Agrotechnics, mawonekedwe ndi ma nuances okula atitchoku waku Yerusalemu kutchire mdziko, kunyumba ndi bizinesi

Peyala yadothi ndi chomera chosatha chomwe chimadabwitsa ndi kudzichepetsa kwake komanso zipatso zake.

Chomeracho chidatchedwa "peyala yadothi" chifukwa cha kutalika kwa ma tubers. Mitengoyi imakhala ndi mavitamini ndi mchere wapadera.

Dziko lakwawo linali kumpoto kwa America, komwe akupezekabe kuthengo. Peyala yadothi idabwera ku Europe chifukwa cha woyenda Samuel de Champlain koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 17.

Agrotechnics ndi mawonekedwe olima peyala yadothi

Artichoke ya ku Yerusalemu, kapena peyala yapansi, ili ndi maubwino ambiri kuposa mbewu zina. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika, kukonza malo ndi mankhwala.

Chifukwa chokana zinthu zakunja, atitchoku waku Yerusalemu safuna kupalira, kudyetsa ndi njira zodzitetezera.

Komanso, Artichoke waku Yerusalemu amalima nthaka ndikutsitsa namsongole m'munda... Itha kubzalidwa m'munda womwewo kwa zaka 30-40 osavulaza nthaka.

Mtengo wa mbewu

Mtengo wa Jerusalem artichoke tubers umakhala pakati pa 25 mpaka 150 rubles pa kilogalamu. Kilogalamu imodzi ili ndi 10-15 tubers. Mitengo yamitengo imalungamitsidwa ndi nyengo, dera lomwe ma tubers amatumizidwa ndipo kuchuluka kwake kudalamulidwa.

Malangizo ndi tsatane-tsatane: momwe mungasamalire masamba kutchire patsamba kapena mdziko muno?

Zotsatirazi zikufotokoza momwe mungakulire bwino peyala yadothi kutchire.

Kudzala mbewu zake ndi ma tubers

Mbeu za atitchoku zaku Yerusalemu zimabzalidwa mchaka m'nthaka mpaka 7-8 masentimita, ndi tubers wa peyala yadothi - mchaka mpaka masentimita 6-12 kapena nthawi yozizira isanafike masentimita 10-12. Nthawi yobzala atitchoku ku Yerusalemu imadalira mitundu yosankhidwa kuti ilimidwe.

Chisamaliro

Mphukira yoyamba ya atitchoku yaku Yerusalemu itangotuluka, muyenera kuchotsa mipata ya namsongole ndikumamasula. Ndondomekoyi iyenera kubwerezedwa nthawi 3-4 pakadutsa milungu 2-3. Peyala yadothi iyenera kufumbidwa ndikudyetsedwa ndi urea pomwe chomeracho chimafika kutalika kwa 15-25 cm. Izi zipangitsa kuti atitchoku ku Yerusalemu azikhala ndi kutentha kwabwino kwambiri komanso kuti aziyenda bwino kwambiri pamlengalenga, zomwe zidzakhudze kukoma kwa peyala yadothi.

Kuthirira

Popeza artichoke yaku Yerusalemu ndi chomera chodzichepetsa, kuthirira kumayenera kuchitika kokha m'miyezi youma kumadera akumwera 1 kamodzi masiku 7-10, ndikugwiritsa ntchito malita 10-15 amadzi kunyowetsa chitsamba chimodzi. Peyala yadothi sifunikira kuthirira m'malo omwe nyengo imakhala yotentha.

Zovala zapamwamba

Artichoke yaku Yerusalemu imatha kukula popanda umuna, koma kuvala pamwamba kumatha kuwirikiza kawiri zokolola za peyala. Mu kasupe, feteleza wa nayitrogeni kapena potashi ayenera kuwonjezeredwa panthaka. Pambuyo pa mphukira zoyamba za peyala yadothi, mutha kuthira chomeracho ndi kulowetsedwa kwa zitsamba zofukiza zosakanikirana ndi zitosi za nkhuku. Mu Julayi, ndikuyenera kuthira feteleza mbewuyo ndi yankho lamchere wam'madzi kapena kulowetsedwa kwa manyowa obiriwira.

Manyowa amchere amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito chaka chilichonse, komanso feteleza - kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri.

Kupatulira

Atitchoku waku Yerusalemu amatha kuponderezana, zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa zokolola. Ndikofunika kuchepetsa kubzala kwa mapeyala a dothi, kuti zisawonongeke kwambiri... Muyenera kulingalira za gawo ili la chisamaliro pomwe kutalika kwa mphukira kuli 10 cm.

Mtunda wovomerezeka pakati pa mizere ya atitchoku waku Yerusalemu ndi 30-35 cm, komanso pakati pa zokolola - 45-50 cm.

Chitetezo

Pamene zowola zoyera ndi powdery mildew (yoyera pachimake pa zimayambira) imawonekera pa artichoke ku Yerusalemu, mbewu zomwe zakhudzidwa zimayenera kuwotchedwa kuti zisawononge kufalikira kwa matenda ena kubzala zina.

Kudulira

Kudulira tchire la artichoke ku Yerusalemu koyambirira kwa Ogasiti kumathandizira pakukolola. Ndikofunika kudula maluwa a atitchoku ku Yerusalemu kuti michere yonse ipite kukulira mbewu zamizu.

Malangizo ndi gawo ndi gawo: momwe mungafalitsire kunyumba?

Kuti mukulitse peyala yadothi kunyumba, pitani mmerawo m'mabokosi osungira kapena zotengera zazikulu kuti mbeu zifalikire.

Kusamalira peyala yadothi kunyumba sikusiyana kwenikweni ndi kusamalira chomera ichi kutchire.

koma Atitchoku ku Yerusalemu kunyumba amafunika kuthiriridwa pafupipafupi... Kutsirira kumachitika m'mawa kapena madzulo ndi madzi kutentha kwa madigiri 15.

Kukula ngati bizinesi

Ku Russia, alimi ochulukirachulukira akuganiza zakubzala atitchoku ku Yerusalemu kuti agulitsidwe, chifukwa ma peyala a dothi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopangira zopangira zakudya ndi ana, ndipo chakudya chapamwamba kwambiri chanyama chimapangidwa kuchokera kumtengo wobiriwira. Zokolola za tubers zimatha kufika 40-50 t / ha, ndi zokolola zobiriwira zobiriwira - 30 t / ha.

Ngati tilingalira kuti mtengo wapakati wa artichoke tubers ndi 87.4 rubles pa kilogalamu, ndipo mtengo wapakati wobiriwira wobiriwira ndi 1075 rubles pa tani, zimapezeka kuti ndalama kuchokera pa hekitala imodzi ya munda wobzalidwa ndi atitchoku waku Yerusalemu zitha kufikira ma ruble mamiliyoni 4.

Popeza atitchoku waku Yerusalemu ndi chomera chodzichepetsa, mtengo wake, monga alimi amavomerezera, ndi wotsika. Kugula mtengo kwambiri kudzakhala kukolola thalakitala T-25, kulipira 500-600 zikwi. Ngati tiwonjezera pamtengo wa thirakitara mtengo wazinthu zodzala, mafuta ndi malipiro a ogwira ntchito, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa 2,250,000 kutuluka, komwe kumakhala kopitilira kawiri kuposa phindu lochokera pa hekitala imodzi yobzalidwa ndi artichoke yaku Yerusalemu.

Kulembetsa mabungwe azovomerezeka kubizinesi

Kuti mulembetse mabungwe azovomerezeka ku Russia, mudzafunika mapepala angapo, omwe angathe kukonzedwa ndi kampani iliyonse yazamalamulo mdera lanu. Komabe, pali zambiri zomwe wochita bizinesi ayenera kusankha asanalembe zikalata:

1. Lembani kuchuluka kwa mitundu yazomwe zachitika ndi bungwe lovomerezeka kuchokera pagulu la OKVED.
2. Sankhani umwini woyenera - LLC kapena wamalonda aliyense.
3. Ngati pali omwe akutenga nawo mbali, muyenera kupanga memorandum of association, fotokozani kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe muyenera kugulitsa, sankhani wamkulu.
4. Pezani adilesi yalamulo kuti mulembetse bungwe lovomerezeka.

Ndalama za boma zolembetsa mabungwe azovomerezeka ndi 4000 rubles.

Mawonekedwe:

Kulima kwa peyala yadothi, imodzi mwazomera zosafulumira kwenikweni zaulimi, kumabweretsa phindu lalikulu kwa wochita bizinesi: mtengo wokulitsa atitchoku waku Yerusalemu ndiwotsika, mitengo yayikulu ikuyembekezeredwa koyambirira koyambirira kwa kupanga, muzaka zikubwerazi wazamalonda azigwiritsa ntchito ndalama pokhapokha pakuchepa kwa zida ndi malipiro a ogwira ntchito.

Zolakwika zomwe zingachitike ndi njira zowakonzera

Chimodzi mwazolakwika kwambiri ku Yerusalemu kulima atitchoku, komwe kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa zokolola, ndikukula kwa kubzala kwa peyala yadothi. Vutoli limatha kuthetsedwa mosavuta ndikuchepetsa kubzala kwa mbewu zomwe zafika kale kutalika kwa masentimita 10. Ngati kagawo kakang'ono kopitilira mpweya wapanga panthaka, iyenera kumasulidwa mosamala.

Ngakhale zili choncho Peyala yadothi ndi chomera chopanda phindu, muyenera kuthirira kamodzi pamwezi, ndipo zokolola za chomerachi zidzawonjezeredwa mwangwiro ndi kudyetsa munthawi yake koyambirira kwamasika ndi theka lachiwiri la chilimwe.

Alimi a Novice nthawi zambiri amalakwitsa kudula gawo lamlengalenga la artichoke yaku Yerusalemu nthawi yophukira. Uku ndikulakwitsa, chifukwa gawo lapamwambali siliyenera kudulidwa mpaka nthawi yokolola: limathandizira kukulitsa kwa michere ya tubers chaka chamawa.

Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

Atitchoku waku Yerusalemu satengeka kwambiri ndi matenda komanso tizilombo toononga. koma m'nyengo yotentha kwambiri kapena yamvula, chomeracho chimadwala:

• Kuvunda koyera, yomwe imawonetsedwa ndi zokutira zomverera paziphuphu. Chitsamba cha atitchoku chodwala chikuyenera kuwotchedwa kuti tipewe matenda azitsamba zonse.
• Powdery mildew, chizindikiro chomwe chimakhalanso cholembera paziphuphu. Mbewu yodwala iyenera kuwotchedwa.
• Njira ina, momwe masamba ake amakhala okutidwa ndi mawanga akuda ndi kuwuma.

Artichoke yaku Yerusalemu itha kuvulazidwa ndi:

• ziphuphu;
• chimbalangondo;
• mbewa;
• timadontho-timadontho;
• Mulole kafadala ndi mphutsi zawo.

Njira yothetsera sopo kapena kulowetsedwa kwa adyo kungathandize kupewa vutoli.

Kukolola ndi kusunga

Nthawi yophukira ikafika, gawo lokhalo la atitchoku waku Yerusalemu liyenera kukumbidwa, chifukwa Peyala yadothi ndi chomera chosagwira chisanu chomwe chingapirire -40.

Ndikukumba kwa peyala yadothi, muyenera kudikirira mpaka kumapeto kwa Okutobala komanso koyambirira kwa Novembala. Poyambirira mumakumba atitchoku waku Yerusalemu, zakudya zochepa zomwe mungapeze.

Ngakhale zili ndi zabwino zonse zosatsutsika, peyala yadothi ili ndi vuto limodzi: zipatsozo zimawonongeka msanga kutentha. Ndicho chifukwa chake alimi odziwa zamasamba amalimbikitsa kusungira atitchoku ku Yerusalemu m'chipinda chosungira chinyezi chambiri, kapena m'malo ena ochepa mufiriji, kapena milu yazitali.

Burta ndi dzenje losaya pomwe mizu imayikidwa, kusinthana ndi mchenga, udzu kapena matalala.

Kuphatikiza apo, atitchoku waku Yerusalemu amatha kuyanika ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala. Werengani zambiri za izi Pano.

Jerusalem artichoke ndi mawu atsopano kwa anthu wamba, koma chomerachi posachedwa chithandizira chidwi chake chodzichepetsa, kukana chisanu komanso zipatso. Peyala yadothi ili ndi zinthu zofunikira pakudya kwa mwana ndi zakudya.

Onerani kanemayo: Liwonde National Park (June 2024).