Omwe amakonda kukhala chilimwe petunia - kubzala ndi kusamalira kutchire

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Panja petunia imakula mwamphamvu ndi olima maluwa, kukongoletsa mabedi amaluwa, kapinga ndi kumbuyo kwake ndi maluwa ake obiriwira. Ndiwodzichepetsa posamalira, koma muyenera kudziwa zina mwazinthu izi.

Ndi za izi zomwe tikambirana m'nkhani yathu. Muphunzira kubzala petunia moyenera, momwe mungasamalire nthawi zosiyanasiyana pachaka, komanso matenda am'mimba. Tikuuzani momwe mungasamalire bwino duwa ndi momwe mungapangire kuti mubalalitsenso. Sangalalani powerenga.

Kodi chomera ichi ndi chiyani?

Petunia ndi chomera chosatha m'banja la nightshade. Nthawi zambiri amakula ngati pachaka. Pali mitundu yambiri ya petunias yomwe imasiyana mosiyanasiyana mtundu ndi maluwa. Zitha kukhala m'mitundu yotsatirayi: ofiira, achikasu, oyera, kirimu, buluu, buluu wonyezimira, wofiirira ndi mitundu ina yambiri.

Maonekedwe a petunia ndi:

ampelous;
chitsamba;
kugwedeza.

Mitengo imatha kukhala yaying'ono (mpaka 30 cm), ndipo imatha kufikira 70 cm.

Tchulani! Petunia ndi wachibale wa fodya. Dziko lakwawo ndi South America. Idayambitsidwa ku Europe m'zaka za zana la 18th.

Makhalidwe olima panja

Petunia ndi chomera chodziwika bwino cha thermophilic. Komabe, mitundu ina ndi hybrids zimatha kupirira kuzizira. Monga lamulo, m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia, amabzalidwa pamalo otseguka kumapeto kwa Meyi. Mbande zamaluwa zimaloledwa kubzalidwa koyambirira - kumapeto kwa Epulo kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi. Petunia pamalo otseguka amasangalatsa maluwa ake kuyambira mkatikati mwa chilimwe mpaka nthawi yophukira.

Momwe mungabzalidwe molondola?

Petunia ingabzalidwe pansi ndi mbewu ndi mmera. Njira yachiwiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Pazigawo zoyambirira, ndizosavuta kwa wamaluwa woyambira kumene kugula mbande zopangidwa kale.

Podzala petunias, muyenera kusankha malo opanda kuwala. Amalekereranso bwino mthunzi pang'ono. Masiku angapo musanadzalemo mbande, muyenera kuthira nthaka ndi humus, ndipo masiku 3-4 akulimbikitsidwa kuti mutulutse panja. Kufika kumachitika madzulo kapena tsiku lotentha.

Mtunda pakati pa mabowo umadalira mtundu wazomera. Mtunda woyenera pakati pawo:

18 - 20 cm - mitundu yaying'ono;
20 - 25 cm - mitundu yayikulu;
25 - 35 cm - mitundu yamtchire.

Musanachotse mbande mu chidebecho, choyamba muyenera kuthirira madzi. Amabzala mdzenje limodzi ndi chotengera chadothi. Nthaka yozungulira nyembazo imasakanizidwa ndi kuthirira madzi ambiri ofunda, ndikuwaza peat kapena humus pamwamba. Masiku angapo mutabzala petunia ayenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa.

CHENJEZO! Simungathe kuthira mabedi musanadzale petunias ndi manyowa atsopano, chifukwa zimatha kuyambitsa matenda a fungal.

Kodi mungasamalire bwanji duwa?

Chisamaliro choyenera chimaphatikizapo izi:

Kuthirira.
Kumasula.
Zovala zapamwamba.
Kupanga kwa Bush (kutsina ndi kudulira).

Zinthu zomwe zili pamwambazi za chisamaliro cha petunia ndizofunikira nthawi iliyonse pachaka, koma nthawi iliyonse imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake.

Chilimwe

Kuthirira. Mutabzala, petunia ayenera kuthiriridwa kamodzi masiku 1 kapena 2. Ulamulirowu umakhala milungu 1.5. M'chilimwe, petunia ayenera kuthiriridwa nthaka ikauma. Kuthirira pafupipafupi masiku otentha nthawi zambiri kumakhala 1 kamodzi patsiku. Kutsirira kumachitika madzulo, mwachindunji pansi pa muzu wa chomeracho.
Kumasula. Kupalira nthawi zonse ndikofunikira kuchotsa namsongole komanso kumasula nthaka ndikudzaza mpweya.
Zovala zapamwamba.
1. Kudyetsa koyamba mutabzala pansi kumachitika pakatha masiku 10 ndi feteleza wokhala ndi phosphorous. Manyowa a Agricola, omwe amathimbitsidwa m'madzi ndikuthirira (25 g pa 10 malita a madzi), ndi abwino kutero.
2. Kudyetsa kwachiwiri kumachitika pafupifupi masiku 10 - 15 kuchokera woyamba.
3. Kudyetsa kwachitatu ndikofunikira panthawi yamaphukira. Feteleza "Kemira Lux" (20 g pa 20-30 malita a madzi) ndioyenera iye.
4. Chovala chachinayi komanso chotsatira chapamwamba chimachitika ndi feteleza wa potashi, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku 10 aliwonse, mpaka Ogasiti. Werengani za momwe mungadyetse petunia maluwa obiriwira komanso ambiri pano.

Tidakambirana mwatsatanetsatane za kusamalira maluwa pano, ndipo m'nkhaniyi muphunzira zoyenera kuchita ngati petunia sakuphuka.

Mu Ogasiti

Gawo lofunikira la chisamaliro cha petunia ndikudulira, komwe kumachitika mu Ogasiti. Munthawi imeneyi, chomeracho chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri pakupanga mbewu. Ndikofunika kuchotsa maluwa onse ofota kuchokera kuthengo. Ngati mphukira za petunia zakula kwambiri, zikhale zolemetsa, ziyeneranso kudulidwa. Izi zipatsa chitsambacho mawonekedwe owoneka bwino ndikukhala ndi gawo labwino pamikhalidwe yake yonse. Kudulira kumatha kuchitika ndi lumo kapena pochotsa mokweza ndi manja anu.

Zoyenera kuchita pakugwa?

Chakumapeto kwa Ogasiti - koyambirira kwa Seputembala, petunia iyenera kukumbidwa pamodzi ndi chimbudzi chadothi ndikuyika mbiya. Makulidwe ake ayenera kukhala osachepera masentimita 15. Masamba ouma ndi mphukira ayenera kuchotsedwa. Olima odziwa bwino amalimbikitsa kudula mphukira, kusiya 10-15 masentimita kutalika.

Mwa kuyika miphika yazomera m'chipinda chozizira, muyenera kuwasamalira. Munthawi yophukira, chomeracho chimazika mizu bwino ndipo chimatha kupulumuka nthawi yozizira.

M'nyengo yozizira

Kusamalira nyengo yachisanu kwa petunias ndikuwonetsetsa kutentha. Kutentha kwa mpweya mchipinda kuyenera kukhala + 10 - 12 madigiri. Ngati ndipamwamba kuposa izi, m'pofunika kuwunikira mpaka maola 12 tsiku lililonse. Awo. m'pamene kutentha, m'pamenenso mbewuyo imafunikira kuunika kwambiri.

Kuthirira petunia m'nyengo yozizira ndikofunikira pakufunika. Masamba akayamba kugwa, ichi ndi chizindikiro chochitapo kanthu.

Zovala zapamwamba sizimachitika nthawi yozizira, kangapo munthawi yonseyi ndi phosphorous-potaziyamu feteleza. Nthawi yomweyo, kangaude amathandizidwa ndi kukonzekera mwapadera.

CHOFUNIKA! M'nyengo yozizira, petunia imawoneka ngati yopepuka komanso yofooka. Koma osachotsera. M'chaka, chomeracho chidzasangalalanso ndi mawonekedwe ake athanzi.

Masika

Kusamalira petunia mu kasupe ndiko kukonzekera kufalikira ndi cuttings. Izi tikambirana pansipa.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo ndi matenda

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi matenda a petunias ndi awa:

Aphid. Zizindikiro zazikulu za nsabwe za m'masamba ndizosintha masamba, kufota. Itha kupezeka ndi mawonekedwe a mame onyezimira. Zikatero, m'pofunika kuchiza chomeracho ndi njira zapadera (mwachitsanzo, Aktara, Taran, Kemifos).
Whitefly. Imapezeka m'munsi mwa masamba ndipo imafanana ndi njenjete. Zimabweretsa kufota ndi chikasu cha masamba. Amathandizira whitefly ndi Taran kapena Aktara.
Kangaude. Masamba a zomera zomwe zakhudzidwa zimawala ndipo pambuyo pake amakhala okutidwa ndi mawanga akuda. Pofuna kulimbana ndi nkhupakupa, amathandizidwa ndi Demitan kapena Apollo.
Powdery mildew. Zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi matendawa zimadzaza ndi pachimake choyera. Masamba atsopano amakula, ndi akale amagwa. Chifukwa chachikulu chowonekera bowa ndikuthirira kosayenera. Zomera zimachizidwa ndi fungicides (Forecast, Vitaros, Previkur).

Tumizani

Pambuyo pa nyengo yozizira, muyenera kusamalira kuika petunias m'miphika, kapena makamaka, za kubereka kwake. Izi zimafuna:

Dulani zidutswazo (masentimita 10 mulimonse) kuchokera ku chomera cha mayi, ndikudula masamba akumtunda pakati, ndikuchotsa m'munsi.
Ikani cuttings mu phytohormone yankho.
M'mabokosi omwe ali ndi nthaka yolimba kapena mchenga wonyowa, pitani cuttings kuzama kwa masentimita 3-4 ndi madzi.
Phimbani ndi zojambulazo (galasi) ndikuziyika pazenera.
Masamba oyamba atawonekera, cuttings iyenera kuikidwa m'miphika yaying'ono, ndipo pambuyo pakupanga masamba 4-6, uzitsine umatha.
Pakadutsa pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, petunias amabzalidwa mumiphika yayikulu, ndipo pakati pa Meyi, pamalo okhazikika, panja.

Kubereka

Mutha kufalitsa petunia ndi cuttings mchilimwe.

Kuchokera ku chomera chopatsa thanzi, odulira ofananira nawo (7 - 10 cm) wokhala ndi masamba 3 - 4 owona amadulidwa.
Cuttings obzalidwa osiyana miphika, madzi ndi yokutidwa ndi mitsuko. Ndikofunikira kukhalabe ndi nthaka yabwino chinyezi komanso mpweya wabwino nthawi zonse. Kutentha koyenera kwa kuzika mizu ndi madigiri 22-23 Celsius.
Pambuyo popanga masamba, kutsina kumatha, kenako ndikubzala panja.

Ndikosatheka kunena kuti njira yakukulira petunias ndiyosavuta, popeza pali zovuta zambiri komanso zovuta pankhaniyi. Komabe, ndi njira yoyenera ndikutsatira malangizowo, izi ndizotheka. Ndipo panthawiyi ntchito zonse ndi khama lawo zidzapindula ndi maluwa osangalatsa a petunia.

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