nthaka, tamped pang'ono.

3. Pambuyo pake, mabedi amakhala okhathamira komanso okutidwa ndi mulch wosanjikiza. Pambuyo pa masamba 3-4 owona, mbande zimachotsedwa.
4. Kudyetsa koyamba kumachitika patatha masiku 7 kumera. Superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulphate amawonjezeredwa m'nthaka. Kuchuluka kwa feteleza kumakhudza kukula kwa mbewu.
5. Kutsirira kumachitika masiku aliwonse 7-9. Kuthirira mosasunthika kumabweretsa kutsika pakukula kwa mizu, mapangidwe amkati mwa zamkati, ndikutaya kukoma.
6. Pambuyo kuthirira, m'pofunika kumasula nthaka kuti zisawonongeke. Panthaŵi imodzimodzi ndi kumasula, namsongole amachotsedwa.

Kukolola ndi kusunga

1. M'nyengo yotentha, radish amakololedwa pomwe mizu imakhwima. Kukolola kumamalizidwa pakatikati pa nthawi yophukira, chisanachitike chisanu choyamba.
2. Amakololedwa m'nyengo youma. Mbewu zamuzu zimakumbidwa ndi foloko, kuyiyika pouma kuti iume.
3. Pambuyo pake, masamba omwe adakololedwa amasankhidwa, omwe adaonongeka adayikidwa kuti akonzedwe, zitsanzo zabwino zimasamutsidwa ku malo ogulitsa masamba.
4. Asanasungidwe, nsonga zidadulidwa, kusiya 2 cm.
5. Zamasamba zimayikidwa m'makina osungira, owazidwa ndi choko kapena phulusa. Izi ziteteza mizu pakupanga zowola.

Radish imasungidwa m'chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwa mpweya kwa + 1 ° C ... + 6 ° C kwa masiku 60-70.

Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

• Mukamakula wosakanizidwa panthaka yokhala ndi acidity yambiri, chikhalidwe chimatha kudwala ndi keel ya virus. Ndi matendawa, zipatso zimakhala zosasintha, zamkati zimakhala zolimba. Ufa wa Dolomite umawonjezeredwa kuti uchepetse acidity ya nthaka mukakumba.
• Ndi chinyezi chochulukirapo komanso kupalira msanga kwa namsongole, powdery mildew imawonekera pazomera. Kuphuka koyera kumayambira masamba. Matendawa amachititsa kuti masamba awume. Kuti athetse, ntchito Topaz, Fundazol imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Kawirikawiri tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi nthata zapamwamba. Amadya zobiriwira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewuyo iume. Kupukuta masamba ndi fumbi la fodya, kupopera mankhwala ndi kulowetsedwa kwa adyo kumathandiza kulimbana nawo.
• Ntchentche ya kabichi ikakhudzidwa, chomeracho chimapopera mankhwala ndi viniga (2 ml ya viniga wosakaniza pa lita imodzi yamadzi).

Watermelon radish ndi msakatulo woyambirira kucha, kulima kwake kumapezeka kwa wolima dimba aliyense woyambira. Kutengera malamulo aukadaulo waulimi, mutha kupeza zokolola zochuluka za mizu. Kukoma kosangalatsa, katundu wopindulitsa komanso mawonekedwe achilendo amathandizira kukulitsa kutchuka kwa ndiwo zamasamba.

Onerani kanemayo: Japanese Minowase Diakon Radish Propagation (September 2024).