Sagrada Familia ku Barcelona ndiye kholo lalikulu la Antoni Gaudi

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Sagrada Familia, yomwe ili m'dera la alendo ku Eixample, ndi imodzi mwazokopa kwambiri ku Barcelona komanso imodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino kwambiri zomangamanga kwakanthawi padziko lonse lapansi. Chomalizachi chidathandizidwa ndi zinthu ziwiri zofunika nthawi imodzi.

Choyamba, ntchito zonse ziyenera kuchitika pokhapokha ndi zopereka. Ndipo chachiwiri, miyala yomwe ili pansi pamapangidwewa imafunikira kukonza kosavuta ndikusintha kwamitundu, komwe kumayambitsanso zovuta zina. Chirichonse chomwe chinali, koma lero kachisi uyu ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimachezeredwa kwambiri masiku ano. Malinga ndi zomwe zidasindikizidwa ku El Periódico de Catalunya, alendo omwe amapita pachaka amapitilira 2 miliyoni. Mu 2005, tchalitchichi chidatchulidwa ngati UNESCO World Site, ndipo mu 2010 adapatulidwa ndi Papa Benedict XVI ndipo adalengeza kuti ndi tchalitchi chogwira ntchito.

Zolemba zakale

Lingaliro la Sagrada Familia ku Barcelona ndi la José Maria Bocabella, wogulitsa mabuku wamba yemwe adalimbikitsidwa ndi Vatican Cathedral ya St. Peter kuti adaganiza zomanga zofananira kwawo. Zowona, kukhazikitsidwa kwa lingaliroli kudayenera kuyimitsidwa kwa zaka 10 - ndiye kuti zidatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti wogulitsa mabuku wachiwiri atolere ndalama zofunika kugula malowo.

Ntchito yomanga kachisiyo idayamba mu 1882. Panthawiyo, idatsogoleredwa ndi Francisco del Villar, yemwe adafuna kupanga nyumba zapamwamba zopangidwa ndi Gothic yovomerezeka komanso mtanda wa Orthodox. Komabe, ntchito ya mbuyeyu sinakhalitse - patatha chaka chimodzi adasiya ntchito, ndikupereka ndodoyo kwa Antonio Gaudi, yemwe kachisiyu adakhala ntchito yamoyo wonse. Amati mbuye wawo sanangokhala pompopompo, komanso nthawi zambiri amayenda m'misewu kuti atole zachifundo.

Masomphenya a wamanga wamkulu anali osiyana kwambiri ndi projekiti yoyambirira yopangidwa ndi Bocabelle. Poganizira za Gothic ngati njira yachikale komanso yosasangalatsa, adagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoyambirira za kalembedweka, ndikuwaphatikiza ndi zikhalidwe za Art Nouveau, Baroque ndi Oriental exoticism. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, katswiri wazomangamanga anali munthu wosakhazikika kwambiri - samangofuna kulingalira zonse pasadakhale, komanso adapanga zojambula pomwe akumanga. Nthawi zina, malingaliro osatha awa adatsogolera kuti ogwira ntchito amayenera kukonza china chilichonse, kapena kupanganso magawo ena a Sagrada de Familia.

Pozindikira ntchito yayikuluyi, mbuyeyo adadziwa bwino kuti sangakhale ndi nthawi yomaliza pantchitoyo. Ndipo zidachitikadi - moyang'aniridwa ndi iye, chimodzi mwazigawo zitatu zokha ndizomwe zidapangidwa (choyambirira cha Kubadwa kwa Khristu). Tsoka ilo, mu 1926 womanga wamkulu adamwalira pansi pa mawilo a tram, osasiya zojambula zokonzedwa kapena malangizo aliwonse. Chokhacho chomwe tidakwanitsa kupeza chinali zojambula zochepa ndi zoyipa zochepa. Kupititsa patsogolo ntchito kwa Sagrada Familia kunatsogozedwa ndi mbadwo wonse wa akatswiri okonza mapulani, m'modzi mwa iwo anali Domenech Sugranesu, wophunzira komanso mnzake wa Gaudí. Onsewa adagwiritsa ntchito zojambula zomwe zidatsalira za mbuye wamkuluyo, ndikuwonjezeranso malingaliro awo okhudzana ndi tchalitchichi.

Zomangamanga

Kuyang'ana chithunzi cha Sagrada Familia Cathedral ku Barcelona, mutha kuwona kuti ili ndi magawo atatu, omwe aliyense amakhala ndi nthawi ya moyo wa Mesiya, ndi nsanja zingapo za belu, zopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapadera.

Chithunzi cha Kubadwa kwa Khristu

Chithunzi cha Catalan Art Nouveau chili kumpoto kwa kachisi (yemwe amayang'ana bwaloli). Simuyenera kuyang'ana kwa nthawi yayitali - pali khomo lolowera chapakati. Chokongoletsa chachikulu cha khoma ili ndizithunzi zofananira za zabwino zitatu zachikhristu (chiyembekezo, chikhulupiriro ndi chifundo) ndi nsanja zinayi zosongoka zoperekedwa kwa atumwi a m'Baibulo (Barnaba, Yudasi, Simoni ndi Mateyu). Pamaso ponsepo pamalopo pamakhala miyala yojambulidwa mwaluso yodziwika bwino ndi zochitika zodziwika bwino za Uthenga Wabwino (kutomerana kwa Mariya, kubadwa kwa Yesu, kupembedza kwa Amagi, uthenga wabwino, ndi zina zambiri). Mwazina, pamizati yogawa khoma kukhala magawo atatu, mutha kuwona zithunzi za mafumu odziwika aku Spain omwe adathandizira kwambiri pakukula kwa dzikolo, komanso mzera wobadwira wa Khristu wosemedwa pamiyala.

Chikondi Chakulakalaka

Khomalo, lomwe lili kumwera chakumadzulo kwa kachisiyo, lilibe chidwi ndi alendo. Chifaniziro chapakati cha chinthu ichi, chokhala ndi zojambula zosazolowereka za polygonal, ndi chithunzi chosema cha Mesiya wopachikidwa pamtanda. Palinso malo azamatsenga, kuchuluka kwa manambala omwe pazinthu zonse zomwe zingaphatikizidwe kumapereka nambala 33 (zaka zakufa kwa Yesu).

Malinga ndi lingaliro la opanga, mawonekedwe a Passion, omwe akupanga machimo akuluakulu amunthu, ayenera kuchititsa mantha Mlengi. Zomwe zimatchedwa Chiaroscuro, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kosavuta ndi mthunzi, zimathandizira kukulitsa izi. Kuphatikiza apo, pakhoma apa ndi pomwe mumatha kuwona zojambula zomwe zimafanana ndi Mgonero Womaliza, Mpsompsono wa Yudasi ndi zojambula zina zotchuka padziko lonse lapansi. Zithunzi zina zonse zidaperekedwa ku zochitika zokhudzana ndi imfa, kuikidwa m'manda ndi kuuka kwa Mwana wa Mulungu. Khomo lalikulu la gawo ili la nyumbayi limadziwika ndi chitseko chamkuwa, pamazenera ake omwe adayikidwamo Chipangano Chatsopano.

Chojambula cha Ulemerero

Khoma la Ulemerero, lomwe lili kumwera chakum'mawa kwa nyumbayi ndipo ladzipereka kwa moyo wa Mesiya Kumwamba, ndiye gawo lomaliza la Sagrada Familia waku Barcelona. Mbali iyi ndi yayikulu kwambiri, motero mtsogolomo khomo lolowera kutchalitchi lidzasunthidwa pano. Komabe, chifukwa cha ichi, ogwira ntchito akuyenera kumanga mlatho wokhala ndi masitepe opindika olumikizana ndi kachisiyo ndi msewu wa Carrer de Mallorca. Ndipo zonse zikhala bwino, pokhapokha pamalo omanga omwe akubwera padzakhala malo okhalamo, omwe nzika zawo sizigwirizana ndi malo okhala.

Pakadali pano, akuluakulu aboma akuyesera munjira iliyonse kuthetsa vutoli ndi anthu akumatawuni, omangawo akupitilizabe kukhazikitsa khonde la mizati isanu ndi iwiri, lotengedwa ngati chizindikiro cha mphatso za Mzimu Woyera, ndi nsanja za belu za nsanja zoperekedwa kwa atumwi 4 a m'Baibulo. Gawo lapamwamba la nyumbayi lidzakongoletsedwa ndi zifanizo zofananira za zolemba za Utatu ndi Chipangano Chakale zofotokoza za Kulengedwa kwa dziko lapansi. Pansi pawo, mutha kuwona zithunzi zowopsa za Underworld ndi anthu wamba akugwira ntchito yolungama.

Nsanja

Malinga ndi ntchito yoyamba yomwe Gaudí adapanga, a Sagrada Familia apatsidwa korona ndi nsanja za 18, zosiyana ndi mawonekedwe okha, komanso kukula kwake. Mitu yayikulu ndi nsanja ya Yesu Khristu, kutalika kwake kudzakhala masentimita 172, ndi nsanja ya Namwali Maria, yomwe ili pamalo achiwiri olemekezeka. Amakhulupirira kuti pomaliza kumanga nsanja za belu, Barcelona Cathedral idzakhala nyumba yayitali kwambiri ya Orthodox padziko lapansi. Pakadali pano, zinthu 8 zokha ndi zomwe zatumizidwa, koma kukula kwa kachisiyu kukugwedeza malingaliro a opanga.

Koma chofunikira kwambiri ndikuti kapangidwe ka nsanja zonse zimapangidwa molingana ndi mfundo za jalousie. Chipangizochi sichimangokongoletsa chabe, komanso chimagwira ntchito moyenera - chifukwa cha mipata yambiri, kulira kwa mabelu aku tchalitchi kumamveka mosiyana kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mphepo iliyonse ikawomba, nsanjazi zimatulutsa phokoso linalake, ndikupangitsa kuti azimveka bwino.

Mkati

Pogwira ntchito yapa tchalitchi, okonza mapulaniwo adayesetsa kukwaniritsa umodzi wathunthu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mkati mwa Sagrada Familia mumawoneka ngati nkhalango yotentha ndi dzuwa kuposa tchalitchi choyambirira. Tchalitchichi chimakhala ndi izi pazinthu zingapo zokongoletsa nthawi imodzi. Tiyeni tikambirane chilichonse mwa izi.

Mizati

Mizati yayitali yogawaniza malo a kachisiyu kukhala misomali 5 imawoneka ngati mitengo yayikulu kapena maluwa akulu a mpendadzuwa, akuthamangira kumwamba. Chifukwa cha zida zolimba makamaka (konkire yolimbitsa, porphyry yofiira ndi basalt), sizimangogwirizira zokhazokha chipinda chatchalitchi chachikulu, komanso nsanja zazitali pamwamba pake. Kuphatikiza apo, zipilala zamkati mwa tchalitchi zimasintha mawonekedwe awo: choyamba ndi bwalo wamba, kenako octagon, ndipo kumapeto kwake ndi bwalo.

Manda a Gaudi (crypt)

Kuyang'ana kudzera pa chithunzi cha Sagrada Familia mkatimo, mverani krispto ya tchalitchi, yomwe ili pansi pa nyumbayo ndipo idakhala manda a Antoni Gaudí mwiniwake. Khomo lolowera kumeneku limachitika osati masitepe okha, komanso chikepe. Kunja kuli kotuluka kwina, kotero mutha kusiya ulendo wopita kumapeto kwa ulendowu.

Masitepe oyenda

Masitepe oyenda omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukwera masitepe owonera ndiwokhota kopindika komwe kumangopatsa chidwi. Amanena kuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtima, komanso kuwopa kukwera ndi malo ochepa, sayenera kugwiritsa ntchito - atha kukhala oyipa.

Galasi lokhathamira

Mawindo opangidwa ndi magalasi okhala ndi magalasi okhala ndi mawonekedwe osawonekera bwino owala ndi kupaka mkatikati mwa tchalitchichi mumitundu yosiyananso. Mitundu yonse ya Sagrada Familia, yoimira nyengo 4, imadziwika kuti ndi ntchito yosiyana. Akatswiri amanena kuti chifukwa cha iye kuti ntchito magalasi othimbirira anayamba kukhala ngati osiyana kukongoletsa malangizo.

Zambiri zothandiza

Sagrada Familia Cathedral ku Barcelona, yomwe ili ku Carrer de Mallorca, 401, imagwira ntchito malinga ndi nyengo yake:

Novembala - February: 9 m'mawa mpaka 6 koloko masana;
Marichi ndi Okutobala: 9 m'mawa mpaka 7 koloko masana;
Epulo - Seputembala: 9 m'mawa mpaka 8 koloko masana;
Matchuthi (25.12, 26.12.01.01 ndi 06.01): kuyambira 9 am mpaka 2 pm.

Mtengo wa ulendowu umadalira mtundu wa tikiti:

Tikiti yokhala ndi wotsogolera pamawu achi Russia - 25 €;
Tikiti yovuta (Cathedral + Audioguide + Towers) - 32 €;
Tikiti + ulendo waluso - 46 €.

Pakhomo la crypt ndi laulere. Zambiri zitha kupezeka patsamba lovomerezeka la webusayiti - https://sagradafamilia.org/

Malamulo oyendera

Sagrada Familia wolemba Antoni Gaudí ali ndi malamulo okhwima omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa onse akumaloko ndi alendo:

Kuti mupite kukacheza ku Barcelona, muyenera kusankha zovala zosavuta komanso zotsekedwa: palibe nsalu zowonekera komanso khosi lakuya, kutalika kwake kuli mpaka pakati pa ntchafu. Zipewa ndizololedwa pazifukwa zachipembedzo komanso zamankhwala, koma mapazi ayenera kuphimbidwa.
Pazifukwa zachitetezo, pali chitsulo chowonera chitsulo pakhomo lolowera ku tchalitchichi, ndikuwunika matumba, zikwama zam'manja ndi masutikesi.
Kudera la Sagrada Familia, kusuta ndi kumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa sikuletsedwa.
Ndizoletsedwanso kubweretsa chakudya ndi madzi pano.
Kujambula zithunzi ndi kanema kumaloledwa kokha pafoni yam'manja, kamera ya amateur kapena kamera wamba. Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zaukadaulo sikuloledwa.
Mukakhala mkati mwa tchalitchi, yesani kukhala chete ndi ulemu.

Pezani Mitengo kapena sungani malo alionse ogwiritsira ntchito fomu iyi

Malangizo Othandiza

Mukamakonzekera kupita ku Sagrada Familia, mverani malangizo awa othandiza:

Osasunga ndalama pazantchito zantchito yaukadaulo kapena wowongolera mawu - muphunzira zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa. Komanso, nthawi zonse mumatha kutenga mahedifoni anu ndikugwiritsa ntchito chida chimodzi kwa awiri. Mwa njira, wowongolera mawu olankhula Chingerezi amawononga pang'ono, chifukwa chake ngati mumadziwa bwino chilankhulochi, mutha kukhalabe pamenepo.
Muyenera kugula matikiti opita kukachisi pasadakhale. Ngati tsiku ndi nthawi yomwe mwachezera ndi zofunika kwa inu, ndiye kuti pasanathe masiku 5 mpaka 5 asanakuchezereni. Izi zitha kuchitika patsamba lovomerezeka - osati kunyumba kokha, komanso pamalo pomwepo (pali Wi-Fi yolipira).
Muyenera kubwera paulendo 15-20 mphindi isanayambike. Tchalitchili ladzaza ndi alendo, chifukwa chake kupeza wowongolera sikophweka, ndipo palibe kubwezeredwa ngati kuchedwa.
Mukufuna kupita ku Sagrada Familia mfulu kwathunthu? Bwerani ku msonkhano wa Lamlungu, womwe umayamba nthawi ya 9 koloko ndipo umatha pafupifupi ola limodzi (womwe umachitika muzilankhulo zosiyanasiyana). Izi, zachidziwikire, siulendo, ndipo simungathe kujambula nthawi ya misa, koma mutha kusangalala ndi kukongola kwa tchalitchi chachikulu m'mawa wa m'mawa. Tiyeneranso kudziwa kuti kupembedza ndimwambo wapoyera womwe umasonkhanitsa okhulupirira ambiri. Gawo lochepa la tchalitchichi silingakwaniritse onse omwe akufuna, - mfundo yoti "ndani akhale woyamba" imagwira ntchito.

Yerekezerani mitengo ya malo ogwiritsira ntchito Fomu iyi

Zosangalatsa

Pali zinthu zingapo zosangalatsa zomwe zimakhudzana ndi Sagrada Familia ku Barcelona zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala zosangalatsa kwambiri:

Ngakhale panali zipilala zopendekera, mamangidwe a kachisiyo ndiolimba mokwanira kupirira ziboliboli zopitilira zana ndi nyimbo zamiyala.

M'malo ambiri azilankhulo zaku Russia chimodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri za Antoni Gaudi chimatchedwa Cathedral of the Sagrada Familia. M'malo mwake, mutu wa kachisi wamkulu wa Barcelona ndi wa La Catedral de la Santa Cruz y Santa Eulalia, pomwe Sagrada Familia idapatsidwa ulemu wina - Gulu Laling'ono Lapapa.
Atafunsidwa kuti ntchito yomanga tchalitchiyi itenga zaka zingati, Gaudi adayankha kuti kasitomala wake sanachite changu. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, sanatanthauze wina aliyense wogwira ntchito kapena wokhala mu mzinda wolemera, koma Mulungu mwini. Nthawi zambiri amatchulanso ubongo wake "ntchito ya mibadwo itatu."
Ntchito yomanga tchalitchi chodziwika bwino ku Barcelona yachedwetsedweratu mpaka kalekale. Mwina chifukwa cha izi ndi akamba amtundu wa gargoyle, omwe wopanga zomangamanga Gaudi adayika m'munsi mwa mizati yapakati.
Kuphatikiza apo, mpaka posachedwa, ntchito zonse zomanga m'dera la kachisiyo zimawerengedwa kuti ndizosavomerezeka. Ndipo kokha mu 2018, matrasti ampingo adakwanitsabe kuvomerezana ndi oyang'anira mzindawo pakupeza layisensi yofananira.
Mphekesera zikunena kuti ntchito yomanga tchalitchichi idzamalizidwa pokhapokha pofika chaka cha 2026, ndiko kuti, pofika zaka zana limodzi zakufa kwa mbuye wamkulu. Malinga ndi nthano ina, awa adzakhala mathero adziko lapansi.